Measurements of polarization and spin correlation and observation of entanglement in top quark pairs using lepton plus jets events from proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV

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dc.authoridGadallah, Mahmoud Moussa Abdelkhalek/0000-0002-8305-6661
dc.authoridFelcini, Marta/0000-0002-2051-9331
dc.authoridSharma, Ram Krishna/0000-0003-1181-1426
dc.authoridPolikarpov, Sergey/0000-0001-6839-928X
dc.authoridPhor, Saumya/0000-0001-7842-9518
dc.authoridMousa, Jehad/0000-0002-2978-2718
dc.authoridIvanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643
dc.contributor.authorHayrapetyan, A.
dc.contributor.authorTumasyan, A.
dc.contributor.authorAdam, W.
dc.contributor.authorAndrejkovic, J. W.
dc.contributor.authorBenato, L.
dc.contributor.authorBergauer, T.
dc.contributor.authorChatterjee, S.
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-23T19:33:53Z
dc.date.available2025-03-23T19:33:53Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentSinop Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractMeasurements of the polarization and spin correlation in top quark pairs (t (t) over bar) are presented using events with a single electron or muon and jets in the final state. The measurements are based on proton-proton collision data from the LHC at root s = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb(-1). All coefficients of the polarization vectors and the spin correlation matrix are extracted simultaneously by performing a binned likelihood fit to the data. The measurement is performed inclusively and in bins of additional observables, such as the mass of the t (t) over bar system and the top quark scattering angle in the t (t) over bar rest frame. The measured polarization and spin correlation are in agreement with the standard model. From the measured spin correlation, conclusions on the t (t) over bar spin entanglement are drawn by applying the Peres-Horodecki criterion. The standard model predicts entangled spins for t (t) over bart states at the production threshold and at high masses of the t (t) over bart system. Entanglement is observed for the first time in events at high t (t) over bar mass, where a large fraction of the t (t) over bar decays are spacelike separated, with an expected and observed significance of above 5 standard deviations.
dc.description.sponsorshipFWF; FNRS; FWO (Belgium) [30820817]; CNPq (Brazil); CAPES (Brazil); FAPERJ (Brazil); FAPERGS (Brazil); FAPESP (Brazil); BNSF (Bulgaria); MoST (China); NSFC (China); CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG [MoER TK202]; Academy of Finland (France); MEC (France); CEA (France); CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Germany); BMBF (Germany); DFG (Germany); HGF (Germany); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE (Ireland); DST (Ireland); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); CONACYT (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA (Ukraine); TUBITAK (Ukraine); NASU (Ukraine); NSF (USA); Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207]; COST Action [CA16108]; Leventis Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science Committee [22rl-037]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation `a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIABelgium); F. R. S.-FNRS; Beijing Municipal Science AMP; Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR-22-985]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [EXC 2121, 400140256-GRK2497]; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) [2288]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; NKFIH Research Grants [K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA-64]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India - NextGenerationEU program (Italy); Latvian Council of Science; Ministry of Education and Science [2022/WK/14]; National Science Center [2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [CEECIND/01334/2018]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund [MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033]; ERDF a way of making Europe; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2017-0765]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project; National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources AMP; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B39G670016]; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.)
dc.description.sponsorshipWe congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3, and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, Contracts No. 675440, No. 724704, No. 752730, No. 758316, No. 765710, No. 824093, No. 101115353, No. 101002207, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, Project No. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation `a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIABelgium); the F. R. S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the Excellence of Science-EOS-be.h Project No. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Grant No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Grant No. FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), among others, under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC 2121 Quantum Universe-390833306, and under Project No. 400140256-GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project No. 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program-UNKP, the NKFIH Research Grants No. K 131991, No. K 133046, No. K 138136, No. K 143460, No. K 143477, No. K 146913, No. K 146914, No. K 147048, No. 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and No. TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC-National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing and FAIR-Future Artificial Intelligence Research, funded by the NextGenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, Project No. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, Contracts Opus No. 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and No.r 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Grant No. CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Grant No. MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF a way of making Europe, and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, Grant No. MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, Grant No. B39G670016 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, Contract No. C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.).
dc.identifier.doi10.1103/PhysRevD.110.112016
dc.identifier.issn2470-0010
dc.identifier.issn2470-0029
dc.identifier.issue11
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85214239868
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.112016
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11486/5563
dc.identifier.volume110
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001421795000002
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmer Physical Soc
dc.relation.ispartofPhysical Review D
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250323
dc.titleMeasurements of polarization and spin correlation and observation of entanglement in top quark pairs using lepton plus jets events from proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV
dc.typeArticle

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