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Öğe Theoretical Investigations on One-Photon Absorption Wavelengths and First Hyperpolarizabilities of Dipolar Subunits Described for an Octupolar System(Ieee, 2019) Karakas, A.; Karakaya, M.; Migalska-Zalas, A.; Chtouki, T.; Erguig, H.The microscopic second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) phenomena of dipolar subunits described for an octupolar system have been investigated by means of calculating both dispersion-free and also frequency-dependent first hyperpolarizability (beta) values from the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) approaches, respectively. We have estimated the maximum one-photon absorption (OPA) wavelengths by quantum chemical computations utilizing a configuration interaction (CI) technique for the title molecules in the UV area to be lower than 450 nm, indicating well optical transparencies to the visible beam. To find out the optical nonlinearity behaviour describing the molecular orbital structures; the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) and the HOMO-LUMO energy band gap properties belonging to the first and second frontier MOs have been computationally produced by the DFT procedure.Öğe METHODOLOGY FOR THE EVALUATION OF GEOSITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTOURISM IN CUBA(Univ Cienfuegos, 2025) Guibert-Mejias, Jose-Alberto; Caseres-Cimet, Norge; Sierra-Mulet, Yulietsy; Diaz-Pompa, Felix; Bayram, Gul ErkolIt is essential to evaluate geosites for tourism purposes in order to achieve a more varied tourist offer, improve the quality of the visitor's experience and ensure the conservation of these areas. The objective of this research is to propose a methodology for the evaluation of geosites for tourism purposes in Cuba. The design of the proposal is carried out taking into account two fundamental moments: the preparation of the bases for the design of the methodology and the design of the methodology for the evaluation of geosites for tourism purposes. A search, comparison and analysis of scientific literature on different methods of evaluation of geosites for tourism purposes will be carried out in databases such as Sciencedirect and Scopus. The methodology developed is structured in five phases that include 18 evaluation indicators, the quantitative method is weighted with the use of scientific observation method and surveys to have a global vision when collecting information from the perspective of tourists, community, experts and managers. The results interpretation matrix will be used as an analysis tool. The proposed methodology will be an important tool to improve the management of tourist geosites and guarantee their conservation.Öğe On Direct Estimates and Approximation Results by the Kantorovich Operators in Weighted Grand Lebesgue Spaces(Padova Univ Press, 2026) Aydin, Ismail; Akgun, RamazanWe give some new embeddings results for weighted grand Lebesgue spaces L-omega(p)),delta (Omega), where Omega subset of R-d is a open bounded subset. We also obtain the boundedness of the Kantorovich operator K-n in L-omega(p),delta) [0, 1]. In addition, we establish two direct estimates by K-functionals of the rate of approximation in L-omega(p),delta) [0,1].We generalize the direct estimate inequality in classical Lebesgue spaces L-p [0,1] to L-omega(p),delta)[0,1] using the boundedness of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator in L-omega(p),delta) [0,1]. Finally, we obtain similar results in [8] for the spaces L-omega(p),delta) [0,1].Öğe Protective effect of Asphodelus aestivus Brot. on bladder injury due to ischemia-reperfusion: Biochemical and histopathological Study(Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2025) Kopar, Hatice; Yagmur, Isil; Kurutas, Ergul Belge; Tural, RabiaSevere oxidative stress caused by reperfusion after ischemia in the bladder causes serious functional and structural damage. New molecules with antioxidant effects are needed to protect against this damage. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Asphodelus aestivus on the oxidant-antioxidant system in bladder ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced in rats biochemically and histopathologically. In our study, 24 three-month-old male Wistar-Albino rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups of 8 rats each: sham group (I/R+serum physiological, 1mL) (group 1), I/R group (group 2), I/R+A. aestivus group (50 mg/kg/day) (treatment group, group 3). At the end of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed and their bladder tissues were taken and divided into 2 parts for biochemical and histopathological examination. Protein amount, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity levels were measured spectrophotometrically, and histopathological examination was performed under a light microscope. MDA levels were significantly higher and CAT activity was significantly lower in the I/R group compared to the sham and treatment groups (P<0.05). In histopathological examination, it was determined that there was a significant regression and/or decrease in the findings caused by I/R injury in the group treated with A. aestivus. A. aestivus has a protective effect in reducing oxidative stress in bladder I/R injury.