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Öğe Association of Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-K18 Variant with Bipolar Disorder Type I(Korean Coll Neuropsychopharmacology, 2025) Yegin, Zeynep; Sarisoy, Gokhan; Avsar, Cumhur; Aral, Ayse Erguner; Koc, HaydarObjective: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and associated sequences occupy similar to 8% of the human genome and dysregulation of HERV transcripts may have significant impacts on human health including psychiatric disorders. HERV-K18 is still active in the human genome and its envelope gene encodes a superantigen (SAg) which may result in deregulation of the immune system. In the study, the possible associations of the two variants localized in the SAg-coding region of HERV-K18 with bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) were evaluated. Methods: The subjects included 100 patients with BD-I and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The effects of the two HERV-K18 variants (HERV-8594 and HERV-8914) were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The possible associations of the genotypes/alleles in BD-I patients with several clinical and demographic data were also evaluated. Results: HERV-8914 TT genotype had approximately 5.36 times higher risk of BD-I than those with the CC genotype (odds ratio, 5.386; 95% confidence interval, 1.602-18.110). Moreover, the prevalence of the CC genotype in patients with hypomania (31.25%) was found to be higher than that observed in patients without hypomania (10.71%) (Fisher's Conclusion: This is the first study implying that HERV-K18 variations may be associated with the pathogenesis of BD-I.Öğe The effect of P2Y12 Receptor Inhibitors on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Intervention and Receiving Abciximab(Via Medica, 2025) Altinkaya, Onur; Aydemir, Selim; Ozmen, Murat; Aydin, Sidar Siyar; Aksakal, Emrah; Ozkoc, Mustafa; Macit, RaufBackground: Our study compared the effect of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors in combination with abciximab on clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Our study is retrospective, consisting of 852 consecutive ACS patients who presented to our clinic between 2015 and 2021, underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and received abciximab in addition to dual antiplatelet therapy. The P2Y12 receptor inhibitors were compared in terms of in-hospital and 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and clinically significant in-hospital and 1-year bleeding complications. Results: The patients' mean age was 60.4 +/- 11 years, and 702 (82.4%) were male. In-hospital MACE, in-hospital mortality, 1-year MACE, and 1-year mortality were significantly higher in the clopidogrel group compared to the ticagrelor group. There was no significant difference in the development of in-hospital and 1-year bleeding between clopidogrel and the more potent P2Y12 receptor inhibitors. According to the BARC score, there was no difference in major bleeding between ticagrelor and clopidogrel (p = 0.641), but minor bleeding was significantly lower in the ticagrelor group (p < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, the 1-year MACE rate was lower in the potent P2Y12 receptor inhibitors group compared to clopidogrel. At the same time, no association was found with short-and long-term mortality, bleeding, or in-hospital MACE. Conclusions: In our study, potent P2Y12 receptor inhibitors combined with abciximab decreased 1-year MACE without significantly increasing bleeding in ACS patients undergoing PCI compared to clopidogrel. This study suggests that potent P2Y12 receptor inhibitors can be safely used with abciximab, considering the bleeding risk.Öğe Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical study of new cocrystals and charge-transfer compounds(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Sahin, Zarife Sibel; Kartal, ZekiThis study used single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, theoretical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and theoretical ultraviolet spectroscopy to characterize 3 newly synthesized crystalline compounds. Additionally, the nonlinear optical, highest occupied molecular orbital energies, lowest occupied molecular orbital energies, band gap, molecular electrostatic potential, and thermodynamic parameters of the 3 crystalline compounds were examined. The strong correlation between experimental IR spectra and theoretical NMR chemical shifts confirmed the accuracy of computational predictions. The molecular formulas of the 3 newly synthesized crystalline compounds, each containing different ligand molecules, were: C8H14O42(C6H4N2), C5H7N2NCS, and Ni(CN)42(C5H7N2)2(H2O) for compounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Crystallographic analysis showed that the compounds crystallize in the space groups P1, P21/n and C2/m, respectively. Their molecular packing is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds (C-H center dot center dot center dot O, O-H center dot center dot center dot N, N-H center dot center dot center dot N, N-H center dot center dot center dot S, O-H center dot center dot center dot N, and N-H center dot center dot center dot O) and noncovalent interactions (C-H center dot center dot center dot pi and pi center dot center dot center dot pi). Computational studies using Gaussian 03 and CrystalExplorer further elucidated their structural, magnetic, electrooptic, and electrochemical properties.