Development and characterization of sustainable cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-reinforced bio-adhesive films for wood-to-wood bonding

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dc.contributor.authorDalkilic, Berk
dc.contributor.authorOzen, Ertan
dc.contributor.authorCandan, Zeki
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-25T14:20:08Z
dc.date.available2026-04-25T14:20:08Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentSinop Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study aimed to develop and characterize water-activatable bio-adhesive films designed for wood-to-wood bonding. The bio-adhesive films were prepared by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with chitosan (CS) and reinforced with varying amounts of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) using the casting method. The effect of CNF reinforcement on the films' physical (thickness, water solubility, and contact angle), morphological, thermal (melting and glass transmission temperature), mechanical (tensile strength), and adhesive properties (adhesive strength via single lap-shear) was evaluated.CS/PVA bio-adhesive films demonstrated an adhesive strength of 4 MPa. CNF reinforcement enhanced adhesive strength up to a CNF content of 5%; however, further increases in CNF concentration decreased the adhesive strength. CS/PVA films reinforced with 3% CNF exhibited the optimum adhesive strength of 4.20 MPa. Furthermore, the reactivated films retained their adhesive properties after repeated testing, maintaining an adhesive strength of 1.18 MPa. For comparison, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)-based adhesive demonstrated an adhesive strength of 4.42 MPa.The bio-adhesive films demonstrated adhesive strength comparable to commercial PVA-based adhesives, while also providing additional benefits such as low waste production, uniformity, customizable sizing, and reusability. The reinforcement of CNF significantly enhanced the performance properties of the bio-adhesive films, making them highly suitable for sustainable wood-to-wood bonding applications.
dc.description.sponsorshipTurkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study is based on the doctoral dissertation of Berk Dalkilic, supervised by Prof. Dr. Ertan Ozen. Prof. Dr. Zeki Candan made significant contributions to this thesis and provided the laboratory facilities. We also thank Prof. Dr. Yusuf Ziya Erdil who contributed to this study. The authors express their gratitude to the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for their financial support. Special thanks are also extended to the Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group and BioNanoTeam for their valuable contributions throughout the PhD research. Additionally, the authors would like to acknowledge the Turkish Standards Institution-Wood Laboratory for their technical assistance.
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/17480272.2025.2479578
dc.identifier.issn1748-0272
dc.identifier.issn1748-0280
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0457-1244
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105000802266
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2025.2479578
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11486/8393
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001451075400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTaylor & Francis Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofWood Material Science & Engineering
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260420
dc.subjectBio-adhesive films
dc.subjectcellulose nanofibers
dc.subjectwood-to-wood bonding
dc.subjectadhesive strength
dc.subjectsustainable adhesives
dc.titleDevelopment and characterization of sustainable cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-reinforced bio-adhesive films for wood-to-wood bonding
dc.typeArticle

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