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Öğe On Direct Estimates and Approximation Results by the Kantorovich Operators in Weighted Grand Lebesgue Spaces(Padova Univ Press, 2026) Aydin, Ismail; Akgun, RamazanWe give some new embeddings results for weighted grand Lebesgue spaces L-omega(p)),delta (Omega), where Omega subset of R-d is a open bounded subset. We also obtain the boundedness of the Kantorovich operator K-n in L-omega(p),delta) [0, 1]. In addition, we establish two direct estimates by K-functionals of the rate of approximation in L-omega(p),delta) [0,1].We generalize the direct estimate inequality in classical Lebesgue spaces L-p [0,1] to L-omega(p),delta)[0,1] using the boundedness of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator in L-omega(p),delta) [0,1]. Finally, we obtain similar results in [8] for the spaces L-omega(p),delta) [0,1].Öğe SURVEILLANCE OR SUPPORT? A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SUPPORTED PROCTORED ONLINE EXAMS(Anadolu Univ, 2026) Ustun, Aysin Gaye; Kayali, Bunyami; Yavuz, Mehmet; Bozkurt, ArasProctored online exams have become widespread, especially after COVID-19, increasing exam security and efficiency. In recent years, artificial intelligence developments have increased these systems' importance by expanding their use. Accordingly, this study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the conceptual structure of artificial intelligence-supported proctored online examination (AI-SPOE) research. Systematic literature review and text mining were used as methods. Thirty-two studies in Scopus and Web of Science databases were analyzed according to the PRISMA technique. While all the studies were examined in the context of content analysis, abstracts and keywords of the relevant studies were analyzed by text mining. The current study found it effective in increasing academic integrity and exam security, but problems such as privacy violations, exam anxiety, and algorithmic biases were encountered. Although methods such as biometric verification and behaviour analysis successfully detect cheating, technical difficulties, and false positives negatively affect the user experience. In the future, more inclusive designs, transparent algorithms, and alternative evaluation methods are suggested. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the potential of AI-SPOE systems and highlights the importance of ethical and technical improvements.Öğe Approximation Results on an Infinite Interval Based on Power Series Statistical Sense(Padova Univ Press, 2025) Yildiz, Sevda; Demirci, Kamil; Dirik, FadimeThis paper introduces a new approximation theorem, type of Korovkin, for positive linear operators (pLO) defined on the Banach space C-* [0, infinity) comprising all real-valued continuous functions on [0, infinity) that converge to a finite limit as their argument approaches infinity. By applying statistical convergence with respect to power series methods and employing the test functions 1, exp(-u) and exp(-2u), we derive a novel approximation result. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms classical and statistical approaches, as illustrated by a concrete example. Furthermore, we explore the rate of convergence associated with this new approximation theorem.Öğe From the People, Against the People: Banditry in Turkey during the National Struggle(Osman Kose, 2025) Tekir, Suleyman; Balaban, TugrulWhen the phenomenon of banditry is analyzed from a historical perspective, it is considered as movements that emerge from within the public against the social order and paradoxically manifest themselves against the public and encompass collective rebellion. Due to their local character and limited organizational capacity, these organizations could not evolve into a sustainable resistance movement and were systematically liquidated by the state mechanism. This study analyzes the activities of gang and bandit groups operating in Turkey during the National Struggle in the period 1920-1924 based on archival documents. During the period of the War of Independence, politically motivated rebellion movements that emerged with the provocation and encouragement of external actors stand out. Although banditry cases, which can be categorized as ordinary banditry, were considered as isolated incidents, these activities emerged as the dominant factor threatening the social order of the country. Banditry acquired a dichotomous character in the period in question: Organizations that supported the National Struggle and those that acted under the influence of external factors. These two new movements replaced the traditional banditry paradigm.Öğe Association of Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-K18 Variant with Bipolar Disorder Type I(Korean Coll Neuropsychopharmacology, 2025) Yegin, Zeynep; Sarisoy, Gokhan; Avsar, Cumhur; Aral, Ayse Erguner; Koc, HaydarObjective: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and associated sequences occupy similar to 8% of the human genome and dysregulation of HERV transcripts may have significant impacts on human health including psychiatric disorders. HERV-K18 is still active in the human genome and its envelope gene encodes a superantigen (SAg) which may result in deregulation of the immune system. In the study, the possible associations of the two variants localized in the SAg-coding region of HERV-K18 with bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) were evaluated. Methods: The subjects included 100 patients with BD-I and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The effects of the two HERV-K18 variants (HERV-8594 and HERV-8914) were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The possible associations of the genotypes/alleles in BD-I patients with several clinical and demographic data were also evaluated. Results: HERV-8914 TT genotype had approximately 5.36 times higher risk of BD-I than those with the CC genotype (odds ratio, 5.386; 95% confidence interval, 1.602-18.110). Moreover, the prevalence of the CC genotype in patients with hypomania (31.25%) was found to be higher than that observed in patients without hypomania (10.71%) (Fisher's Conclusion: This is the first study implying that HERV-K18 variations may be associated with the pathogenesis of BD-I.