Öğe Preferences for mechanical ventilation modes among intensivists in Türkiye: a nationwide point-prevalence study(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2026) Yildirim, Suleyman; Kilincozgun, Nurhayat; Alpdogan, Ozcan; Ucar, Huseyin; Taskiran, Imren; Ata, Adnan; Ozcan, OzhanBackground/aim: Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a fundamental intervention for patients with respiratory failure in intensive care units (ICUs). This nationwide, multicenter point-prevalence study aimed to describe current mechanical ventilation mode preferences (conventional, adaptive, and biphasic) in Turkish ICUs and to report associated clinical outcomes descriptively, without assessing causal relationships. Materials and methods: A nationwide, multicenter point-prevalence study was conducted on 17 April 2024 and included adult patients (>= 18 years) who had been receiving IMV for more than 24 h. Data on patient demographics, ventilation mode distribution, ventilatory parameters, and descriptive clinical outcomes on day 28 (weaning status, tracheostomy, and mortality) were recorded without comparative outcome analysis. Results: A total of 426 patients were included. Conventional modes were used in 84.5% of patients, adaptive modes in 10.6%, and biphasic modes in 4.9%. Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) was the most commonly used conventional mode. The primary indication for IMV was acute respiratory failure (61%), with pneumonia being the leading cause. Among the 350 orotracheally intubated patients, 25.6% were in the weaning phase on the study day. A total of 59 (16.9%) patients were extubated, 150 (42.9%) underwent tracheostomy, and 64 (18.2%) remained intubated on day 28. Overall, 185 (43.4%) patients died during their ICU stay, 152 (35.7%) remained in the ICU, and 89 (20.9%) were successfully discharged from the ICU. Conclusion: Conventional ventilation modes, particularly SIMV, were more commonly used in Turkish intensive care units (ICUs), whereas adaptive modes were less frequently applied. These patterns may reflect factors such as clinician familiarity, institutional practices, and equipment availability rather than definitive preferences. Although the impact of ventilation modes on clinical outcomes was not comparatively evaluated in this study, the choice of ventilation mode may still influence patient outcomes. Therefore, further prospective and comparative studies are warranted to better elucidate this relationship.Öğe The Effect of Yoga on Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in the Course of Pregnancy Period: A Meta-analysis Study(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Cuvadar, Ayse; Bas, Yeter Cuvadar; Yuceturk, Sibel; Ozcalkap, NurtenThis meta-analysis study was conducted to determine the level of effect of yoga applied during the prenatal period on anxiety, depression, and stress. For this study, research was conducted by screening the last 5 years of studies in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and YOK Thesis Center databases from February to June 2024. After reviewing the studies, seven researches were included in the study. The quality assessment of the studies was conducted using the quality assessment tool prepared according to the Randomized Controlled Trial design by The Joanna Briggs Institute. CMA Ver. 2 was used for data synthesis. The data were synthesized using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis methods. According to the results of the meta-analysis, it has been determined that yoga applied during the prenatal period is effective in reducing anxiety levels (SMD: -0.730, 95% CI: -1.287 to -0.173; Z = -2.567, P = 0.010, I2 = 79.498%). However, it was found that prenatal yoga did not have a statistically significant effect on depression (SMD: -2.137, 95% CI: -4.405-0.132; Z= -1.846, P = 0.065, I2 = 97.722%) and stress levels (SMD: -4.861, 95% CI: -10.861-1.139; Z= -1.588, P = 0.112, I2 = 98.569%). It is observed that yoga applied during the prenatal period is effective in reducing anxiety levels, but not effective in reducing depression and stress levels.