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    A Research on Growth and Meat Quality Parameters and Economic Conversion Rates of Different Feeding Regimes Applied to Cultured Large Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Net Cages in the Black Sea
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2025) Ozturk, Dilara K. A. Y. A.; Ozturk, Recep
    This study aimed to determine the effects of different feeding regimes an initial weight of 1045.12 +/- 43.51 g in the Black Sea on growth, meat quality performances, and economic conversion rates. The study was conducted in a commercial fish farm in the Sinop district of the Southern Black Sea (Turkey). Fish were grouped according to three different feeding regimes (R group fed according to feeding table (1% fish weight); D group fed 1 day/fasted 1 day; E group fed 6 days/fasted 1 day) and fed twice a day for five months. At the end of the 150-day study, it was found that the R and E groups had the best growth parameters (weight gain, specific growth rate, and thermal growth rate) and these results were statistically different from the D group (p<0.05). The best feed conversion rates (FCR) were determined to be in the E (1.57 +/- 0.04) and R (1.59 +/- 0.01) groups. Depending on the FCR of the groups, the economic conversion rate (ECR) of the E group was better than the other groups. In terms of meat quality, the biochemical, fatty acid, and amino acid compositions of the large rainbow trout fillets commercially grown in the Black Sea were found to be of good quality, nutritious, and safe for human consumption.
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    Determination of growth performance, meat quality and colour attributes of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey
    (Wiley, 2019) Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Recep; Karayucel, Sedat; Goren, Gulsen Uzun
    The aim of this study was to determine the growth performance, meat quality and colour attributes of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in net cage systems in the southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey. In the study, large rainbow trout with an initial weight of 1,322.07 +/- 57.72 g were reached to 3,385.30 +/- 140.98 g and the survival rates were 95.69 +/- 1.32% in 5-month production period. Crude protein and crude fat values of fish meat were ranged between 16.75 +/- 0.07-20.18 +/- 0.90% and 9.22 +/- 0.15-12.29 +/- 0.42%, respectively (p < .05). The essential and non-essential amino acid values were between 12.92 +/- 0.02-13.09 +/- 0.01 g/100 g and 11.97 +/- 0.14-11.47 +/- 0.01 g/100 g, respectively (p > .05). C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, 3 and 6 values in fish meat were between 4.32 +/- 0.02-4.30 +/- 0.08% (p < .05), 8.31 +/- 0.10-7.72 +/- 0.15% (p < .05), 13.41 +/- 0.10-12.93 +/- 0.23% (p < .05) and 21.85 +/- 0.06%-19.74 +/- 0.36 (p < .05), respectively. As a result, it can be concluded that large rainbow trout cultured in the southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey is a rich source of food in terms of fatty and amino acid compositions and atherogenicity index, thrombogenicity index and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic values.
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    Determination of Seasonal Vitamin and Mineral Contents of Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L., 1758) Cultured in Net Cages in Central Black Sea Region
    (Humana Press Inc, 2019) Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Baki, Birol; Karayucel, Ismihan; Ozturk, Recep; Goren, Guelsen Uzun; Karayucel, Sedat
    This study aimed to determine the seasonal vitamin and mineral contents of sea bream (Sparus aurata) cultured in net cages in Central Black Sea region. The average seasonal A, D-3, and E vitamins values in fish meat were between 0.27 +/- 0.02-0.60 +/- 0.00, 0.98 +/- 0.01-1.70 +/- 0.00, and 3.10 +/- 0.14-6.00 +/- 0.21mg/kg, respectively (p<0.05). The average seasonal Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn, and Se values in fish meat were between 276.90 +/- 0.99-1788.50 +/- 51.27 (p<0.05), 3.50 +/- 0.12-4.47 +/- 0.18 (p>0.05), 4244.50 +/- 8.84-4761.50 +/- 1.06 (p<0.05), 251.55 +/- 2.55-312.65 +/- 11.42 (p<0.05), 56.49 +/- 0.04-128.75 +/- 0.18 (p<0.05), 2234.50 +/- 15.20-2619.00 +/- 7.07 (p<0.05), 5.62 +/- 0.10-15.30 +/- 0.22 (p<0.05), and 0.30 +/- 0.00-0.38 +/- 0.01mg/kg (p>0.05), respectively. As a result, it can be concluded that sea bream cultured in the Central Black Sea region is a rich source of nutrients in terms of vitamins and mineral matters, and fish size, feed quality, and the environmental factors are influential on the contents of vitamin and mineral substances in the fish tissue.
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    Effects of stocking density on survival, growth and biochemical composition of cultured mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck 1819) from an offshore submerged longline system
    (Wiley, 2015) Karayucel, Sedat; Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Ismihan; Ozturk, Recep; Eyuboglu, Bora
    This study examined an offshore submerged mussel longline system, in the Black Sea, from May 2009 to May 2010. The system was allowed 1year for spat collection. After a 1-year spat collection period, some spat collectors were left untouched (NS), and some spat collectors were grazed and socked (S) for a grow-out study in May 2009. The effects of stocking density on the growth and survival of the S and NS mussels were examined. The biochemical composition of the mussels was also determined. Environmental factors including temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, total suspended matter, inorganic matter and organic matter were monitored monthly during the experimental period. In May 2010, the mean length and live weight of the S and NS mussels were 60.46 +/- 0.60mm and 53.34 +/- 0.37mm, respectively, and 20.50 +/- 0.50g and 13.11 +/- 0.26g respectively. Mean moisture and ash were 82.35 +/- 0.47% and 6.67 +/- 0.44% respectively. Mean carbohydrate, protein and lipid were 27.74 +/- 2.40%, 57.68 +/- 2.15% and 7.91 +/- 0.68% respectively. These results indicate that a submerged offshore mussel culture system in the Black Sea can be commercially convenient. In addition, stock management via thinning out of the spat can considerably increase the marketable size of mussels, reduce harvest time and produce better growth.
