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Öğe Comparison of fatty acids and some mineral matter profiles of wild and farmed snails, Cornu aspersum Muller, 1774(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Duman, Mehmet Bedrettin; Sariipek, Merve; Goren, Gulsen Uzun; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kocatepe, Demet; Karayucel, SedatThe fatty acid and mineral matter compositions of the visceral mass and pedal mass of wild and farmed Cornu aspersum were compared. The relative fatty acid amounts of the visceral and pedal masses of wild and farmed snails are: polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) > saturated fatty acid (SFA) > monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), PUFA>SFA>MUFA, MUFA>PUFA>SFA and PUFA>MUFA>SFA, respectively. Wild snails had a higher concentration of iron and zinc than farmed snails. Selenium was 2.82 times higher in the pedal mass of farmed snails than the pedal mass of wild snails. Ca:P ratios in the visceral mass of wild snails, visceral mass and pedal mass of farmed snails were 1.76:1, 1.12:1 and 3.87:1 respectively. Both wild and farmed snails have high contents of oleic, linoleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids and are a good source of minerals. Careful attention should be paid, however, as to which diet will be used during farming because the composition of fatty acid in the snail is affected by diet.Öğe Comparison of Proximate and Amino Acid Composition between Farmed and Wild Land Snails (Cornu aspersum Muller, 1774)(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Duman, Mehmet Bedrettin; Sariipek, Merve; Goren, Gulsen Uzun; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kocatepe, Demet; Karayucel, SedatThe proximate and amino acid compositions of the visceral mass and pedal mass of wild and farmed land snail Cornu aspersum were compared. The lipid in all body parts of farmed snail was significantly higher than all body parts of wild snail. The ash content of wild snail pedal mass was higher than all body parts of farmed snails. The dominant amino acid was glutamic acid (Glu), while the highest values of essential amino acids were leucine (Leu) and arginine (Arg) in all body parts of all snails. Sulfur amino acid was the lowest value in C. aspersum, which indicated that methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) could have been the first limiting amino acids. The study results showed that the protein efficiency rate (PER) of C. aspersum is close to PER of egg, which indicates a high protein quality and high biological value of land snails. The study also demonstrated that the experimental diet had good acceptability and well-balanced essential amino acid content, meaning that the farmed snails could have almost the same protein characterization as wild snails. Thus, all body parts of both wild and farmed C. aspersum have high protein quality.Öğe Determination of growth performance, meat quality and colour attributes of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey(Wiley, 2019) Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Recep; Karayucel, Sedat; Goren, Gulsen UzunThe aim of this study was to determine the growth performance, meat quality and colour attributes of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in net cage systems in the southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey. In the study, large rainbow trout with an initial weight of 1,322.07 +/- 57.72 g were reached to 3,385.30 +/- 140.98 g and the survival rates were 95.69 +/- 1.32% in 5-month production period. Crude protein and crude fat values of fish meat were ranged between 16.75 +/- 0.07-20.18 +/- 0.90% and 9.22 +/- 0.15-12.29 +/- 0.42%, respectively (p < .05). The essential and non-essential amino acid values were between 12.92 +/- 0.02-13.09 +/- 0.01 g/100 g and 11.97 +/- 0.14-11.47 +/- 0.01 g/100 g, respectively (p > .05). C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, 3 and 6 values in fish meat were between 4.32 +/- 0.02-4.30 +/- 0.08% (p < .05), 8.31 +/- 0.10-7.72 +/- 0.15% (p < .05), 13.41 +/- 0.10-12.93 +/- 0.23% (p < .05) and 21.85 +/- 0.06%-19.74 +/- 0.36 (p < .05), respectively. As a result, it can be concluded that large rainbow trout cultured in the southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey is a rich source of food in terms of fatty and amino acid compositions and atherogenicity index, thrombogenicity index and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic values.