Öğe Novel Adenine-Hydrazone Hybrids Against Human Lung Adenocarcinoma (A549): Design, Synthesis, Cellular Mechanistic Investigation and Molecular Docking Studies(Mdpi, 2026) Mentese, Emre; Caliskan, Nedime; Aksu, Didem; Emirik, Mustafa; Guner, Adem; Yilmaz, FatihBackground/Objectives: Adenine derivatives are promising anticancer scaffolds, but their cellular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to synthesize adenine-hydrazone hybrids and evaluate their cytotoxic effects in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. Methods: A series of adenine-hydrazone compounds (3a-r) was synthesized and tested for cytotoxicity in A549 and MRC-5 cells. Selected compounds were further analyzed for LDH release, oxidative stress markers, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell-cycle distribution, apoptosis, and in silico docking against VEGFR2, ALK5, and EGFR. Results: Compounds with electron-withdrawing or donor-acceptor substituents showed the highest cytotoxicity, while halogenated and methoxy analogs were moderately active. Among the synthesized derivatives, 4F-substituted derivatives (3c) showed more activity than 2F- and 3F-substituted ones (3a and 3b). 4F- and 3Br-substituted derivatives (3f) showed more activity than only 4F-substituted ones (3c). 4-Nitro-substituted derivative (3i) showed more activity than 4F- (3c), 4Cl- (3d) and 4OMe- (3h) derivatives. Trimethoxy-substituted derivative (3l) showed more activity than di- and mono-substituted methoxy derivatives (3g, 3h, 3j and 3k). Among the salicyl aldehydederivatives (3m-r), 4-N(et)2-substituted derivative (3r) showed more activity than non-substituted (3m), 5Br-(3n), 5Cl-(3o), 5Me (3p) and 3OCH3 (3q) derivatives. Treatment induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial depolarization, Sub-G1 cell-cycle accumulation, and apoptosis. Docking studies indicated strong binding to VEGFR2 and ALK5, suggesting dual inhibition as a potential mechanism. Conclusions: Adenine-hydrazone derivatives exert substituent-dependent anticancer effects by inducing redox imbalance-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and regulated cell death. These results highlight their potential as lead structures for lung cancer therapy.Öğe The Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Anaerobic Performance and Functional Strength in Female Soccer Players(Mdpi, 2025) Mor, Hakki; Mor, Ahmet; Abdioglu, Mekki; Tohanean, Dragos Ioan; Savu, Catalin Vasile; Acar, Gizem Ceylan; Moraru, Cristina ElenaBackground/Objectives: Despite extensive research on caffeine's (CAF's) ergogenic effects, evidence regarding its impact on anaerobic performance in female athletes remains limited and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of 6 mg/kg(-1) caffeine on anaerobic performance, functional strength, agility, and ball speed in female soccer players. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design was employed. Thirteen moderately trained female soccer players (age: 21.08 +/- 1.11 years; height: 161.69 +/- 6.30 cm; weight: 59.69 +/- 10.52 kg; body mass index (BMI): 22.77 +/- 3.50 kg/m(2); training age: 7.77 +/- 1.16 years; habitual caffeine intake: 319 +/- 160 mg/day) completed two experimental trials (caffeine vs. placebo (PLA)), separated by at least 48 h. Testing sessions included performance assessments in vertical jump (VJ), running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST), bilateral leg strength (LS), handgrip strength (HS), single hop for distance (SH), medial rotation (90 degrees) hop for distance (MRH), change of direction (COD), and ball speed. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was also recorded. Results: CAF ingestion significantly improved minimum (p = 0.011; d = 0.35) and average power (p = 0.007; d = 0.29) during RAST. A significant increase was also observed in SHR (single leg hop for distance right) performance (p = 0.045; d = 0.44). No significant differences were found in VJ, COD, ball speed, LS, HS, SHL, MRHR, or MRHL (p > 0.05). RPE showed a moderate effect size (d = 0.65) favoring the CAF condition, though not statistically significant (p = 0.110). Conclusions: In conclusion, acute CAF intake at a dose of 6 mg/kg(-1) may enhance anaerobic capacity and lower-limb functional strength in female soccer players, with no significant effects on jump height, agility, or upper-body strength.Öğe Seasonal Dynamics of Macroinvertebrate Communities in Offshore Mussel Aquaculture in the Southern Black Sea: Implications for Diversity (vol 15, 1471, 2025)(Mdpi, 2026) Cil, Eylem Aydemir[No abstract available]Öğe Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity and Molecular Modeling Studies of Some Novel Benzimidazolone-Bridged Hybrid Compounds(Mdpi, 2025) Guven, Okan; Mentese, Emre; Yilmaz, Fatih; Guner, Adem; Emirik, Mustafa; Caliskan, NedimeBackground/Objectives: Cancer is among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. In 2022 alone, the global cancer death toll stood at 9.74 million. Projections indicate that this figure will rise to 10.4 million by 2025. Methods: A new series of benzimidazolone-bridged hybrid compounds containing thiophene, furan, oxadiazole, piperazine, and coumarin moieties was synthesized and structurally characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR (APT), and elemental analysis. Their cytotoxic effects were evaluated by MTT assay against human lung (A549), human breast (MCF-7), and human cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines, and the non-cancerous HEK293 cell line after 48 h exposure over a concentration range of 0.5-250 mu M. IC50 values were determined, and Selectivity Indexes (SI) were calculated using HEK293 as the reference normal cell line. Molecular docking studies were carried out using the Glide XP protocol against VEGFR2 (PDB ID: 4ASD) and CDK4-Cyclin D3 (PDB ID: 7SJ3), with sorafenib and abemaciclib as reference inhibitors. Results: The results of anticancer activity were compared with doxorubicin (IC50 +/- SD (mu M)/SI: 4.3 +/- 0.2/1.20 for A549, 6.4 +/- 0.37/0.77 for MCF-7, 3.4 +/- 0.19/1.54 for HeLa), a drug used for cancer chemotherapy. The structures of the newly synthesized hybrid compounds were identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR (APT), and elemental analysis data. These hybrid compounds represent a promising class of anticancer agents. Several compounds demonstrated marked and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity across all cancer cell lines, with HeLa cells showing the highest overall sensitivity. The introduction of an oxadiazole ring (compound 7) and coumarin substituents (compounds 12b-12d) markedly improved anticancer activity and selectivity, yielding low-micromolar IC50 values in HeLa cells (10.6-13.6 mu M) and high Selectivity Indexes (SI = 2.0-3.63). Compound 6 also exhibited balanced potency across A549, MCF-7, and HeLa cells (IC50 = 28.3-31.2 mu M) with SI values >= 2.0. Compound 9 showed strong cytotoxicity across all cancer cell lines; its moderate SI values indicate lower discrimination between malignant and non-malignant cells. Taken together, these findings identified compounds 7, 12b-12d, 6, and 12c as the most promising benzimidazolone-based candidates, displaying both potent cytotoxicity and favorable selectivity over non-malignant HEK293 cells. Conclusions: Among the synthesized molecules, the oxadiazole derivative (7) and the coumarin-based hybrids (12b-12d) exhibited the strongest combination of cytotoxic activity and selectivity, reflected by their low IC50 values and high SI ratios. Notably, compound 12c combined strong biological activity with the highest predicted VEGFR2 affinity in the series, highlighting it as a particularly promising scaffold. While compound 9 exhibited excellent docking scores toward both VEGFR2 and CDK4, its lower selectivity suggests a need for further structural refinement. Overall, the biological and computational findings converge to identify these benzimidazolone hybrids as credible lead candidates for future anticancer optimization.Öğe Evaluating White Worm (Enchytraeus sp.) Culture Conditions and Zeolite Supplementation for Aquaculture Live Feed(Mdpi, 2025) Oz, Meryem; Bahtiyar, MehmetThis study aimed to determine the culture conditions and some anatomic features for using white worms (Enchytraeus sp.) as live feed in aquaculture. In the first experiment (Culture 1), coconut peat was used as the culture media and it was determined that, under approximately 21 degrees C, the population of the white worm species increased from 10 adult individuals to a total of 424 individuals (including both adults and juveniles) over a 70-day period. Unlike the first experimental stage (Culture 1), the second stage (Culture 2) was structured into three groups. In the second experiment (Culture 2), coconut peat was used as the culture media in the first (G1) and second experimental groups (G2), and zeolite with coconut peat in the third group (G3). The first (G1) and third experimental (G3) groups were fed a control diet, while the second group (G2) was fed a diet with 10% zeolite added to the control diet. In the 60-day study conducted during the culture-2 phase, the worm population, which initially consisted of 10 individuals, reached its highest values in Group 3. The use of zeolite as a substrate and feed additive for white worm culture was investigated for the first time, and original data were obtained that will contribute to filling the gap in the literature. Furthermore, the aquarium filtration sponge used in addition to the culture soil was determined to be a suitable substrate material for collecting cocoon data. The findings of this study provide new supporting data that will fill gaps in the literature regarding materials and methods that contribute positively to white worm culture conditions.Öğe Pipecolic Acid, a Drought Stress Modulator, Boosts Chlorophyll Assimilation, Photosynthetic Performance, Redox Homeostasis, and Osmotic Adjustment of Drought-Affected Hordeum vulgare L. Seedlings(Mdpi, 2025) Aktas, Nagihan; Farouk, Saad; Al-Ghamdi, Amal Ahmed Mohammed; Alenazi, Ahmed S.; Almalki, Mona Abdulaziz Labeed; Dinler, Burcu SeckinWhile pipecolic acid (Pip) mediates morpho-physiological and molecular responses during biotic stress, its roles under drought remain an inexpressible mystery. The investigation aimed to elucidate the roles of a 30 mu M Pip pretreatment in alleviating drought injury on barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv, B & uuml;lb & uuml;l89) seedlings. Pip pretreatment under normal or drought conditions lowered the osmotic potential (Psi s) and water saturation deficit (WSD), while optimizing the relative water content (RWC), triggered osmotically energetic molecules (OEM) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, improving osmotic adjustment (OA), and boosting water retention and uptake capacity (WTC, and WUC), alongwith a considerable improvement in seedling growth over non-treated plants under such conditions. Additionally, Pip pretreatment improved chlorophyll (Chl), the chlorophyll stability index (CSI), pheophytina, chlorophyllidea (chlidea), chlorophyllideb (chlideb), chla/chlidea, chlb/chlideb, protoporphyrin, Mg-protoporphyrin, protochlorophyllide, and photosynthetic performance over non-treated plants under such conditions. Pip pretreatment preserves redox homeostasis in drought-stressed plants by accumulating antioxidant solutes alongside the activation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase over non-treated plants. Drought distinctly reduced Psi s (more negative), RWC, photosynthetic pigment, CSI, chlorophyll assimilation intermediate, and photosynthetic performance, with an increment in chlorophyll degradation intermediate and nonenzymatic antioxidant solutes. Drought maintains OA capacity via a hyper-accumulation of OEM and SA, which results in higher WSD, WTC, and WUC. Drought triggered an oxidative burst, which was associated with a decline in the membrane stability index. These findings highlight Pip's capability for lessening drought stress-induced restriction in barley seedlings via bolstering oxidative homeostasis, OA capacity, and stabilizing chlorophyll biosynthesis. Future research must elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms underlying Pip's action in alleviating drought injury.Öğe CD44 Targeting of Cisplatin-Loaded Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Lung Adenocarcinoma: Synthesis, Characterization, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation(Mdpi, 2026) Guler, Cem; Gelen, S. Sacide; Sanci, Ebru; Buhur, Aylin; Tikir, H. Ece; Nalbantsoy, Ayse; Guner, AdemBackground/Objectives: Cisplatin (CDDP) is widely used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its clinical efficacy is limited by severe systemic toxicity. Hyaluronic acid (HA) modification enables the targeting of CD44-overexpressing cancer cells, enhances biocompatibility, provides controlled drug release, and prolongs systemic circulation. This study aimed to develop high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid-modified, cisplatin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HA-MSN-CDDP) to selectively target CD44-overexpressing lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: HA-MSN-CDDP nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method and characterized by FTIR, DLS, SEM, and TEM methods. Antitumor efficacy was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo xenograft lung cancer models in mice. Results: HA modification enabled controlled and sustained release of cisplatin from the HA-MSN-CDDP drug delivery system. Through HA-mediated receptor-dependent endocytosis, the nanoparticles exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and selective cytotoxicity toward CD44-positive cells. HA-MSN-CDDP significantly reduced the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative stress effects of free cisplatin on healthy cells while markedly enhancing apoptosis in A549-Luc-C8 cells. The system showed excellent hemocompatibility, supporting its potential for intravenous use. In vivo, HA-MSN-CDDP effectively suppressed tumor growth, mitigated lipid peroxidation, and preserved antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) in major organs. Histological analyses confirmed reduced cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Conclusions: HA-MSN-CDDP demonstrates strong potential as a targeted chemotherapeutic platform for NSCLC, combining high antitumor efficacy with reduced systemic toxicity.Öğe Mechanical Characterization and Interface Evaluation of Multi-Material Composites Manufactured by Hybrid Fused Deposition Modeling (HFDM)(Mdpi, 2025) Dagli, SalihIn this study, the mechanical behavior and interfacial bonding characteristics of multi-material composites produced using the Hybrid Fused Deposition Modeling (HFDM) technique were systematically investigated. Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG), and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filaments were utilized within a single structure to explore the effects of material combinations on mechanical performance. Specimens were fabricated using two distinct levels of infill density (50-100%) and raster angle (45-90 degrees) to evaluate the influence of these parameters on tensile strength, flexural resistance, and impact toughness. Experimental tests were conducted following ASTM standards, and microstructural examinations were performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to assess interfacial adhesion between different polymers. The results revealed that PETG demonstrated the highest tensile strength among single-material samples, while the PLA-PETG-ABS configuration exhibited notable mechanical stability among hybrid structures. Increasing infill density and raster angle significantly enhanced mechanical performance across all configurations. SEM analyses confirmed that interfacial bonding quality critically affected structural integrity, with better adhesion observed in PLA-PETG interfaces compared to PLA-ABS transitions. The potential of HFDM in developing tailored multi-material components with optimized mechanical properties offers valuable insights for the advancement of functional additive manufacturing applications in engineering fields.