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Biometric and Allozymic Variations in the Genus Dryomys (Rodentia: Gliridae) in Turkey
(Acta zoologica bulgarica, 2011) Yiğit, Nuri; Çolak, Ercüment; Çolak, Reyhan; Özlük, Aydın; Gül, Nursen; Çam, Pınar; Saygılı, Fulya
Biometric and allozymic variations were analysed in three populations of Dryomys nitedula one population of Dryomys laniger from Turkey. Multivariate analysis of 32 external and cranial measurements was performed on 44 specimens. Of the morphometric variables, twenty-six characters were found to be significantly different between both species (Tukey HSD, p < 0.05), and the total variance was explained by seven principle components (80.1%). The Black Sea population of D. nitedula and that of D. laniger were markedly separate on the first two canonical functions. The genetic analysis was carried out on 17 enzyme systems of 36 specimens. Nine out of twenty loci were found to be polymorphic in D. nitedula populations and five were polymorphic in D. laniger. Ldhand Gpiloci were fixed for different alleles between D. nitedula and D. laniger. The mean value of the fixation index (FST= 0.13) indicated moderate to high genetic differences between the populations of D. nitedula. Nei’s measure of genetic distance (D) varied from 0.006 to 0.030 among the populations of D. nitedula, whereas the highest genetic distance appeared between the Black Sea population of D. nitedula and D. laniger (D= 0.187).
Phenotypic Features of the 'Guentheri' Group Vole (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey and Southeast Bulgaria: Evidence for Its Taxonomic Detachment
(Acta zoologica bulgarica, 2012) Yiğit, Nuri; Markov, Georgy; Çolak, Ercüment; Kocheva, Maria; Saygılı, Fulya; Yüce, Duygu; Çam, Pınar
The taxonomic status of Microtus guentheri, which is distributed in Anatolia, and the related taxa (number of chromosomes 2n = 54) inhabiting Western Anatolia and Southeast Thrace within the territory of Bulgaria and Turkey, were investigated morphologically and statistically. It was determined that the form of the second upper molar in all studied M. guentheri specimens belonged to the non-agrestis morphotype as did that in all specimens from Western Anatolia, Bulgarian and Turkish Thrace. The forms of the third upper molar did not separate M. guentheri from the specimens of Western Anatolia, Bulgarian and Turkish Thrace, and showed great variations among the normal, simplex, duplicate, and complex forms. In contrast, the marked distinguishing characteristics in dorsal colours, and skull and baculum morphologies were found between these populations. Statistical analyses (Tukey HSD) showed that the mean values of 18 variables in Thrace specimens and M. guentheri and 23 variables in the specimens of Thrace and Western Anatolia were significantly (p<0.05) different one from another. According to Principal Component Analyses, 75% of the total variance was explained by five components that had eigenvalues higher than 1, and specimens of Bulgarian and Turkish Thrace were clearly separated from M. guentheri and the specimens of Western Anatolia in discriminant function analyses. These findings suggested that specimens from Bulgarian and Turkish Thrace cannot be identified as M. guentheri. According to the priority rule, the specimens from Bulgarian and Turkish Thrace were assigned to Microtus hartingi and the subspecies martinoi and strandzenzis were considered junior synonyms of this taxon. However, the strong morphological and statistical evidences were provided the population in western Anatolia should be assigned to Microtus lydius as a valid species.
Guano-Induced Germination and Responses of Wheat Se edlings to Guano Under Water Stress Treatments
(Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2013) Taşçı, Eda; Seçkin Dinler, Burcu
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of guano (organic fertilizer) on germination and growth parameters of wheat (Triticum durum L. Karakılcık). Guano was applied into germination medium at a rate of 6g /100 ml - for 3 days. Following the germination of seeds, one group was water stressed by applying a water deficit for 7 days and the other group was irrigated ordinarily. The germination rate and the dry weights of germinated seeds were higher in guano-applied group. In vegetative stage, guano treatments improved relative water content (RWC) and relative growth rate (RGR) under water stress. Water stress increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content but both parameters did not significantly change in combined water stress and guano treatments. At the seedling stage, ABA (abscisic acid) content decreased in guano group and under water stress but guano treatment increased ABA contents under water stress. It was concluded herein that guano treatments improved germination and growth parameters of wheat seeds and protected the wheat seedlings from oxidative da mages under water stress.
