Chemical Profiles and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil From Different Plant Parts of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

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dc.contributor.authorElkiran, Omer
dc.contributor.authorTelhuner, Ozge
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-25T14:19:44Z
dc.date.available2026-04-25T14:19:44Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentSinop Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils obtained from different organs (leaf, stem, flower, and seed) of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) plant naturally growing in Sinop province of Turkey. Plant samples collected from the field in 2023 were dried and their essential oils were isolated using the hydro-distillation method with a Clevenger type device. Chemical analyzes were performed simultaneously with GC-FID and GC-MS devices, and component identifications were made with the help of NIST and Wiley libraries. According to the results, estragole (methyl chavicol) was determined as the main component of leaf (51.7%), flower (38.9%) and seed (53.3%) essential oils. Fenchyl acetate (35.3%) was the dominant component in the stem essential oil. In addition, other important compounds such as limonene, fenchon, and gamma-terpinene were detected in different proportions. It is thought that these composition differences between organs are due to environmental factors and plant physiology. Within the scope of biological activity studies, the antimicrobial effects of essential oils obtained from each organ against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and two fungi were tested by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. It was observed that Gram-positive bacteria were particularly more sensitive. The highest antibacterial effect was obtained against Staphylococcus aureus with a 30 mm inhibition zone in the seed oil. According to MIC values, the lowest effective concentration was seen on B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus with 50 mu g/mL. No significant effect was observed against A. niger and E. faecalis. This study is the first to reveal the chemical and biological properties of fennel essential oils obtained from different organs in T & uuml;rkiye.
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/fsn3.70307
dc.identifier.issn2048-7177
dc.identifier.issue5
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1933-4003
dc.identifier.pmid40390843
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105005784908
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/A
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70307
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11486/8132
dc.identifier.volume13
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001491706000001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.ispartofFood Science & Nutrition
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260420
dc.subjectantimicrobial activity
dc.subjectessential oil
dc.subjectestragole
dc.subjectfenchyl acetate
dc.subjectFoeniculum vulgare
dc.titleChemical Profiles and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil From Different Plant Parts of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
dc.typeArticle

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