Öğe Methodological Approach to Predicting Lower Limb Blood Flow Restriction Pressure Using Anthropometry and Hemodynamics(Mdpi, 2025) Yasar, Onur Mutlu; Gurses, Veli Volkan; Cigerci, Ali Erdem; Guler, Ozkan; Turgut, Murat; Gurkan, Oguz; Bas, MustafaBlood flow restriction (BFR) training, first introduced by Dr. Yoshiaki Sato as KAATSU, has attracted increasing interest in sports science. Although the BFR training method has several additional benefits, the way occlusion pressure is identified contributes to BFR usability and safety. This study aims to develop and validate a predictive model for estimating individualized LOP with manual technique by examining the influence of blood pressure, fat percentage, limb circumference, and BMI as independent variables. A total of 158 healthy male adults participated in the study. Subjects with cardiovascular, metabolic, or musculoskeletal disorders, as well as those using supplements, medications, or nicotine, were excluded from the study. The cross-sectional study examined the correlation between the variables and derived a regression equation for predicting the corresponding LOP and anthropometric values. Three measurements were taken and the arithmetic mean was calculated from these measurements. It is evident that body mass index (BMI) emerged as a significant contributing factor in predicting limb occlusion pressure (LOP), outpacing traditional anthropometric variables such as limb circumference or body fat percentage. The regression model accounted for 18% of the variance in LOP (R2 = 0.18), with a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 20.5 mmHg, suggesting moderate predictive capacity. Future work should investigate vascular factors and technological development in BFR devices for optimal pressure calibration to improve the efficacy of individualized BFR training.Öğe Nanoemulsion Hydrogel Delivery System of Hypericum perforatum L.: In Silico Design, In Vitro Antimicrobial-Toxicological Profiling, and In Vivo Wound-Healing Evaluation(Mdpi, 2025) Kurt, Ahmet Arif; Ibrahim, Bashar; Cinar, Harun; Atsu, Ayse Nilhan; Bursalioglu, Ertugrul Osman; Bayir, Ismail; Ozmen, OezlemHypericum perforatum L. (H.P.), a plant renowned for its wound-healing properties, was investigated for antioxidant/antimicrobial efficacy, toxicological safety, and in vivo wound-healing effects in this research to develop and characterize novel nanoemulsion hydrogel (NG) formulations. NG were prepared via emulsion diffusion-solvent evaporation and polymer hydration using Cremophor RH40 and Ultrez 21/30. A D-optimal design optimized oil/surfactant ratios, considering particle size, PDI, and drug loading. Antioxidant activity was tested via DPPH, ABTS+, and FRAP. Toxicological assessment followed HET-CAM (ICH-endorsed) and ICCVAM guidelines. The optimized NG-2 (NE-HPM-10 + U30 0.5%) demonstrated stable and pseudoplastic flow, with a particle size of 174.8 nm, PDI of 0.274, zeta potential of -23.3 mV, and 99.83% drug loading. Release followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. H.P. macerates/NEs showed potent antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50: 28.4 mu g/mL; FRAP: 1.8 mmol, Fe2+/g: 0.3703 +/- 0.041 mM TE/g). Antimicrobial effects against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC: 12.5 mu g/mL) and E. coli (MIC: 25 mu g/mL) were significant. Stability studies showed no degradation. HET-CAM tests confirmed biocompatibility. Histopathology revealed accelerated re-epithelialization/collagen synthesis, with upregulated TGF-beta 1. The NG-2 formulation demonstrated robust antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing efficacy. Enhanced antibacterial activity and biocompatibility highlight its therapeutic potential. Clinical/pathological evaluations validated tissue regeneration without adverse effects, positioning H.P.-based nanoemulsions as promising for advanced wound care.