Öğe Fuzzy Two Point Boundary Value Problem with Linear System(Soc Paranaense Matematica, 2025) Ceylan, TahirIn this manuscript we present two different methods of solving second order linear differential equation that has fuzzy boundary conditions. First, by taking each fuzzy boundary point of the fuzzy boundary value problem (FBVP) as the fuzzy initial point, we will obtain two separate fuzzy initial value problems (FIVPs). Second, we solve each of these FIVPs using the system of differential equations. We provide fuzzy solutions for this system based on an extension of the classical solution via Zadeh's extension principle. We present an example in order to compare the proposed solution.Öğe Reproductive dynamics of Diplostraca in the Black Sea: insights from Hamsilos Bay, Sinop, Tükyrie(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Ustun, FundaIn the coastal marine ecosystem of the Black Sea, Diplostraca is the second most dominant mesozooplankton after Copepoda. Its parthenogenetic reproductive strategy enables significant population growth from spring (March) to fall (December), contributing substantially to mesozooplankton abundance. This study investigated the fecundity, embryonic development stages, and population structure of four of Diplostraca species in Hamsilos Bay: Evadne spinifera, Pleopis polyphemoides, Penilia avirostris, and Pseudevadne parthenogenetic females were dominant, reaching up to 100% of the population. Gamogenetic females, females without embryos, and males constituted 23%, 33%, and 9% of the population, respectively. Embryonic development stages were species-specific: stage A embryos were predominant in Ps. tergestina, Pl. polyphemoides, and E. spinifera, whereas stage C embryos were most common in Pe. avirostris. The ultimate stage, stage D, was rare across all species. The number of embryos per parthenogenetic female varied from parthenogenesis, enhancing their contribution to the mesozooplankton community in Hamsilos Bay. The number of embryos observed was lower compared to a similar study performed in the Marmara Sea, possibly due to distinct regional environmental differences such as nutrient availability and temperature. This study bridges a critical gap in understanding the reproductive dynamics of Diplostraca in semienclosed seas and factors affecting them, establishing a valuable reference for future research.Öğe Global Research Trends in Wood Pellets, a Renewable Energy Source: A Bibliometric Analysis(Lukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Inst Technology, 2026) Akyuz, Ilker; Ersen, Nadir; Bardak, Selahattin; Polat, Kinyas; Acar, MustafaDue to global warming and climate change, more importance has started to be attached to renewable energy sources as alternatives to fossil fuels. Wood pellets are among the renewable energy sources, and have been the subject of a growing number of studies. Therefore, developments and trends in research on wood pellets can be determined through bibliometric analysis of publications. This study explores the current status and hot topics of research on wood pellets using performance analysis and scientific mapping based on publications from 1980-2023. For this purpose, we carried out a bibliometric analysis of 758 publications in the Web of Science database scanned with the keywords wood and pellets. The numbers of publications and citations on wood pellets have grown steadily over the years, with 67% of publications and 89% of citations coming in the last decade. A total of 2,294 authors from 884 organizations and six continents have contributed publications in the field of wood pellets. The University of British Columbia (Canada) and the United States Department of Energy (USA) were the institutions with the most numerous and the most cited publications. Sokhansanj Shahab from the University of British Columbia was the most active and most cited author. The published literature has focused on three topics: biomass, bioenergy, and combustion. As a result, this study will provide a general perspective for future research relating to wood pellets.