Nanoemulsion Hydrogel Delivery System of Hypericum perforatum L.: In Silico Design, In Vitro Antimicrobial-Toxicological Profiling, and In Vivo Wound-Healing Evaluation

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dc.contributor.authorKurt, Ahmet Arif
dc.contributor.authorIbrahim, Bashar
dc.contributor.authorCinar, Harun
dc.contributor.authorAtsu, Ayse Nilhan
dc.contributor.authorBursalioglu, Ertugrul Osman
dc.contributor.authorBayir, Ismail
dc.contributor.authorOzmen, Oezlem
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-25T14:20:28Z
dc.date.available2026-04-25T14:20:28Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentSinop Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractHypericum perforatum L. (H.P.), a plant renowned for its wound-healing properties, was investigated for antioxidant/antimicrobial efficacy, toxicological safety, and in vivo wound-healing effects in this research to develop and characterize novel nanoemulsion hydrogel (NG) formulations. NG were prepared via emulsion diffusion-solvent evaporation and polymer hydration using Cremophor RH40 and Ultrez 21/30. A D-optimal design optimized oil/surfactant ratios, considering particle size, PDI, and drug loading. Antioxidant activity was tested via DPPH, ABTS+, and FRAP. Toxicological assessment followed HET-CAM (ICH-endorsed) and ICCVAM guidelines. The optimized NG-2 (NE-HPM-10 + U30 0.5%) demonstrated stable and pseudoplastic flow, with a particle size of 174.8 nm, PDI of 0.274, zeta potential of -23.3 mV, and 99.83% drug loading. Release followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. H.P. macerates/NEs showed potent antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50: 28.4 mu g/mL; FRAP: 1.8 mmol, Fe2+/g: 0.3703 +/- 0.041 mM TE/g). Antimicrobial effects against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC: 12.5 mu g/mL) and E. coli (MIC: 25 mu g/mL) were significant. Stability studies showed no degradation. HET-CAM tests confirmed biocompatibility. Histopathology revealed accelerated re-epithelialization/collagen synthesis, with upregulated TGF-beta 1. The NG-2 formulation demonstrated robust antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing efficacy. Enhanced antibacterial activity and biocompatibility highlight its therapeutic potential. Clinical/pathological evaluations validated tissue regeneration without adverse effects, positioning H.P.-based nanoemulsions as promising for advanced wound care.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); [TEYDEB 1512]; [2210732]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) TEYDEB 1512 Grant No 2210732.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/gels11060431
dc.identifier.issn2310-2861
dc.identifier.issue6
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3086-0995
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7273-3874
dc.identifier.pmid40558730
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105009117562
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/gels11060431
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11486/8590
dc.identifier.volume11
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001514997300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofGels
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260420
dc.subjecthydrogel
dc.subjectnanoemulsion
dc.subjectwound healing
dc.subjectHET-CAM
dc.subjectdrug delivery systems
dc.subjectantimicrobial activity
dc.subjectHypericum perforatum L.
dc.subjectin silico modeling
dc.subjectCremophor RH40
dc.subjectantioxidant activity
dc.titleNanoemulsion Hydrogel Delivery System of Hypericum perforatum L.: In Silico Design, In Vitro Antimicrobial-Toxicological Profiling, and In Vivo Wound-Healing Evaluation
dc.typeArticle

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