Öğe Radiologist- and Surgeon-Performed Ultrasound (RSUS) Facilitates Minimally İnvasive Parathyroidectomy (MIP): Optimal Biochemical Parameters and Patient Outcomes(Mdpi, 2025) Mutlu, Vahit; Yuksek, Mahmut Arif; Pekkolay, Zafer; Yegin, Zeynep; Yildirim, Ibrahim Halil; Uslukaya, OmerBackground/Objectives: The high success rate of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) is dependent upon the correct preoperative localization of the solitary parathyroid adenoma (SPA). Various studies have focused on comparisons of radiologist-performed ultrasound (RUS) and surgeon-performed ultrasound (SUS) to increase the sensitivity rate of US. However, the efficiency of radiologist- and surgeon-performed ultrasound (RSUS) before MIP has not frequently been reported. We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of RSUS in clinical practice. Methods: In total, 122 patients (107 females, 15 males, mean age: 47.62 +/- 15.75 years) with SPA were enrolled in our study design. The patients underwent preoperative ultrasonography (US) and technetium-99-sestamibi scintigraphy. Patient data including demographic characteristics, levels of biochemical parameters (parathyroid hormone (PTH), total serum calcium and phosphorus levels), operation time, and length of hospital stay were recorded. Results: MIP was performed with success under local anesthesia following the accurate localization of the adenomas by RSUS. The mean operation time was 20.00 +/- 3.87 min. The mean preoperative serum PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels were 525.69 +/- 1050.92 pg/mL, 11.38 +/- 1.22 mg/dL, and 2.53 +/- 0.60 mg/dL, respectively. The decline in the perioperative PTH and calcium levels reflecting a cure was observed on the first postoperative day. Postoperative sixth month evaluations of the PTH and calcium levels confirmed the significant decrease, reflecting the therapeutic cure. Since no complications occurred, the hospital discharge process was carried out on the same day. Conclusions: RSUS is a beneficial adjunctive tool to facilitate MIP, and it achieved satisfactory therapeutic success in all the patients.Öğe Gum Arabic Modulates Redox-Ionic Microenvironments via Rheology and Kinetics to Induce Selective Cytotoxicity in Colorectal Cancer Cells(Mdpi, 2026) Cebeci, Emre; Yuksel, Busra; Aliusta, Reyhan; Yilmaz, Sahin; Bursalioglu, Ertugrul Osman; Bozyel, Mustafa Eray; Gokce, Halise BetulBackground: Gum Arabic (GA) is a natural polysaccharide widely recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its functional behavior as a biopolymeric gel and the mechanisms underlying its selective effects on cancer-related redox microenvironments remain insufficiently characterized. It is imperative to note that the interaction between its physicochemical properties and its biological activity in colorectal cancer remains to be fully clarified. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the antineoplastic potential of GA in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (HT-29 and HCT-116) compared to normal fibroblasts (MRC-5) using the MTS assay. Oxidative stress-related molecular responses were assessed by quantitative PCR analysis of GPX4, GSTA2, CAT, NFKB, and SOD1 expression. In parallel, extracellular concentrations of key metal ions (Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, and Al3+) were quantified following GA exposure. To establish its functional gel characteristics, rheological measurements were performed to assess viscosity and shear-dependent behavior, and USP-compliant in vitro kinetic studies were conducted to evaluate time-dependent release properties. Results: GA induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HT-29 and HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, while MRC-5 fibroblasts exhibited comparatively higher viability across the tested concentration range, indicating reduced sensitivity in normal cells. Rheological analysis revealed concentration- and ion-dependent viscoelastic behavior, identifying a 10% (w/w) GA formulation as optimal due to its balanced low-shear viscosity and controlled shear-thinning properties. Kinetic studies demonstrated a defined, diffusion-governed release profile under physiologically relevant conditions. At the molecular level, significant upregulation of GPX4 and GSTA2 was observed in both cancer cell lines, whereas NFKB expression increased selectively in HT-29 cells, with no notable changes in CAT or SOD1 expression. Additionally, GA treatment resulted in marked increases in Fe2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ levels, indicating modulation of the redox-ionic microenvironment. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that GA functions as a natural, ion-responsive biopolymeric system with defined rheological and kinetic properties, capable of selectively targeting colorectal cancer cells through coordinated genetic and ionic regulation of oxidative stress. Collectively, the results position GA as a promising functional gel-based platform for future redox-modulated therapeutic strategies in colorectal cancer.Öğe The Prevalence of Previous Coronavirus Disease-19 in Patients with Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Its Effect on Embolism Severity(Mdpi, 2025) Kocak, Nagihan Durmus; Tutar, Nuri; Cil, Gizem; Afsin, Emine; Senturk, Aysegul; Aydin, Derya; Mermit, BuketBackground/Objectives: The association between past coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a potential research topic. We aimed to research the prevalence of previous COVID-19 infection in patients with PTE and to determine whether there is a difference in embolism severity in these cases. Methods: Study design: Multicenter, observational, cross-sectional. Patients diagnosed with PTE between 11 March 2022 and 11 March 2023 were prospectively included in this study, excluding cases with PTE along with active COVID-19, patients under the age of 18, and pregnant patients. Group 1 consisted of PTE cases with previous COVID-19, and Group 2 consisted of PTE cases without previous COVID-19. Key variables are D-Dimer level, right ventricle/left ventricle (RV/LV) ratio, simplified pulmonary embolism severity score, and treatment type. Results: A total of 1185 patients (Group 1; n = 360, Group 2; n = 825) were included in this study. The proportion of patients with RV/LV ratio > 1 on computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was significantly high in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (27.9% vs. 19.7%, p = 0.003). