Seasonal comparison of wild and farmed brown trout (Salmo trutta forma fario L., 1758): crude lipid, gonadosomatic index and fatty acids

Brown trout is one of the most preferred wild freshwater fish species in the east Black Sea region (Turkey) due to its nutritional value and palatable aroma as well as being popular for sport fishing. In this research, seasonal variations in the crude lipid, gonadosomatic index and fatty acid composition of wild and farmed brown trout were investigated. The spawning period of wild and farmed brown trout appears to be from August to October and from October to January, respectively. The mean crude lipid content in farmed brown trout (3.62%) was significantly higher (P <= 0.05) than that of wild brown trout (2.80%). Significant seasonal differences (P <= 0.05) in crude lipid content were observed in both fish. The percentage of total saturated fatty acids was similar (P >= 0.05) in both fish. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher (P <= 0.05) in the wild brown trout compared with the farmed brown trout, while its total monounsaturated fatty acids content was lower (P <= 0.05). The muscle lipids of wild fish contained significantly (P <= 0.05) higher percentages of C16: 1n-7, C17: 1n-7, C18: 3n-3, C20: 2n-6, C20: 4n-6, C20: 5n-3 and C22: 2n-6 fatty acids and contained lower percentages of C14: 0, C18: 1n-9, C18: 2n-6, C20: 1n-9, C24: 1n-9 and C22: 6n-3 fatty acids than farmed fish. The total amounts of n-3 fatty acids in wild fish were higher than in farmed fish, but total amounts of n-6 fatty acids in farmed fish were higher than in wild fish. The n3/n6 proportion in wild fish was higher than that of farmed fish.