Öğe Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical study of new cocrystals and charge-transfer compounds(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Sahin, Zarife Sibel; Kartal, ZekiThis study used single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, theoretical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and theoretical ultraviolet spectroscopy to characterize 3 newly synthesized crystalline compounds. Additionally, the nonlinear optical, highest occupied molecular orbital energies, lowest occupied molecular orbital energies, band gap, molecular electrostatic potential, and thermodynamic parameters of the 3 crystalline compounds were examined. The strong correlation between experimental IR spectra and theoretical NMR chemical shifts confirmed the accuracy of computational predictions. The molecular formulas of the 3 newly synthesized crystalline compounds, each containing different ligand molecules, were: C8H14O42(C6H4N2), C5H7N2NCS, and Ni(CN)42(C5H7N2)2(H2O) for compounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Crystallographic analysis showed that the compounds crystallize in the space groups P1, P21/n and C2/m, respectively. Their molecular packing is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds (C-H center dot center dot center dot O, O-H center dot center dot center dot N, N-H center dot center dot center dot N, N-H center dot center dot center dot S, O-H center dot center dot center dot N, and N-H center dot center dot center dot O) and noncovalent interactions (C-H center dot center dot center dot pi and pi center dot center dot center dot pi). Computational studies using Gaussian 03 and CrystalExplorer further elucidated their structural, magnetic, electrooptic, and electrochemical properties.Öğe Understanding the physiological effects of climate change on agricultural pests(Univ Zagreb, Fac Agriculture, 2025) Sonmez, EvrimThe increase in global average surface temperatures due to anthropogenic activities and the resulting climate change affects ecosystems in various ways. Melting glaciers and rising sea levels, loss of biodiversity, increasing intensity and frequency of floods and storms, drought in some parts of the world, the inability to sustain agricultural activities, and the threat to food security have become multi-faceted and very difficult to solve. Climate change affects all living organisms and has negative effects on agricultural pests. Insects respond to temperature increases by expanding their geographical distribution, increasing their voltinism and changes in their phenology. Climate change may affect the interactions of insect species with other species at higher and lower trophic levels. These climate-induced impacts are highly complex and variable, sometimes increasing pest pressure or reducing pollination. The effects of climate change are already being seriously observed today, and these effects are expected to become even more severe in the coming years. With many climate projections, it is already possible to predict a number of negative scenarios that could happen in the future due to rising global temperatures. Despite growing efforts to combat the impacts of climate change through adaptation and mitigation strategies, scientists emphasise that humanity is only at the beginning of a long and complex journey. This study highlights the potential impacts of climate change on insect physiology. Selected studies on climate change and its effects on agricultural pests in recent years are brought together to present possible future scenarios.Öğe New insights into the monogenean fauna and host-parasite associations of cyprinoid fishes from the Karakaya Dam Lake on the Euphrates river, Türkiye: First records(Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2026) Guven, Arzu; Ozturk, TurkayThis is the first study on monogenean ectoparasites of five cyprinoid fish species Cyprinus carpio, Carassius gibelio, Carassius auratus, Acanthobrama marmid and Chondrostoma regium in the Karakaya Dam Lake, on the Euphrates river. Fish species were obtained from a commercial fisherman in the period from December 2024 to June 2025. Ten gill monogenean parasites belonging to three different genera (Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus, Eudiplozoon) were identified. These are Dactylogyrus anchoratus, D. anoigeus D. achmerowi D. extensus, D. elegantis, D. sphyrna, D. vistulae, Eudiplozoon nipponicum, Gyrodactylus sprostonae and Gyrodactylus sp. The percentage of occurrence, mean intensity and abundance values of the identified monogenean species in their hosts were calculated. The similarity of the monogenean parasite fauna of five cyprinoid fish species was compared. The most common monogenean species is D. anchoratus, which has been identified in Carasius auratus, C. gibelio and C. carpio. All the monogenean species were recorded for the first time in the Karakaya Dam Lake. Dactylogyrus anoigeus and D. achmerowi are new records for Turkish fish parasite fauna, while E. nipponicum for A. marmid and C. gibelio, D. sphyrna for A. marmid are a new parasite records. Furthermore, the D. extensus and G. sprostonae on C. auratus is reported for the first time in T & uuml;rkiye.Öğe A WORK ATTRIBUTED TO ABDULLAH BOSNEVI: RUSTEM PASHA-ZADE HUSEYIN'S COMMENTARY ON QASIDA AL-MUNFARIJA(Burhan Caglar, 2025) Akdag, AhmetRustem Pasha-zade Huseyin was a scholar and poet who lived from the second half of the 16th century to the first quarter of the 17th century. Having received a good education, he served in various madrasas of his time and gained renown both for his commentaries and poetry. One of his most significant works is a commentary on Ibnu'n-Nahvi's famous Qasicla aLMunfarija. Numerous manuscript copies of this commentary exist in manuscript libraries, and it has been published as a master's thesis. One of these manuscripts housed in the Suleymaniye Library (Ayasofya 2077/6) contains Qasicla al-Munfarija bound together with works by Abdullah Bosnevi. Hence, in the secondary literature the commentary on Qasicla al-Munfarija has been mistakenly attributed to Abdullah Bosnevi. This paper seeks to correct this misattributionÖğe Effects of cadmium, copper, and zinc on germination and post-germination growth of chia seeds(Univ Zagreb, Fac Agriculture, 2025) Kichchou, Ilyass; Idahmed, Khalid; Farouk, Saad; El Modafar, Cherkaoui; Chakhchar, AbdelghaniIn recentyears, concerns