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the absence of any identifiable risk factor for PTE was found to be a 0.46-fold protective factor in the presence of previous COVID-19 (OR: 0.456 95% CI: 0.274-0.760, Wald = 9.070, df = 1, p = 0.003) and an RV/LV ratio > 1 on CTPA was found to be a 0.60-fold protective factor (OR: 0.603, 95% CI: 0.365-0.998, Wald = 3.874, df = 1, p = 0.049). Conclusions: The prevalence of previous COVID-19 infection in PTE cases was 30.4%, and 26.3% of idiopathic cases had previous COVID-19 infection. Although the parameters related to embolism severity were higher in the non-COVID-19 group, multivariate analyses revealed a 2.2-fold increased risk for idiopathic PTE and a 1.7-fold increased risk for RV/LV ratio > 1 on CTPA in patients without COVID-19 compared to those with prior COVID-19.Öğe Emergency Department Prediction of In-Hospital Mortality in Suspected Pulmonary Embolism: An Explainable Machine Learning Approach(Mdpi, 2026) Findik, Meliha; Alatli, Tufan; Kocaoglu, Salih; Gelen, Yeltug Esra; Tas, Rahime SemaBackground: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant cause of cardiovascular mortality, and emergency department (ED) management requires early risk assessment to guide monitoring and disposition. Because key decisions are often needed while diagnostic evaluation is ongoing, the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) may provide limited discrimination for in-hospital outcomes. We evaluated whether explainable machine-learning (ML) models integrating routine ED variables with validated risk scores can predict in-hospital mortality in adults evaluated for suspected acute PE. Methods: A retrospective single-center cohort study was performed, including 220 consecutive adults evaluated for suspected acute PE in the ED between January 2021 and March 2025, comprising both PE-confirmed and PE-excluded cases. Predictors included demographics, vital signs, arterial blood gas indices, available imaging/echocardiographic findings, and Wells, Revised Geneva, and sPESI scores. Seven ML algorithms were trained and internally evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and complementary metrics. Model interpretability was assessed using SHAP (SHAPley Additive exPlanations), and a sensitivity analysis was conducted in the PE-confirmed subgroup. Results: Tree-based ensemble models demonstrated higher discrimination for in-hospital all-cause mortality than simpler classifiers. SHAP analyses consistently highlighted sPESI, oxygenation/arterial blood gas indices, and malignancy as key contributors to mortality risk. Findings were similar in the PE-confirmed sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: Explainable ML models combining established risk scores with routinely collected ED variables may complement risk stratification along the suspected-PE pathway. External multicenter validation and prospective impact studies are warranted before clinical implementation.Öğe Eco-Friendly Management of Acanthoscelides obtectus Through Individual and Combined Applications of 1,8-Cineole and Diatomaceous Earth(Mdpi, 2026) Sonmez, EvrimWith growing concerns about chemical insecticides, there is also growing interest in safer, natural alternatives. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of two promising eco-friendly alternatives, diatomaceous earth (DE) and 1,8-cineole, a plant-based essential oil component, on adults of Acanthoscelides obtectus under laboratory conditions. Against the maximum doses of both products (DE 800 ppm, 1,8-cineole 5 ppm), A. obtectus showed 100% mortality within the first 24 h. Although mortality at lower doses (DE 25, 50, 100 ppm, 1,8-cineole 0.600, 1.2 ppm) began from the first day, it was not as effective. In the combined application of 200 ppm DE and 2.5 ppm 1,8-cineole, the mortality rate was 73.33 +/- 8.81%, representing the most effective outcome achieved with the application of relatively low doses of DE and 1,8-cineole. No F1 progeny was observed at any dose of DE or in the combined applications. In contrast, F1 progeny occurred only at three doses of 1,8-cineole (0.150, 0.300, and 0.600 ppm); however, the number of eggs and emerging adults was markedly lower than in the control group and showed a statistically significant difference. Overall, the results obtained from DE alone and DE + 1,8-cineole applications were more effective.