Öğe Determination of Seasonal Vitamin and Mineral Contents of Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L., 1758) Cultured in Net Cages in Central Black Sea Region(Humana Press Inc, 2019) Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Baki, Birol; Karayucel, Ismihan; Ozturk, Recep; Goren, Guelsen Uzun; Karayucel, SedatThis study aimed to determine the seasonal vitamin and mineral contents of sea bream (Sparus aurata) cultured in net cages in Central Black Sea region. The average seasonal A, D-3, and E vitamins values in fish meat were between 0.27 +/- 0.02-0.60 +/- 0.00, 0.98 +/- 0.01-1.70 +/- 0.00, and 3.10 +/- 0.14-6.00 +/- 0.21mg/kg, respectively (p<0.05). The average seasonal Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn, and Se values in fish meat were between 276.90 +/- 0.99-1788.50 +/- 51.27 (p<0.05), 3.50 +/- 0.12-4.47 +/- 0.18 (p>0.05), 4244.50 +/- 8.84-4761.50 +/- 1.06 (p<0.05), 251.55 +/- 2.55-312.65 +/- 11.42 (p<0.05), 56.49 +/- 0.04-128.75 +/- 0.18 (p<0.05), 2234.50 +/- 15.20-2619.00 +/- 7.07 (p<0.05), 5.62 +/- 0.10-15.30 +/- 0.22 (p<0.05), and 0.30 +/- 0.00-0.38 +/- 0.01mg/kg (p>0.05), respectively. As a result, it can be concluded that sea bream cultured in the Central Black Sea region is a rich source of nutrients in terms of vitamins and mineral matters, and fish size, feed quality, and the environmental factors are influential on the contents of vitamin and mineral substances in the fish tissue.Öğe Development of Mussel (M. galloprovincialis L., 1819) Seed on Different Combined Collectors Used on Raft System, in Sinop, Black Sea(Medwell Online, 2009) Karayucel, Sedat; Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Ismihan; Erik, GoekhanRaft system was practiced for mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) culture in Sinop Region, Black sea. Four different types of collectors (A type collector was in 14 mm diameter nylon rope which is suspended from the the raft in known mussel settlement time. B type collector was in 14 mm diameter nylon rope which is suspended one month early from the known mussel settlement time. C type collector was in 22 mm diameter and made from old ship rope. D type colllector was in 19 mm diameter and made from old anchovy net) was conducted to investigate, effect of collector type on settlement. The results showed that collector types had a significant effect spat settlement. Both shape and surface structure of the collector was found significant (p<0.05). The filementous and thready surfaces of C and D type collectors were prefered by spats for initial settlement. D type collector had a highest density with 6.37 +/- 0.60 ind cm(-2). At the end of 8 months experimental period, the number of spats on A, B, C and D type collectors were found as 1218 +/- 7.90, 1344 +/- 6.80, 3480 +/- 5.10 and 3800 +/- 5.40 ind m(-1), respectively.Öğe Effect of a fishing closure on Chamelea gallina stocks along the Turkish coast(Cambridge Univ Press, 2023) Dagtekin, Murat; Dalgic, Goktug; Erbay, Murat; Akpinar, Ilkay Ozcan; Aydin, Mehmet; Ozdemir, Süleyman; Karayucel, SedatThe striped venus clam Chamelea gallina (SVE), plays an important role as an infaunal filter-feeder in the ecosystem, besides an important economic role in the Black Sea coasts of Turkey. It is caught using hydraulic dredge boats, then processed, and the final product (frozen meat) is exported to EU countries. SVE fishing requires a special licence and regulations. Also, SVE beds were closed to fisheries for the recovery of stocks for 2 years. In the study, SVE beds were investigated during the closed season over two years to assess stock density. Additionally, the number of macrobenthic species that share the same habitat as the SVE was determined. The sampling area was divided into five sub-areas and four strata by depth and then stratified random sampling was applied to collect data. In 2011, SVE stock sizes in the sub-areas were 11,723.58 +/- 5167.262 tons (Cide), 35,082.94 +/- 27,510.95 tons (Inebolu), 10,077.05 +/- 4970.68 tons (Turkeli), 3304.36 +/- 3215.1 tons (Ayancik) and 1431.3 +/- 1703.5 tons (Sarikum). In 2012, these estimated stocks were 13,820.41 +/- 6977.86 tons, 34,841.94 +/- 14,623.71 tons, 8148.27 +/- 5006.74 tons, 3420.72 +/- 3093.67 tons and 2023.74 +/- 2832.63 tons, respectively. However, the estimated SVE total biomass did not change significantly during the period when the fields were closed (P > 0.05). The results indicate that length-weight relationship parameters varied of b from 2.9011-2.9072 in two years. Shell damage during fishing, environmental factors, food competition and consumption by the main predator all have a significant impact on stock densities, and changes occurring in these conditions should be considered in fisheries management.