Öğe From the People, Against the People: Banditry in Turkey during the National Struggle(Osman Kose, 2025) Tekir, Suleyman; Balaban, TugrulWhen the phenomenon of banditry is analyzed from a historical perspective, it is considered as movements that emerge from within the public against the social order and paradoxically manifest themselves against the public and encompass collective rebellion. Due to their local character and limited organizational capacity, these organizations could not evolve into a sustainable resistance movement and were systematically liquidated by the state mechanism. This study analyzes the activities of gang and bandit groups operating in Turkey during the National Struggle in the period 1920-1924 based on archival documents. During the period of the War of Independence, politically motivated rebellion movements that emerged with the provocation and encouragement of external actors stand out. Although banditry cases, which can be categorized as ordinary banditry, were considered as isolated incidents, these activities emerged as the dominant factor threatening the social order of the country. Banditry acquired a dichotomous character in the period in question: Organizations that supported the National Struggle and those that acted under the influence of external factors. These two new movements replaced the traditional banditry paradigm.Öğe Determination of Amylolytic and Proteolytic Enzyme Activity Characteristics of Thermophilic Actinobacteria Isolated from Amasya-Terziköy Thermal Spring(Istanbul Univ Press, Fac Aquatic Sciences, 2025) Tatar, Demet; Veysioglu, Aysel; Tokatli, Ali; Duyar, Hunkar AvniActinobacteria represent a group of Gram-positive microorganisms characterized by high G+C content and are commonly found in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These bacteria are notable for their capacity to synthesize a wide range of bioactive compounds, including antibiotics and industrial enzymes. Their ability to withstand extreme environmental conditions allows them to colonize challenging habitats, such as thermal springs. These geothermal environments are critical not only for harboring microbial diversity but also for the discovery of novel bioactive substances with therapeutic potential. This study focused on isolating thermophilic actinobacteria from Terzik & ouml;y Thermal Spring in Amasya, T & uuml;rkiye, followed by phylogenetic analysis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The enzymatic capacities of the isolates-specifically amylase and protease production-were also assessed. Fourteen of the 21 isolates underwent 16S rRNA sequencing, resulting in the identification of eight Streptomyces, four Nocardia, one Actinomadura, and one Pseudonocardia species. Among these, seven isolates demonstrated amylase activity, and one displayed protease production. Notably, one Streptomyces isolate exhibited both enzymatic activities. These results highlightthe phylogenetic diversity ofthermophilic actinobacteria in geothermal environments and their potential as sources of thermostable enzymes for industrial applications.Öğe Revealing the Sect of the Alleged Narrator in Determining the Reason for the Fabrication of a Hadith: Sample of The Kitâb al-Mawzû'ât(Sirnak Univ, 2025) Dagci, SemaMuhaddiths have developed and applied various methods to uncover the fabricated nature of a hadith. Essentially, these methods focus on the examination and criticism of the isnad by presenting the text against valid sources such as scripture, historical events, reason, etc. The principles developed to establish a hadith's fabrication raise the question: Can certain indicators be formed while determining the reasons for fabrication? When examining the literature on fabricated hadiths with this question in mind, it is noteworthy that this literature provides structures that may identify indicators useful in establishing a hadith's reasons for fabrication. This study is conducted with the assumption that understanding the relationship between fabricated hadiths and sectarian affiliation can offer details regarding their reasons for fabrication. Within this framework, it focuses on analyzing the connection between an accused narrator's sect and their reported hadiths. Thus, it aims to reveal what can be inferred about a narrator's sect-based ties concerning their report's reasons for being fabricated. In this respect, by following concrete examples of how social and political pressures influence hadith creation, this study seeks to contribute to existing literature. It is also envisaged that historical analyses that will help to understand the social structure of the period can contribute to the understanding of today's sectarian conflicts. The qualitative research method follows through Ibn al-Jawzi's (d. 597/1201) work Kitab al-Mawzu'at. This book has been selected as a sample because it allows readers to easily track excerpts from earlier works on jarh-ta dil, particularly those focused on weak narrators (du afa). It was constructed using earlier writings by scholars like Makdisi (d. 507/1113) and Juzakani (d. 543/1148), who contributed significantly to mawzu'at literature; thus serving as a foundational resource for later authors addressing fabricated narrations. The narrations are recorded according to topics with proper isnad references as well. In his book, Ibn al-Jawzi generally follows a method where he provides explanations after each narration; these explanations typically address why specific reports should be considered false while also offering indications concerning reasons for their fabrication, which stand out within his discussions. In this context, questions are raised regarding how Ibn al-Jawzi establishes the relationship between a