Differential Response of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Roots and Leaves to Salinity in Soil and Hydroponic Culture
(Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 2014) Bayram, Duygu; Seçkin Dinler, Burcu; Taşçı, Eda
The present study aimed to investigate the response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Volare) roots and leaves to salinity in different growth mediums (soil and hydroponic culture) through physiologic and biochemical analyses. The relative water content (RWC) and total chlorophyll (CHL) content decreased with 300 mM NaCl treatment in both cultures but did not change with 150 mM treatment in soil culture. Similarly, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content did not change with 150 mM treatment in soil culture, whereas it increased in all other treatments. The highest increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content was observed with 300 mM treatment in hydroponic culture. The highest increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in plant leaves in the hydroponic culture. Catalase (CAT) activity did not change with 150 mM treatment in soil culture but decreased with 300 mM treatment in both cultures. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity decreased in all treatments, except in the roots in the hydroponic culture. The Na+ and Cl- contents were higher in the hydroponic culture than in the soil culture. Salt stress induced more serious oxidative damage in the hydroponic culture compared to the soil culture.
A Study on Venom Proteins of Iurus dufoureius asiaticus Birula, 1903 (Scorpiones: Iuridae)
(Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 2006) Alpagut Keskin, Nurşen; Koç, Halil
The scorpion Iurus dufoureius asiaticus (Birula 1903) which is the largest scorpion in Europe and Turkey belongs to the family Iuridae and is endemic in Turkey. No data has been found about the venom components of I. d. asiaticus. In this study, the venom extract obtained from I. d. asiaticus specimens collected from Aydın were analyzed using the Tris tricine SDS-PAGE method. A total of 28 protein fractions or fraction groups were detected in the range of 6.5-205 kDa.
Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Urticaceae ve Asteraceae (Compositae) familyalarına ait bazı alerjen taksonların polen morfolojileri ve toplam protein miktarlarının karşılaştırılması
(Gazi Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2005) Pehlivan, Sevil; Özler, Hülya; Bayrak, Filiz
Ankara ilinden toplanan Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae) Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae), Plantago lanceolata L, P. major subsp. intermedia (Gilib.) Lange (Plantaginaceae), Artemisia scoparia Waldst.& Kit. (Asteraceae) ve Kastamonu’dan toplanan Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) taksonlarının polen morfolojik yapıları ışık mikroskobunda (IM) incelenmiştir. A. retroflexus, C. album, P. lanceolata ve P. major subsp. intermedia polenleri periporat, sferoidal, U. dioica polenleri triporat ve suboblat’dir. A. scoparia polenleri trikolporat ve sferoidal ‘dir. Ornamentasyon (süsleme) P. major subsp. intermedia’da verrukat, A. scoparia’da skabrat, diğer türlerde ise granulat’dir. Bu taksonların toplam protein miktarları Lowry metoduna göre ülkemizde ilk defa belirlenmiştir. A. scoparia’nın toplam protein miktarı ile yurt dışından getirtilen A. vulgaris ekstraktı karşılaştırılmıştır. Toplam protein miktarının P. major subsp. intermedia (46%), A. vulgaris (38.1%), A. scoparia (30.3%) and A. retroflexus (15.3%)’da C. album (12.5%), P. lanceolata (12.25%) ve U. dioica (12.1%)’ya göre daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Pollen morphology of some Allium L. (Lilliaceae) taxa in Turkey
(Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 2010) Özler, Hülya; Pehlivan, Sevil
Pollen grains of 16 taxa of Allium L. belonging to sections Rhizirideum G. Don ex Koch., Codonoprasum Reichb. and Allium L. were investigated using light and scanning electron microscope, and pollens of four taxa were also examined with transmission electron microscope. Pollens were monosulcate and ellipsoidal. It was observed that the sulcus extends from distal to proximal in all taxa. The exine was semitectate and the tectum was perforate. Columellae were simplicolumellate. Exine sculpture was striate-perforate, striate-rugulate-perforate and rugulate-perforate. A. albidum Fischer ex Bieb. subsp. caucasicum (Regel) Stearn, A. rupicola Boiss ex Mouterde and A. asperiflorum Miscz. were seen to have an operculum.