Öğe Effect of Temperature on Some Reproductive Parameters of Gravid Females and Growth of Newly Hatched Fry in Guppy, Poecilia reticulta (Peters, 1860)(Medwell Online, 2008) Karayucel, Ismihan; Orhan, A. K.; Karayucel, SedatIn this study, the effect of temperature on growth and some reproductive parameters of guppy Poecilia reticulata were investigated. And 19, 21, 22.5, 26, 29, 32 and 35 degrees C water temperature treatments were used on newly hatched fry and gravid females for 11 days after parturitions and several days starting from the 16th day after first parturition until second parturition, respectively. Survival rates of heat treated fry were lower in the high temperature groups of 29 degrees C and over than the low temperature groups of 22.5 degrees C and lower. Same trend was observed for gravid female which all died in the temperature groups of 29 degrees C and over. Guppy fry grown better at temperature between 22.5-26 degrees C and the gravid female guppy produced high number of fry at temperature between 21-26 degrees C may support the hypothesis that an ontogenetic reduction in temperature optima with increasing size for growth and the optimum temperature for growth broadness as body increases. However, size and sex dependent optimum temperature range for optimum growth and reproduction of guppy could be in question.Öğe Effects of stocking density on survival, growth and biochemical composition of cultured mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck 1819) from an offshore submerged longline system(Wiley, 2015) Karayucel, Sedat; Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Ismihan; Ozturk, Recep; Eyuboglu, BoraThis study examined an offshore submerged mussel longline system, in the Black Sea, from May 2009 to May 2010. The system was allowed 1year for spat collection. After a 1-year spat collection period, some spat collectors were left untouched (NS), and some spat collectors were grazed and socked (S) for a grow-out study in May 2009. The effects of stocking density on the growth and survival of the S and NS mussels were examined. The biochemical composition of the mussels was also determined. Environmental factors including temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, total suspended matter, inorganic matter and organic matter were monitored monthly during the experimental period. In May 2010, the mean length and live weight of the S and NS mussels were 60.46 +/- 0.60mm and 53.34 +/- 0.37mm, respectively, and 20.50 +/- 0.50g and 13.11 +/- 0.26g respectively. Mean moisture and ash were 82.35 +/- 0.47% and 6.67 +/- 0.44% respectively. Mean carbohydrate, protein and lipid were 27.74 +/- 2.40%, 57.68 +/- 2.15% and 7.91 +/- 0.68% respectively. These results indicate that a submerged offshore mussel culture system in the Black Sea can be commercially convenient. In addition, stock management via thinning out of the spat can considerably increase the marketable size of mussels, reduce harvest time and produce better growth.Öğe Growth and Mortality Rates of Cornu aspersum: Organic Snail Culture System, Black Sea Region(Galenos Publ House, 2019) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Duman, Mehmet Bedrettin; Sariipek, Merve; Uzun Goren, Gulsen; Kaya Ozturk, Dilara; Karayucel, SedatThe study was aimed to examine a snail organic culture system and describe the cultivation properties of Cornu aspersum. The environmental parameters of the culture system and their effects on the growth and mortality rates of C. aspersum were determined between November 2014-October 2015. Snails were fed Spinacia sp. (spinach), Urtica sp. (nettles), Brassica oleracea sp (cabbage) and formulated diet. The feeding and growth rates increased with increasing temperature. Shell height growth rate was the highest in spring while the live weight growth rate was the highest in summer. Mortality rate of the baby snail was higher between November 2014 and May 2015 due to stress conditions such as handling and varying temperatures during their first stages of life. High mortality observed in adults could be associated with the spawning activity of the matured snails that caused physiological exhaustion. The result showed that the best culture cycle for C. aspersum was from spring to autumn in Black Sea region and in order to prevent postreproductive mortality, snails reached to marketable size should be harvested.