Production of environmentally friendly printing ink varnish using Pinus brutia resin and sunflower oil and determination of printability parameters

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dc.contributor.authorHayta, Pelin
dc.contributor.authorOktav, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorAkgul, Ahmet
dc.contributor.authorOzomay, Zafer
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-25T14:20:14Z
dc.date.available2026-04-25T14:20:14Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentSinop Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractPurposeThis study aims to investigate the usability of Pinus brutia resin and sunflower oil in printing ink varnish. The areas where Pinus brutia forests are located in Turkey are the most suitable forests for pine resin production due to the topography and climatic conditions. For this reason, another aim of the study is to determine the usability of Pinus brutia resin, a sustainable resource that has not been tried in printing inks before, in ink.Design/methodology/approachForty grams of sunflower oil and 70 g Pinus brutia resin were used as varnish components. Offset printing ink was prepared by formulating 80% varnish, 17% cyan pigment and 3% dryer. The prepared varnish was tested in the eco-friendly offset printing ink formulation.FindingsRheological and optical analyses were performed to test the varnish. Viscosity, tack and rub resistance tests were performed for rheological analysis; and L*a*b*, gloss and light fastness tests were performed for optical analysis. Rheological tests showed that the varnish can be used in offset printing ink formulation. Printability tests confirmed that the varnish can work in ink.Originality/valueThe originality of this study is the production of varnish from the combination of natural Pinus brutia resin and natural sunflower oil and demonstration of varnish workability in ink. The varnish thus produced is completely natural. Pinus brutia resin grown in Turkey has been tested for the first time in printing ink and has been successful. On the other hand, it has been determined that the resin obtained from Pinus brutia tree is a natural and sustainable raw material that can be used in ink varnish without damaging the ecosystem.
dc.identifier.doi10.1108/PRT-09-2024-0104
dc.identifier.endpage133
dc.identifier.issn0369-9420
dc.identifier.issn1758-6941
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8726-4727
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105003951817
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.startpage126
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1108/PRT-09-2024-0104
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11486/8438
dc.identifier.volume55
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001479907800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherEmerald Group Publishing Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofPigment & Resin Technology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260420
dc.subjectNatural varnish
dc.subjectPrinting ink varnish
dc.subjectPinus brutia resin
dc.subjectSunflower oil
dc.subjectPrintability
dc.titleProduction of environmentally friendly printing ink varnish using Pinus brutia resin and sunflower oil and determination of printability parameters
dc.typeArticle

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