Pollen Morphology of Some Centaurea L., Psephellus Cass. and Cyanus Miller Taxa
(ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica, 2009) Özler, Hülya; Kaya, Zafer; Pehlivan, Sevil
The pollen morphology of 29 taxa, 24 of which are endemic to Turkey, was investigated in detail by light and scanning electron microscopy. LM examination showed pollen grains to be tricolporate, rarely tetracolporate, isopolar, radially symmetrical, subprolate, spheroidal-subprolate, operculate, tectum perforate, scabrate and microechinate. P. pecho Albow. and P. appendicigera C. Koch resemble the Montana type, C. pichleri subsp. pichleri Boiss. and C. pichleri subsp. extrarosularis (Hayek & Siehe) Wagenitz resemble the Cyanus type, and C. pseudoscabiosa subsp. pseudoscabiosa Boiss.& Buhse are consistent with the Dealbata type, C. pestalozzae Boiss. and C. carduiformis subsp. carduiformis DC. with the Scabiosa type, and the other taxa with Wagenitz's Jacea type.
Numerical Analysis of SDS-PAGE Protein Patterns of Facultative Alkaliphilic Bacillus Species Isolated From Lake Van, Turkey
(Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2006) Berber, İsmet; Berber, Şerife
In the present study, seven reference Bacillus species and a total of eighteen new facultative alkaliphilic Bacil-lus strains, isolated from the water of Lake Van and its soil surroundings, were identified using phenotypic charac-teristics and the numerical analysis of whole-cell protein profiles. According to morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics, it was found that the new isolated strains belonged to Bacillus genus. In addition, the research indicated that SDS-PAGE of polypeptides of whole-cell extracts can provide more valuable taxonomic information than conventional tests based on the pheno-typic characteristics at the species and subspecies levels. Numerical analysis of whole-cell protein profiles of test strains revealed 4 basic clusters (I-IV) at dissimilarity val-ues of 18.9 % or above. The results of numerical analysis confirmed that each cluster had characteristic and distinc-tive protein profiles. Indeed, this study showed that the application of numerical analysis, coupled with the utiliza-tion of a standardized identification system instead of sim-ple quantitative comparison of protein patterns, greatly enhanced the utilization of whole-cell protein profiles for identification of the facultative alkaliphilic Bacillus species.
The Influence of Pesticides on the Spore Viability, Toxin Stability and Larvicidal Activity of Bacillus sphaericus 2362 Strain
(Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2004) Berber, İsmet; Atalan, Ekrem; Çökmüş, Cumhur
In this study, 12 different commercial pesticides, in-cluding 5 fungicides, 5 herbicides, 1 aphicide and 1 acari-cide, were investigated for their effects on spore viability, toxin stability and larvicidal activity of a mosquito patho-genic B. sphaericus 2362 strain. Minimal inhibitory con-centrations (MICs) of each pesticide were determined after 48 h incubation of B. sphaericus 2362 strain. Ac-cording to MIC results, all pesticides showed various inhibitory effects on the growth of the test bacterium. Particularly, the pesticides which contain TCA, hymexa-zol, copper sulphate, hexythiazox, 2,4-D Amine, copper inhibited spore germination significantly and bacterial growth even at the lowest tested concentrations. Our re-sults indicated that various commercial pesticides in dif-ferent concentrations reduced the spore viability signifi-cantly and heat-resistant spore numbers of B. sphaericus 2362 strain. In general, the pesticides decreased the spore numbers 104-105-fold compared to initial ones. Further-more, it was observed that the larvicidal activity was completely lost when it was grown at the concentration of MIC values or higher. Indeed, SDS-PAGE analysis con-firmed that the binary toxin proteins, 41.9 kDa and 51.4 kDa, were lost at the MIC values and higher concentra-tions although parasporal crystals did not disappear in the much lower pesticide concentration.