narrator's sect and their reports, what he states regarding the reasons for fabrication, and whether his explanations are adequate for readers. To this end, 1847 narrations from Kitab al-Mawzu'at were thoroughly examined, and those that could provide data for research were collected separately in another document. A total of 43 fabricated hadiths were identified where the author attempts to associate the creation of the text with sectarian affiliation by mentioning the narrator's sect. Subsequently, these hadiths were categorized and analyzed based on Ibn al-Jawzi's explanations regarding both the narrator and the text. The findings indicate that in Kitab al-Mawzu'at, narrators associated with Shi a, Murji'a, Kharijites, Qadarites, and Karramiyya have been identified. Except for Kharijites, it was observed that there is a clear connection between other sect members concerning hadith fabrication. This connection also provides room for identifying reasons behind such fabrications. The author's explanations or implications regarding fabrication can be particularly observed in narrations linked to Shi i narrators. The findings suggest that a known sectarian affiliation often indicates that a narrator fabricates hadiths intending to support their own sect's beliefs.Öğe SURVEILLANCE OR SUPPORT? A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SUPPORTED PROCTORED ONLINE EXAMS(Anadolu Univ, 2026) Ustun, Aysin Gaye; Kayali, Bunyami; Yavuz, Mehmet; Bozkurt, ArasProctored online exams have become widespread, especially after COVID-19, increasing exam security and efficiency. In recent years, artificial intelligence developments have increased these systems' importance by expanding their use. Accordingly, this study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the conceptual structure of artificial intelligence-supported proctored online examination (AI-SPOE) research. Systematic literature review and text mining were used as methods. Thirty-two studies in Scopus and Web of Science databases were analyzed according to the PRISMA technique. While all the studies were examined in the context of content analysis, abstracts and keywords of the relevant studies were analyzed by text mining. The current study found it effective in increasing academic integrity and exam security, but problems such as privacy violations, exam anxiety, and algorithmic biases were encountered. Although methods such as biometric verification and behaviour analysis successfully detect cheating, technical difficulties, and false positives negatively affect the user experience. In the future, more inclusive designs, transparent algorithms, and alternative evaluation methods are suggested. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the potential of AI-SPOE systems and highlights the importance of ethical and technical improvements.Öğe THREE WEAK SOLUTIONS FOR A p(x)-LAPLACIAN EQUATION(Math Soc Serbia-Drustvo Matematicara Srbije, 2025) Alimohammady, Mohsen; Rezvani, Asieh; Aydin, IsmailWe study the existence of three weak solutions to the Dirichlet boundary condition for a p(x)-Laplacian equation. Using a variational method and the three critical point theorem, we would show the existence and multiplicity of the solutions. For this purpose, we focus on a generalized variable exponent Lebesgue-Sobolev space.Öğe INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL FUELS FOR DFRm REACTOR CONCEPT(Nuclear Society Slovenia, 2024) Daydas, Semra; Tiftikci, AliThe Dual Fluid Reactor (DFR) is a conceptual design that combines the advantageous properties of two of the selected Gen IV reactor concepts: the Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) and the Lead Cooled Fast Reactor (LFR). In the DFR molten salt is used (from MSR) in a separate circuit and is cooled by the molten lead (from LFR). In the DFR, molten fuel flows inside the SiC fuel tubes while being cooled by lead that flows around these fuel tubes. The advantages of these two separate cycles enable the use of undiluted fuel salts and metallic fuels. Therefore, there are mainly two DFR concepts named DFRs and DFRm which use molten salt and molten metallic fuel respectively. In this study, neutronic analysis has been conducted for the DFRm design by using SERPENT code. Reference DFRm reactor uses U-Cr metallic fuel with the lowest temperature of 860 degrees C with 4.78 wt. % Cr, %12.8 wt.% U-235 and 82.42 wt.% U-238 composition. To increase the operation temperature margin U-Ni and U-Fe fuels are proposed. U-Ni eutectic metallic fuel reaches its lowest melting point at 740 degrees C with 11 wt.% nickel and 89 wt.% uranium composition. As for U- Fe fuel, fuel composition at the eutectic point is 10.2 wt.% Fe and 89.8 wt.% uranium at 725 degrees C. It is shown that both U-Ni and U-Fe fuels have similar k(eff) trends with the reference U-Cr fuel with lower k(eff) values. This is because proposed fuel compositions have lower uranium content. To reach the same k(eff) values U-235 content in the fuel must be higher for both U-Ni and U-Fe fuels. Thus, with these fuels in the DFRm core, it is possible to reduce the fuel freezing risk and by this, the safety would be increased and ensure a wider operating temperature range.