The effect of stress ball on anxiety and pain levels during endometrial biopsy: A randomized controlled trial

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dc.contributor.authorDincer, Yeliz
dc.contributor.authorSanli, Yasemin
dc.contributor.authorAkbag, Nuran Na.
dc.contributor.authorAkbag, Nuran Nur Aypar
dc.contributor.authorDalay, Onur
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-25T14:20:25Z
dc.date.available2026-04-25T14:20:25Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentSinop Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study aims to evaluate the effect of using a stress ball on anxiety and pain levels during the endometrial biopsy procedure. The impact of stress ball use on vital sign scores was also assessed as a secondary objective. The sample of this randomized controlled study design consisted of 70 women (stress ball group n = 35 and control group n = 35). Data collection tools included the Personal Information Form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain and Anxiety, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a Satisfaction Form. The primary outcome showed no statistically significant difference in mean anxiety scores between the stress ball and control groups during the procedure (Wilcoxon test, W = -1.045, p = 0.296). As a secondary outcome, a significant decrease in heart rate was observed in the control group before and after the procedure. Additionally, reductions in anxiety levels were associated with corresponding decreases in pain scores. The reduction in anxiety levels during endometrial biopsy correspondingly decreased the pain that was experienced. Nonetheless, the utilization of a stress ball shown no statistically meaningful impact on decreasing anxiety, stress, or pain.
dc.identifier.doi10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i11.4
dc.identifier.endpage56
dc.identifier.issn1118-4841
dc.identifier.issn2141-3606
dc.identifier.issue11
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4693-2896
dc.identifier.pmid41288303
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105023018452
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.startpage47
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2025/v29i11.4
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11486/8559
dc.identifier.volume29
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001631688500006
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWomens Health & Action Research Centre
dc.relation.ispartofAfrican Journal of Reproductive Health
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260420
dc.subjectEndometrial biopsy
dc.subjectstress ball
dc.subjectanxiety
dc.subjectpain
dc.subjectnursing
dc.titleThe effect of stress ball on anxiety and pain levels during endometrial biopsy: A randomized controlled trial
dc.typeArticle

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