regarding environmental pollution and its impact on agricultural production have intensified due to the ongoing dispersal of heavy metals. This study investigated the ecotoxicological effects of three heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) on the germination and post-germination growth of chia (Salvia hispanica). Except for the notable 18.2% decrease in germination rate with Zn treatment on the first day, the germination rates of metallic-stressed chia seeds did not significantly differ from the control for the other metals. However, the parameters related to post-germination growth were negatively impacted in varied ways by the metal treatments, causing a significant hindrance in radicle elongation (ranging from 56.3% to 81.6%) and hypocotyl elongation (from 27.1% to 76.5%), as well as a notable decrease in both fresh and dry biomasses. The most significant reduction in radicle and hypocotyl elongation occurred with Zn and Cd treatment. The largest decrease in fresh and dry biomass was seen in the radicle and hypocotyl under Zn exposure. The tolerance index demonstrated that chia showed the greatest ecotoxicological tolerance to Cu, followed by Cd and Zn. This suggests that chia has potential for cultivation in polluted areas, particularly those contaminated with Cu.Öğe Chlorella vulgaris measurements using full-spectrum goniometer for optically complex inland water monitoring(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2026) Gurbuzer, Pinar; Leloglu, Ugur MuratRising environmental stressors, including climate change, nutrient loading, pollution, and anthropogenic impacts, have made the continuous monitoring of lake water quality increasingly essential. While in situ methods offer high precision, satellite-based remote sensing is essential for capturing large-scale, long-term changes and accessing remote or extreme environments. To complement these approaches, we developed a cost-effective in situ optical measurement system specifically designed for optically complex inland waters. The instrument enables detailed optical characterization across scattering angles from 0 degrees to 160 degrees and wavelengths between 423 and 728 nm, covering both visible and near-infrared regions. Initial validation was performed using monocultures of Chlorella vulgaris, a well-established model organism for chlorophyll-a optical studies. As a result of laboratory measurements of C. vulgaris monocultures using a spectral goniometer, forward and backward scattering profiles, polarization characteristics, three-dimensional patterns, volume scattering functions, and radiant intensities at 90 degrees across Sentinel-3 OLCI bands toward density changes were modeled. The results confirmed Mie scattering dominance in line with the theoretical expectations. Overall, the developed full-spectrum goniometer can serve as a reliable and practical tool for in situ optical monitoring.Öğe Current perspectives on the role of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene variants in panic disorder: associations with disease liability and separation anxiety(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2026) Yegin, Zeynep; Sarisoy, Gokhan; Uzun, Ahmet; Altinisik, YasinIntroduction: Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene variations are associated with empathy, trust, emotional stability, stress reactivity, social bonding and attachment behaviors. We aimed to explore the impact of three OXTR gene variations (rs53576, rs237902, rs2254298) in susceptibility to panic disorder (PD). We also investigated the possible effects of these variants on separation anxiety scale scores in patients, with a comprehensive approach covering environmental adversity effects. Material and methods: The hypothesis was studied in PD patients and healthy controls with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. By applying the Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI) and the Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA), the relationships between the OXTR gene variants and these scales were also evaluated comprehensively. Results: A statistically significant association was found for OXTR rs237902; presence of the A allele was associated with a 1.585-fold increase in probability of PD. Moreover, all of the analyzed OXTR variants were found to be associated with childhood and adult separation anxiety in the patients in the combined analyses of various demographic and clinical data; striking associations of AA genotype with SASI and ASA scores were observed in these models. Conclusions: The study supports the involvement of oxytocinergic gene variants in PD. It also represents one of the most comprehensive models examining gene-environment (G & times; E) interactions in this context.Öğe Avlona-Alonia: A New Extra-Urban Sanctuary in Northwest Cyprus(Koc Univ Suna & Inan Kirac Res Ctr Mediterranean Civilizations-Akmed, 2025) Kaba, HazarThis study presents the initial examination of a recently discovered sanctuary at Alonia, situated in Northwest Cyprus. Unearthed during a rescue excavation in 2014, the site reveals diverse artifacts, including votive figurines, statues, and various architectural elements, primarily from the Cypro-Archaic to early Roman periods. The sanctuary's architecture and its strategic location on fertile land align with characteristics of extra-urban Cypriot sanctuaries, therefore offering insights into the socioreligious landscape of ancient Cyprus. Analysis of the artifact corpus highlights the shifts in the sanctuary's votive practices, suggesting transitions from elite ideological displays to more localized ritual activities that were eventually repurposed in the Roman era for secular functions. This paper underscores Alonia's role in regional religious practices and hints at broader political and social dynamics across Cypriot sanctuaries, thus paving the way for future investigations into its architectural and ritualistic evolution.