Who Controls the Digital Agora? Social Media Governance in the European Union, United States, and Turkey

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dc.contributor.authorCelik, Nuriye
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-25T14:20:08Z
dc.date.available2026-04-25T14:20:08Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentSinop Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study explores how the European Union, the United States, and Turkey regulate social media in the face of disinformation, political polarisation, and the erosion of democratic norms. It argues that regulatory responses are not solely technical adjustments but reflect deeper ideological orientations, revealing whether states conceive the digital sphere as a deliberative public arena or as a domain to be governed through security and control logics. Using qualitative document analysis, the research examines 38 key policy and legal documents issued between 2016 and 2024. A thematic and comparative framework is employed across five dimensions: platform accountability, content governance, data privacy, enforcement mechanisms, and user rights. The analysis is informed by Habermas's theory of the public sphere, Foucault's concept of governmentality, and broader media governance scholarship. Findings indicate that the EU promotes a rights-based, deliberative model; the U.S. advances a market-oriented logic privileging platform autonomy, while Turkey exhibits a hybrid regime marked by formal pluralism and increasing state intervention. These divergent models not only reflect contrasting political cultures but also reveal how digital governance becomes a key site where state power, democratic values, and technological agency intersect.
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/13600826.2025.2571147
dc.identifier.endpage261
dc.identifier.issn1360-0826
dc.identifier.issn1469-798X
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6368-1956
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105019704969
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage225
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2025.2571147
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11486/8386
dc.identifier.volume40
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001599001500001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.institutionauthorCelik, Nuriye
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherRoutledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofGlobal Society
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260420
dc.subjectSocial media regulation
dc.subjectdisinformation
dc.subjectpolitical polarization
dc.subjectcomparative governance
dc.subjectdigital rights
dc.subjectTurkey
dc.subjectEuropean Union
dc.subjectUnited States
dc.titleWho Controls the Digital Agora? Social Media Governance in the European Union, United States, and Turkey
dc.typeArticle

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