A highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on computer-aided design of molecularly imprinted polymer for the determination of leflunomide

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dc.authoridBellur Atici, Esen/0000-0002-4093-441X
dc.authoridOZKAN, Sibel/0000-0001-7494-3077
dc.authoridCorman, Mehmet Emin/0000-0001-9062-4201
dc.authoridKarakaya, Mustafa/0000-0001-6663-9008
dc.authoridCetinkaya, Ahmet/0000-0001-5014-0907
dc.contributor.authorCetinkaya, Ahmet
dc.contributor.authorKaya, S. Irem
dc.contributor.authorCorman, M. Emin
dc.contributor.authorKarakaya, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorAtici, Esen Bellur
dc.contributor.authorOzkan, Sibel A.
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-23T19:40:53Z
dc.date.available2025-03-23T19:40:53Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentSinop Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study includes the electrochemical analysis of leflunomide (LEF), used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based sensor using different electroanalytical methods. In the design of MIPs, the choice of functional monomer is an important step in terms of the stability of the sensor. Based on the computational approach in this study, ortho-phenylenediamine (o-PD) was chosen as a functional monomer based on the comparison of interaction energies (delta E) between LEF and monomers, aniline (ANI) was chosen as a platform to develop MIP-based sensor. Morphological characterization of the developed p(ANI-o-PD) @MIP/GCE sensor was performed using Raman spectroscopy, surface electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements, and electrochemical techniques. Quantitative analysis of LEF was performed using differential pulse voltammetry. Results showed that the p(ANI-o-PD)@MIP/GCE sensor has high selectivity and sensitivity. Under optimum conditions, the linear range was found to be 1 - 10 fM (r = 0.998) and the detection limit to be 0.291 fM. Also, the sensor was applied to pharmaceutical dosage form and serum samples to detect LEF, and satisfactory recovery results of 99.46% and 99.15% were obtained. Finally, the p(ANI-o-PD)@MIP/GCE sensor was evaluated using a non-imprinted polymer (NIP)-based electrochemical sensor. The proposed sensor with good reproducibility was effectively implemented for selective and sensitive detection of LEF in pharmaceutical and human serum samples. These results show that the molecular imprinting approach in detecting LEF is a highly effective technique in the potential of the newly developed sensor.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [BIDEB/2218, BIDEB/2211-A]; National Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program; Council of Higher Education (YOK)
dc.description.sponsorshipMehmet Emin Corman thanks the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the BIDEB/2218-National Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program for Turkish Citizens. Ahmet Cetinkaya thanks the financial supports from the Council of Higher Education (YOK) under the special 100/2000 PhD Scholarship Program and The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the BIDEB/2211-A Ph.D. Scholarship Program.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.microc.2022.107496
dc.identifier.issn0026-265X
dc.identifier.issn1095-9149
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85129374893
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2022.107496
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11486/6446
dc.identifier.volume179
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000793746600003
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofMicrochemical Journal
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250323
dc.subjectLeflunomide
dc.subjectMolecularly imprinted polymer
dc.subjectElectrochemical determination
dc.subjectVoltammetry
dc.subjectDrug analysis
dc.titleA highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on computer-aided design of molecularly imprinted polymer for the determination of leflunomide
dc.typeArticle

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