Effect of Gramoxone Herbicide on Spore Viability and Larvicidal activity of Bacillus sphaericus 2362 and 1593 strains
(Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2003) Berber, İsmet; Atalan, Ekrem; Çökmüş, Cumhur
Spore viability and larvacidal activity of B. sphaeri-cus 2362 and 1593 strains were monitored in media con-taining Gramaxone® herbicide. Minimal Inhibitory Con-centrations (MICs) of the herbicide were determined for each of the mosquito pathogenic strains. Addition of paraquat into the media suppressed the spore germination after 24 and 48 h, but no influence was observed on parasporal inclusions containing insecticidal toxin pro-teins. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the presence of the so-called binary toxin comprising two proteins that are deposited in parasporal crystals treated with the herbicide. Moreover, the number of heat-resistant spores and total cell numbers of test strains were reduced drastically when test strains were grown in media containing 50, 100 and 200 mg ml-1 of paraquat. In contrast, there were no differ-ences between heat-resistant spore counts of both strains when grown under diet concentrations of less than 50 mg ml-1. This study revealed that B. sphaericus 2362 strain has a higher mosquito larvacidal activity than 1593 strain in the presence of paraquat in the media. Thus, the use of Gramaxone® herbicide can have harmful effects on mos-quitocidal biological control agents.
Protozoonların Tanısında İlmiğe Dayalı İzotermal Çoğaltma Yöntemi (LAMP)
(Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 2010) Kolören, Zeynep; Avşar, Cumhur; Atlı Şekeroğlu, Zülal
Protozoanlardan Apicomplexan şubesinin insan sağlığı yönünden çok önemli parazit cinsleri Plasmodium, Isospora, Toxoplasma, Babesia ve Cryptosporidium’dur. Protozoer hastalıkların tanısında kullanılan genel yöntemler, protozoonun vücutta yerleştiği yere, konağı terk etme yoluna ve klinikten gönderilen örneğe dayanır. Bazı protozoanların tanımlanmasında tek başına klasik yöntemler yeterli olmayıp türler arasındaki farklılığı belirlemek için moleküler metotlar kullanılmak zorundadır. Son yıllarda protozoanların tanımlanmasında sıklıkla kullanılan moleküler yöntemlerden biri de LAMP tekniğidir. Çok fazla teknik beceri ve profesyonel ekipmanlara gerek olmayan ancak güvenilir sonuçların elde edildiği lamp tekniğiyle sabit sıcaklıkta hedef DNA’dan kısa bir sürede çok fazla sayıda kopya elde etmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın amacı insan sağlığı yönünden önemli olan protozoanların tanımlanmasında lamp tekniğinin kullanılması ve diğer moleküler tekniklerle kıyaslanması hakkında bilgi vermektir.