Öğe Design Aesthetics and Rising in the Post-Digital Age(Ataturk Univ, 2025) Ceylan, Hatice BahattinThe post-digital age refers to a period in which digital technologies have penetrated most, if not all, aspects of our lives, causing the boundaries between what we can touch and feel and what we can imagine to blur and fade away. This interaction has cracked the door to a new and creative world for design and art, leading to significant changes in creative thinking. Designers now create high-quality extraordinary visuals for ideas they envision in digital environment, focusing their work on creating interaction and experience. While technologies such as AR and VR create real-time audience interaction in architecture, game design and installation art, some companies use planned interactive elements to offertheir customers particular brand experiences and turn digital technology into a sales strategy. AI has brought about audience-participatory art and has enabled designers to produce unique designs. Design trends include also retro-futurist approaches aiming to blend the aesthetics of the past with the technology of the future, along with digital scrapbooks, parallaxes, cyberpunk, and dystopian aesthetics. The aim of this study was to provide insight into the design trends of the post-digital age and explore their potential implications for the aesthetics of design products. 4 different design products including 2 movie posters using the scrapbooktechnique and 1 movie poster and 1 packaging design with cyberpunk dystopia aesthetics were analyzed by content analysis method. The study results showed that art venues use digital integrations, that design products are created in line with the latest design trends, that current design aesthetics play an intermediary role in increasing consumer interaction, and that designs are customizable according to consumer profiles through personalized data. The study provides valuable information for designers striving to create interactive designs, guiding them about trends and providing insight into the intended use and effects of these trends.Öğe On Characterization of Inclusion Properties for Grand Lorentz Spaces on a Finite Measure(Soc Paranaense Matematica, 2025) Unal, Cihan; Sevindir, Hulya KodalIn this paper, we give some well-known results and investigate some inclusion theorems of the spaces Lp,q) and Lambda p),omega. Also, we consider equivalence assertions for these spaces. Finally, we present theÖğe Embankment surfaces with the Darboux frame in Euclidean 3-space(Amer Inst Mathematical Sciences-Aims, 2025) Kocakusakli, ErdemThis article was dedicated to the study of embankment, embankment-like, and tubembankment-like surfaces generated by a regular space curve according to the Darboux frame in Euclidean 3-space. Initially, we presented the parametric equations defining these surfaces. Subsequently, their quaternionic and matrix representations were derived to provide alternative and efficient formulations. In addition, the geometric properties of tubembankment-like surfaces were thoroughly examined, leading to several significant theorems and corollaries. To demonstrate the applicability and validity of the theoretical results, illustrative examples were generated by using the Mathematica program.Öğe The Effect of Sustainability-Based Microteaching Practices on the Beliefs and Pedagogical Reflections of Primary School Mathematics Teacher Candidates(Mdpi, 2025) Tastepe, MehtapThis study investigated the impact of preparing lesson plans and conducting microteaching activities-aligned with the learning outcomes of the mathematics curriculum-on the development of sustainability beliefs among teacher candidates. The rationale behind this research stems from the growing global emphasis on sustainability and the urgent need to embed sustainability literacy into teacher education programs, particularly in disciplines such as mathematics, which are often perceived as abstract and value-neutral. There is a recognized gap in equipping pre-service teachers with the pedagogical skills and conceptual awareness needed to integrate sustainability meaningfully into mathematics instruction. Employing a mixed-methods design, the Sustainability Belief Scale was administered to 45 teacher candidates (22 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group) as both a pre-test and post-test. During the intervention, participants in the experimental group collaboratively designed lesson plans and delivered them through microteaching sessions. Throughout the process, they maintained individual reflective journals. The lesson plans and microteaching performances were evaluated using instructor-developed rubrics. Data were analyzed using both quantitative statistical techniques and qualitative content analysis. The findings indicate that integrating sustainability themes into mathematics education significantly enhances teacher candidates' sustainability beliefs and informs their pedagogical orientations. This study underscores the importance of structured, practice-based learning experiences-such as sustainability-focused microteaching-as a means to develop the competencies needed for education for sustainable development in mathematics classrooms.