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    Meat Yield, Condition Index, and Biochemical Composition of Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) in Sinop, South of the Black Sea
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Sedat; Karayucel, Ismihan; Ozturk, Recep; Eyuboglu, Bora
    Monthly variations in meat yield and biochemical composition of Mediterranean mussels on lantern nets were investigated from May 2005 to May 2006, in Sinop, south of the Black Sea. Dry weight condition index was between 2.66 and 7.10% with a mean of 4.86 +/- 0.36%. Meat yield was maximum (26.69%) in March and minimum (17.43%) in October. Moisture values were between 78% (in June) and 86% (in April). Protein content in dry weight of mussels reached the highest value in February (74.64%) before the spawning time. Lipid value was maximum (18.03%) in May 2005.
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    Monthly variation of growth, biochemical composition, fatty and amino acids patterns of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in offshore cage systems under brackish water conditions in the Black Sea
    (Wiley, 2020) Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Ozturk, Recep; Baki, Birol; Karayucel, Ismihan; Karayucel, Sedat
    The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal variations of growth performance and biochemical composition, fatty and amino acids profiles of cage-cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in the Black Sea. The research was carried out on a yearly basis in the offshore cage systems of a commercial fish farm located on the coast of Samsun province, Turkey. Fish with an initial average weight of 2.44 +/- 0.03 g reached a harvest weight of 474.60 +/- 8.64 g with a survival rate of 94.26 +/- 0.60% in 14 months. The average specific growth rate and feed conversion rate were 0.92 +/- 0.30% and 1.45 +/- 0.05 respectively. Seasonal variation of total essential and total non-essential amino acids and EAA/NEAA ratios ranged between 7.80 +/- 0.00-11.22 +/- 0.02 g/100 g, 8.19 +/- 0.00-9.94 +/- 0.01 g/100 g and 1.01 +/- 0.00-1.18 +/- 0.01 respectively (p < 0.05). The average of total omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 values were 11.63 +/- 0.68%, 24.29 +/- 0.84% and 28.78 +/- 0.17% respectively. It was determined that gilthead sea bream showed a remarkable growth performance over the 14 months period under offshore marine conditions in the Black Sea. Growth performance, biochemical composition, fatty and amino acids profiles in fish were influenced by seasonal changes of water temperature and nutritional value of the used diets. Findings of the present study provide remarkable information in terms of the year-round growth performance and meat quality of cage-cultured gilthead seabream based on a long-term evaluation throughout the full-cycle of 14-month production period of a commercial cage farm operating in offshore conditions in the Black Sea area.
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    Settlement and growth of the mussels (Mytilusgalloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819) on different collectors suspended from an offshore submerged longline system in the Black Sea
    (Wiley, 2016) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Sedat; Karayucel, Ismihan; Eyuboglu, Bora; Ozturk, Recep
    A study of spat settlement of a submerged longline mussel culture system was carried out in Sinop area, Black Sea, between May 2008 and May 2009. The effects of six different types of collectors on spat settlement and growth were investigated. Six different types of spat settlement rope were used as polypropylene ropes with 18 mm diameter, 18 mm diameter timeworn silk rope, 22 mm diameter rope made from old hawser (OSR), 22 mm diameter ropes made from old anchovy net without pegs, 18 mm diameter old used nylon ropes and 18 mm diameter tasselled polypropylene ropes. Monthly temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, total suspended matter, inorganic matter and organic matter were determined during the experimental period. The best settlement was observed on the OSR type when measured per metre (3450.00 +/- 125.83 ind m(-1)). Consequently, the findings showed that settlement preference of spat occurred according to rope structure, and if ropes are designed to combine numerous well-fixed tassels, spat settlement can increase. Spat growth was affected by environmental factors and rope structure. In addition, the study revealed a negative relationship between density and growth.
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    The effects of environmental factors on survival, growth and biochemical composition of transplanted oysters (Ostreaedulis Linnaeus, 1758) from Aegean Sea to southern Black Sea
    (Wiley, 2015) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Sedat; Karayucel, Ismihan; Eyuboglu, Bora; Ozturk, Recep
    This study examined survival, growth rate and biochemical composition of oysters (Ostrea edulis) when transplanted from Aegean Sea to southern Black Sea (Sinop) and maintained offshore in a submerged long-line from December 2008 to December 2009. In December 2009, the mean length and live weight were 92.52 +/- 1.40mm and 109.60 +/- 2.41g respectively. Mean specific growth rate (SGR) was found as 1.29 +/- 0.16%. Meat yield ranged from 7.90 to 11.47%. Mean moisture and ash were 81.40 +/- 0.52% and 9.50 +/- 0.55% respectively. Protein content was between 36.57% and 61.31% with a mean of 50.17 +/- 2.13%, while lipid content was between 4.83% and 10.86% with a mean of 7.74 +/- 0.49%. Carbohydrate content was between 20.88% and 46.89% with a mean of 32.59 +/- 2.38%. The study demonstrated that protein, lipid and carbohydrate were used for different metabolic needs of oysters. Mortality was dependent on physiological stress related to the gonadal activity, temperature and inorganic matter in seawater. Consequently, the low salinity rate has a negative impact on growth rate of oyster. However, there was not a serious adaptation problem in transplanted oysters from Aegean Sea to Black Sea.