Contribution to the Distribution, Morphological Peculiarities, and Karyology of the Greater Noctule, Nyctalus lasiopterus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), in Southwestern Turkey
(Turkish Journal of Zoology, 2008) Yiğit, Nuri; Bulut, Şafak; Karataş, Ahmet; Çam, Pınar; Saygılı, Fulya
The Greater Noctule, Nyctalus lasiopterus, was recorded from southwestern Turkey for the third time. The dorsal fur of the Greater Noctule, which also covers the underpart of the wing membrane, along with the forearm and propatagium, is uniformly dark brown. The cranium shows typical characteristics of the noctule bats. In addition to these, the exoccipital is convex and is markedly visible in the planar view of the skull. There is a small depression mid braincase. The dental formula is i: 2, c: 1, pm: 1, m: 3/i: 3, c: 1, pm: 2, m: 3 = 32. The diploid number of chromosomes and the number of chromosomal arms are 2n = 42 and FN = 54, respectively.
Morphometric and allozymic differences between Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus (Aves: Passeriformes) subpopulations in a large wetland and a small pond in central Anatolia, Turkey
(Turkish Journal of Zoology, 2013) Saygılı, Fulya; Yiğit, Nuri; Çam, Pınar; Yüce, Duygu
The Bearded Tit (Panurus biarmicus) is a small passerine bird occurring only in wetland habitats. Three subspecies of the Bearded Tit are known from Turkey. The endemic subspecies Panurus biarmicus kosswigi has only been recorded from Amik Lake in Turkey. This subspecies is now considered extinct; the apparent cause of this extinction was the drought affecting the lake. Other subpopulations might be similarly threatened by habitat loss. Therefore, it is important to investigate the morphometric characteristics and genetic variation of these local subpopulations. In this study, body weights and 12 morphometric characters were measured for Bearded Tit individuals in the Eber Lake and Behiçbey reedbed subpopulations. Statistically significant differences were found in extended wing length, maximum wing chord, and weight between the 2 subpopulations. Allozymic variation was also studied in the 2 subpopulations. Genetic variation was assessed using isozyme systems, and 8 of 21 loci (Pgm, Me-I, Me-II, Fum, Est, Mpi, Pgd, and Acon-M) were found to be polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci was higher at Eber Lake (P95% = 38.1%) than in the Behiçbey reedbed (P95% = 33.3%). The mean FST (0.048) and Nm (5.0) values showed high levels of gene flow between these subpopulations.
Notes on the Noctuidae fauna (Lepidoptera) collected by bait traps in organic vineyard and orchards of Kemalpaşa (Izmir) province of Turkey
(Munis Entomology & Zoology, 2011) Tanyeri, Rukiye; Üzüm, Ahu; Okyar, Zuhal; Tezcan, Serdar; Gülperçin, Nilay
In this study, information is given on 40 species belonging to Noctuidae fauna (Lepidoptera) collected by bait traps in organic vineyard and plum, pear and peach orchards in Kemalpaşa (Izmir) province of Western Turkey.
Notes on pitfall trap collected Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) species in organic vineyard and orchards of Kemalpaşa (İzmir) province of Western Turkey
(Munis Entomology & Zoology, 2010) Tanyeri, Rukiye; Üzüm, Ahu; Tezcan, Serdar; Keskin, Bekir; Gülperçin, Nilay
In this study, information is given on six species (Dailognatha quadricollis (Brullé, 1832), Gonocephalum pusillum (Fabricius, 1791), Pimelia verruculifera Solier, 1836, Opatroides punctulatus Brullé, 1832, Opatrum sabulosum (Linnaeus, 1761) and Zophosis punctata Brullé, 1832) belonging to Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) family collected by pitfall traps from ecological vineyard and plum, pear and peach orchards in Kemalpaşa (İzmir) province of Western Turkey. Among those D. quadricollis is more abundant than the others.