Öğe Meat Yield, Condition Index, and Biochemical Composition of Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) in Sinop, South of the Black Sea(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Sedat; Karayucel, Ismihan; Ozturk, Recep; Eyuboglu, BoraMonthly variations in meat yield and biochemical composition of Mediterranean mussels on lantern nets were investigated from May 2005 to May 2006, in Sinop, south of the Black Sea. Dry weight condition index was between 2.66 and 7.10% with a mean of 4.86 +/- 0.36%. Meat yield was maximum (26.69%) in March and minimum (17.43%) in October. Moisture values were between 78% (in June) and 86% (in April). Protein content in dry weight of mussels reached the highest value in February (74.64%) before the spawning time. Lipid value was maximum (18.03%) in May 2005.Öğe Monthly variation of growth, biochemical composition, fatty and amino acids patterns of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in offshore cage systems under brackish water conditions in the Black Sea(Wiley, 2020) Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Ozturk, Recep; Baki, Birol; Karayucel, Ismihan; Karayucel, SedatThe aim of this study was to investigate seasonal variations of growth performance and biochemical composition, fatty and amino acids profiles of cage-cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in the Black Sea. The research was carried out on a yearly basis in the offshore cage systems of a commercial fish farm located on the coast of Samsun province, Turkey. Fish with an initial average weight of 2.44 +/- 0.03 g reached a harvest weight of 474.60 +/- 8.64 g with a survival rate of 94.26 +/- 0.60% in 14 months. The average specific growth rate and feed conversion rate were 0.92 +/- 0.30% and 1.45 +/- 0.05 respectively. Seasonal variation of total essential and total non-essential amino acids and EAA/NEAA ratios ranged between 7.80 +/- 0.00-11.22 +/- 0.02 g/100 g, 8.19 +/- 0.00-9.94 +/- 0.01 g/100 g and 1.01 +/- 0.00-1.18 +/- 0.01 respectively (p < 0.05). The average of total omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 values were 11.63 +/- 0.68%, 24.29 +/- 0.84% and 28.78 +/- 0.17% respectively. It was determined that gilthead sea bream showed a remarkable growth performance over the 14 months period under offshore marine conditions in the Black Sea. Growth performance, biochemical composition, fatty and amino acids profiles in fish were influenced by seasonal changes of water temperature and nutritional value of the used diets. Findings of the present study provide remarkable information in terms of the year-round growth performance and meat quality of cage-cultured gilthead seabream based on a long-term evaluation throughout the full-cycle of 14-month production period of a commercial cage farm operating in offshore conditions in the Black Sea area.Öğe Population dynamics and ecology of the invasive veined rapa whelk, Rapana venosa in the southern Black Sea(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Mutlu, Erhan; Kideys, Ahmet E.; Sahin, Fatih; Erik, Gokhan; Aksu, Hakan; Erdem, Ercan; Karayucel, SedatSpatial and temporal changes in some ecological characteristics (i.e. biomass, abundance, morphometrics, sex composition, growth parameters and population dynamics) of the invasive veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) were studied off Sinop Bay, in the southern Black Sea. The whelk specimens were sampled from three depths (15 m, 25 m and 35 m) at monthly intervals between November 2005 and October 2007. Custom-made pots were deployed for the capture of R. venosa individuals. Monthly distributions in whelk biomass and abundance peaked in summer (June/July) and mid-autumn (October) and displayed no differences between 2006 and 2007. With the exception of gut weight, all morphometric variables produced three peak periods (January, June and September, respectively) over one year. Densities, morphometrics and sex composition were dictated significantly by bottom depth and monthly variation. Two stages were defined in the ovary and testis index maxima denoting longer spawning and recruitments periods starting as early as in March which is a different finding compared to previous studies from the Black Sea. For the estimation of population growth parameters, of the five morphometric variables analysed, siphon width was the best variable to produce clear size cohorts. Whelk growth in terms of shell length and width oscillated seasonally and ceased during February-March. Maximum age of the veined rapa whelk in the southern Black Sea was determined as 3.5 years corresponding to 7 cohorts. Among the environmental parameters, dissolved oxygen, temperature and salinity appeared to affect whelk densities. Results obtained here are important for better management of the whelk fishery in the Black Sea.