Innovative versus traditional cooking methods: Impacts on the nutritional profile of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in the Black Sea, Türkiye

The nutritional effects of innovative cooking compared to traditional cooking methods on large trout were determined. The groups consisted of large trout cooked by conventional (deep frying, low frying, stir-frying) and innovative (sous-vide, high pressure, and low pressure) methods. Cooking increased total polyunsaturated fatty acid content (up to 46.32 %) and energy value (up to 234.66 kcal/100 g). Total omega-3 fatty acid content increased significantly in cooked samples, particularly in the sous-vide group (2734.55 mg/100 g), where eicosapentaenoic acid +docosahexaenoic acid content also peaked (1775.06 mg/100 g). Among the cooking methods, deep frying resulted in the lowest cholesterol level (233.67 mg/100 g), compared to raw fish (253.77 mg/100 g). Mineral content remained within safe consumption limits across all treatments. Both deep frying and high-pressure cooking enhanced the amino acid profile, increasing the essential to non-essential amino acid ratio to 1.05. Selenium (Se) content also rose notably in the deep-fried group, from 0.25 mg/kg (raw) to 0.35 mg/kg. These results suggest that innovative cooking techniques-particularly sous-vide and highpressure cooking-not only maintain but can enhance the nutritional value of large rainbow trout, especially with respect to omega-3, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid contents, supporting their suitability for health-conscious consumption.