Öğe Association of Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-K18 Variant with Bipolar Disorder Type I(Korean Coll Neuropsychopharmacology, 2025) Yegin, Zeynep; Sarisoy, Gokhan; Avsar, Cumhur; Aral, Ayse Erguner; Koc, HaydarObjective: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and associated sequences occupy similar to 8% of the human genome and dysregulation of HERV transcripts may have significant impacts on human health including psychiatric disorders. HERV-K18 is still active in the human genome and its envelope gene encodes a superantigen (SAg) which may result in deregulation of the immune system. In the study, the possible associations of the two variants localized in the SAg-coding region of HERV-K18 with bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) were evaluated. Methods: The subjects included 100 patients with BD-I and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The effects of the two HERV-K18 variants (HERV-8594 and HERV-8914) were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The possible associations of the genotypes/alleles in BD-I patients with several clinical and demographic data were also evaluated. Results: HERV-8914 TT genotype had approximately 5.36 times higher risk of BD-I than those with the CC genotype (odds ratio, 5.386; 95% confidence interval, 1.602-18.110). Moreover, the prevalence of the CC genotype in patients with hypomania (31.25%) was found to be higher than that observed in patients without hypomania (10.71%) (Fisher's Conclusion: This is the first study implying that HERV-K18 variations may be associated with the pathogenesis of BD-I.Öğe Spectators' perceptions of esports tourism(Univ Murcia, 2025) Ozgurel, Gizem; Aydin, Nercu Durmus; Cilesiz, Emre; Unal, Aydin; Celen, OnurThe aim of this study was to identify how the concept of eSports tourism, which combines the concepts of eSports and tourism, is conceptualized through metaphors by participants of this form of tourism. To achieve this, a phenomenological research design was preferred as a qualitative research method. A total of 656 individuals (n=656; 594 males and 62 females) who had participated in eSports tourism at least once were reached. Participants from various gaming platforms and communities were asked to complete a semi-structured form containing the expression eSports tourism is like... because.... The metaphors obtained were coded using MaxQDA 2020 software and categorized into six main themes. The findings reveal that eSports tourism is most commonly associated with the themes of Technology (29.3%) and Entertainment (26.2%). It was determined that the vast majority of participants were male (90.54%) and that they had typically participated in eSports tourism once (67.37%). The most preferred game types were found to be First Person Shooter (FPS) and Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA). It was concluded that eSports tourism, while based on technological infrastructure, offers an entertainment-oriented experience, and also carries cultural and social dimensions.Öğe Equi-Statistical Extension of the Korovkin Type Approximation Theorem [2](Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2009) Karakus, Sevda; Demirci, KamilIn this paper using equi-statistical convergence, which is stronger than the Usual uniform convergence and statistical uniform convergence, we obtain a general Korovkin type theorem. Then, we construct examples such that our new approximation result works but its classical and statistical cases do riot work.Öğe Approximation Results on an Infinite Interval Based on Power Series Statistical Sense(Padova Univ Press, 2025) Yildiz, Sevda; Demirci, Kamil; Dirik, FadimeThis paper introduces a new approximation theorem, type of Korovkin, for positive linear operators (pLO) defined on the Banach space C-* [0, infinity) comprising all real-valued continuous functions on [0, infinity) that converge to a finite limit as their argument approaches infinity. By applying statistical convergence with respect to power series methods and employing the test functions 1, exp(-u) and exp(-2u), we derive a novel approximation result. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms classical and statistical approaches, as illustrated by a concrete example. Furthermore, we explore the rate of convergence associated with this new approximation theorem.Öğe Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical study of new cocrystals and charge-transfer compounds(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Sahin, Zarife Sibel; Kartal, ZekiThis study used single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, theoretical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and theoretical ultraviolet spectroscopy to characterize 3 newly synthesized crystalline compounds. Additionally, the nonlinear optical, highest occupied molecular orbital energies, lowest occupied molecular orbital energies, band gap, molecular electrostatic potential, and thermodynamic parameters of the 3 crystalline compounds were examined. The strong correlation between experimental IR spectra and theoretical NMR chemical shifts confirmed the accuracy of computational predictions. The molecular formulas of the 3 newly synthesized crystalline compounds, each containing different ligand molecules, were: C8H14O42(C6H4N2), C5H7N2NCS, and Ni(CN)42(C5H7N2)2(H2O) for compounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Crystallographic analysis showed that the compounds crystallize in the space groups P1, P21/n and C2/m, respectively. Their molecular packing is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds (C-H center dot center dot center dot O, O-H center dot center dot center dot N, N-H center dot center dot center dot N, N-H center dot center dot center dot S, O-H center dot center dot center dot N, and N-H center dot center dot center dot O) and noncovalent interactions (C-H center dot center dot center dot pi and pi center dot center dot center dot pi). Computational studies using Gaussian 03 and CrystalExplorer further elucidated their structural, magnetic, electrooptic, and electrochemical properties.