Sinop’da Yetişen Bazı Bitkilerin Metanolik Ekstraktlarının Antibakteriyal ve Antifungal Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi
(Karaelmas Science and Engineering Journal, 2013) Berber, İsmet; Avşar, Cumhur; Çine, Nevra; Bozkurt, Nevin; Elmas, Emire
Bu çalışmada, Sinop’da yetişen 15 farklı bitki türünden elde edilen metanol ekstraktların antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri 3 Gram-pozitif (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9345, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064), 2 Gram-negatif (Escherichia coli ATCC 11293 ve Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299) ve 3 maya (Candida krusei ATCC 6258, C. parapilosis ATCC 22019 ve C. albicans ATCC 14053) suşlarına karşı disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak test edildi. Antimikrobiyal etkisi incelenen bitki türlerinin tümünün bir veya daha fazla mikroorganizmaya karşı etkili olduğu bulundu. Ayrıca, Sinop’a endemik olan Crocus speciosus subsp. xantholaimos’ın test edilen Gram-pozitif ve Gram-negatif bakterilere karşı yüksek antibakteriyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu belirlendi. Buna karşın, Laurus nobilis yaprak ve meyve özütleri 3 Candida türüne karşı daha yüksek antifungal aktivite gösterdi. Genel olarak bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, incelen bitki ekstraktlarının antibakteriyal ve antifungal aktiviteleri arasında önemli bir farkın olmadığını gösterdi.
Changes in Abscisic Acid Contents of Some Aquatic Plants Exposed to Cadmium and Salinity
(International Journal of Botany, 2008) Sıvacı, Aysel; Elmas, Emire; Gümüş, Fatih
The content of absicisic acid in aquatic macrophytes (Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. and Potamogeton crispus L.) grown in cadmium medium (0, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg L-1) and cadmium+salt (0, 0.05 and 5‰ NaCl) was investigated. In Potamogeton crispus, the content of abscisic acid was found higher than Myriophyllum heterophyllum before treatment of cadmium. It was observed that the content of abscisic acid increased with increased in cadmium concentration (0, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg L-1) and time period (24 and 96 h) in both of species. The content of abscisic acid increased by salinity like the treatment with Cd. When the effects in combination of cadmium and salinity were considered, it was found that the content of abscisic acid increased with increased in cadmium at 0.05‰ NaCl but decreased at 5‰ NaCl. In the both species, the highest content of abscisic acid was observed in 64 mg L-1 Cd +0.05‰ NaCl at 96 h.
The effects of the pine sac beetle (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) on total phenolic compounds and photosynthetic pigment contents in pine species (Pinus nigra L. and Pinus brutia Ten.)
(African Journal of Biotechnology, 2012) Sıvacı, Aysel; Elmas, Emire; Bozkurt, Nevin; Duman, Sevcan
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the pine sac beetle (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) on the pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) and total phenolic compounds in the Pinus nigra L. and Pinus brutia Ten. spread throughout the forest areas in the Boyabat District of the Sinop Province. It was found that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids contents were lower on the leaves of the P. nigra and P. brutia which had pine sac beetles in comparison to those not having pine sac beetles. It was also observed that the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were decreased on the stems of both species but there was no significant change in the contents of carotenoid. The phenolic compound levels increased in the leaves and the stems of P. nigra and P. brutia which had pine sac beetles compared to those that did not have pine sac beetles.
The combined effects of cadmium and salinity on some pigments and total phenolic compounds of Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. and Potamogeton crispus L.
(African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2012) Sıvacı, Aysel; Elmas, Emire
In this study, the combined effects of different salinity and cadmium concentrations (0, 0.05‰ NaCl + 4 mg L-1 Cd, 0.05‰ NaCl + 64 mg L-1 Cd, 5‰ NaCl + 4 mg L-1 Cd, 5‰ NaCl + 64 mg L-1 Cd) on some pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and anthocyanins) and total phenolic compounds were investigated in two aquatic plants (Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. and Potamogeton crispus L.) at 24 and 96 h. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids decreased depending on Cd + NaCl concentrations and the time (24 h and 96 h) in both species (P<0.05). The anthocyanin concentrations showed differences in combined Cd and NaCl concentrations in both species at 24 and 96 h. In the two time periods (24 and 96 h), the levels of phenolic compounds at all concentrations of Cd + NaCl increased in both M. heterophyllum and P. crispus (P<0.05).

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