Öğe Chlorella vulgaris measurements using full-spectrum goniometer for optically complex inland water monitoring(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2026) Gurbuzer, Pinar; Leloglu, Ugur MuratRising environmental stressors, including climate change, nutrient loading, pollution, and anthropogenic impacts, have made the continuous monitoring of lake water quality increasingly essential. While in situ methods offer high precision, satellite-based remote sensing is essential for capturing large-scale, long-term changes and accessing remote or extreme environments. To complement these approaches, we developed a cost-effective in situ optical measurement system specifically designed for optically complex inland waters. The instrument enables detailed optical characterization across scattering angles from 0 degrees to 160 degrees and wavelengths between 423 and 728 nm, covering both visible and near-infrared regions. Initial validation was performed using monocultures of Chlorella vulgaris, a well-established model organism for chlorophyll-a optical studies. As a result of laboratory measurements of C. vulgaris monocultures using a spectral goniometer, forward and backward scattering profiles, polarization characteristics, three-dimensional patterns, volume scattering functions, and radiant intensities at 90 degrees across Sentinel-3 OLCI bands toward density changes were modeled. The results confirmed Mie scattering dominance in line with the theoretical expectations. Overall, the developed full-spectrum goniometer can serve as a reliable and practical tool for in situ optical monitoring.Öğe Fuzzy Two Point Boundary Value Problem with Linear System(Soc Paranaense Matematica, 2025) Ceylan, TahirIn this manuscript we present two different methods of solving second order linear differential equation that has fuzzy boundary conditions. First, by taking each fuzzy boundary point of the fuzzy boundary value problem (FBVP) as the fuzzy initial point, we will obtain two separate fuzzy initial value problems (FIVPs). Second, we solve each of these FIVPs using the system of differential equations. We provide fuzzy solutions for this system based on an extension of the classical solution via Zadeh's extension principle. We present an example in order to compare the proposed solution.Öğe Reproductive dynamics of Diplostraca in the Black Sea: insights from Hamsilos Bay, Sinop, Tükyrie(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Ustun, FundaIn the coastal marine ecosystem of the Black Sea, Diplostraca is the second most dominant mesozooplankton after Copepoda. Its parthenogenetic reproductive strategy enables significant population growth from spring (March) to fall (December), contributing substantially to mesozooplankton abundance. This study investigated the fecundity, embryonic development stages, and population structure of four of Diplostraca species in Hamsilos Bay: Evadne spinifera, Pleopis polyphemoides, Penilia avirostris, and Pseudevadne parthenogenetic females were dominant, reaching up to 100% of the population. Gamogenetic females, females without embryos, and males constituted 23%, 33%, and 9% of the population, respectively. Embryonic development stages were species-specific: stage A embryos were predominant in Ps. tergestina, Pl. polyphemoides, and E. spinifera, whereas stage C embryos were most common in Pe. avirostris. The ultimate stage, stage D, was rare across all species. The number of embryos per parthenogenetic female varied from parthenogenesis, enhancing their contribution to the mesozooplankton community in Hamsilos Bay. The number of embryos observed was lower compared to a similar study performed in the Marmara Sea, possibly due to distinct regional environmental differences such as nutrient availability and temperature. This study bridges a critical gap in understanding the reproductive dynamics of Diplostraca in semienclosed seas and factors affecting them, establishing a valuable reference for future research.Öğe Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pregnant Psychiatric Inpatients(Yerkure Tanitim & Yayincilik Hizmetleri A S, 2016) Karatas, Kader Semra; Guler, Julide; Hariri, Aytul; Unal, Feride Ezgi Buyuksahin[No abstract available]Öğe A WORK ATTRIBUTED TO ABDULLAH BOSNEVI: RUSTEM PASHA-ZADE HUSEYIN'S COMMENTARY ON QASIDA AL-MUNFARIJA(Burhan Caglar, 2025) Akdag, AhmetRustem Pasha-zade Huseyin was a scholar and poet who lived from the second half of the 16th century to the first quarter of the 17th century. Having received a good education, he served in various madrasas of his time and gained renown both for his commentaries and poetry. One of his most significant works is a commentary on Ibnu'n-Nahvi's famous Qasicla aLMunfarija. Numerous manuscript copies of this commentary exist in manuscript libraries, and it has been published as a master's thesis. One of these manuscripts housed in the Suleymaniye Library (Ayasofya 2077/6) contains Qasicla al-Munfarija bound together with works by Abdullah Bosnevi. Hence, in the secondary literature the commentary on Qasicla al-Munfarija has been mistakenly attributed to Abdullah Bosnevi. This paper seeks to correct this misattribution