Öğe Settlement and growth of the mussels (Mytilusgalloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819) on different collectors suspended from an offshore submerged longline system in the Black Sea(Wiley, 2016) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Sedat; Karayucel, Ismihan; Eyuboglu, Bora; Ozturk, RecepA study of spat settlement of a submerged longline mussel culture system was carried out in Sinop area, Black Sea, between May 2008 and May 2009. The effects of six different types of collectors on spat settlement and growth were investigated. Six different types of spat settlement rope were used as polypropylene ropes with 18 mm diameter, 18 mm diameter timeworn silk rope, 22 mm diameter rope made from old hawser (OSR), 22 mm diameter ropes made from old anchovy net without pegs, 18 mm diameter old used nylon ropes and 18 mm diameter tasselled polypropylene ropes. Monthly temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, total suspended matter, inorganic matter and organic matter were determined during the experimental period. The best settlement was observed on the OSR type when measured per metre (3450.00 +/- 125.83 ind m(-1)). Consequently, the findings showed that settlement preference of spat occurred according to rope structure, and if ropes are designed to combine numerous well-fixed tassels, spat settlement can increase. Spat growth was affected by environmental factors and rope structure. In addition, the study revealed a negative relationship between density and growth.Öğe The effect of fishing on growth of the clam Chamelea gallina (Bivalvia: Veneridae) from the Turkish Black Sea coast(Cambridge Univ Press, 2010) Dalgic, Goektug; Okumus, Ibrahim; Karayucel, SedatAge and growth of the clam Chamelea gallina from dredged, non-dredged and closed areas of the Turkish Black Sea coast were estimated. Von Bertalanffy growth curves were fitted for each sampling site; asymptotic length (L infinity) values ranged between 25.995 and 28.883 mm and the growth coefficient (K) from 0.164 to 0.217 per year. Results indicate growth rates were significantly reduced in the far eastern commercial populations compared with those in western populations. According to our results presented here it can be concluded that C. gallina at closed area does not grow as fast as non-dredged stock and this is because of the shortness of closure season. Nevertheless we suggest that fallowing is the major precaution for the recovery of C. gallina stocks in the Black Sea.Öğe The effects of environmental factors on survival, growth and biochemical composition of transplanted oysters (Ostreaedulis Linnaeus, 1758) from Aegean Sea to southern Black Sea(Wiley, 2015) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Sedat; Karayucel, Ismihan; Eyuboglu, Bora; Ozturk, RecepThis study examined survival, growth rate and biochemical composition of oysters (Ostrea edulis) when transplanted from Aegean Sea to southern Black Sea (Sinop) and maintained offshore in a submerged long-line from December 2008 to December 2009. In December 2009, the mean length and live weight were 92.52 +/- 1.40mm and 109.60 +/- 2.41g respectively. Mean specific growth rate (SGR) was found as 1.29 +/- 0.16%. Meat yield ranged from 7.90 to 11.47%. Mean moisture and ash were 81.40 +/- 0.52% and 9.50 +/- 0.55% respectively. Protein content was between 36.57% and 61.31% with a mean of 50.17 +/- 2.13%, while lipid content was between 4.83% and 10.86% with a mean of 7.74 +/- 0.49%. Carbohydrate content was between 20.88% and 46.89% with a mean of 32.59 +/- 2.38%. The study demonstrated that protein, lipid and carbohydrate were used for different metabolic needs of oysters. Mortality was dependent on physiological stress related to the gonadal activity, temperature and inorganic matter in seawater. Consequently, the low salinity rate has a negative impact on growth rate of oyster. However, there was not a serious adaptation problem in transplanted oysters from Aegean Sea to Black Sea.Öğe The reproductive response of Cornu aspersum to different hibernation conditions(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Celik, M. Yesim; Dernekbasi, Seval; Sariipek, Merve; Karayucel, SedatThis study was conducted between February and May 2019 on mature Cornu aspersum in the Black Sea region, Turkey to investigate the effects of different hibernation situations on reproductive responses. Three snail groups were studied: NH (natural hibernation), ASH (artificial short hibernation) and ALH (artificial long hibernation). NH showed inactive behaviour and had no reproductive activity while ASH and ALH performed intensive reproduction. During the experiment, the mean spawning rate (SpR), egg number (EgN), hatching rate (HR) and offspring number (OfN) were 20.50 +/- 1.69%, 100.10 +/- 5.22, 85.63 +/- 2.36 and 80.69 +/- 5.44 in the ASH group; 23.43 +/- 3.36%, 122.33 +/- 7.62, 61.55 +/- 10.76 and 70.26 +/- 11.60 in the ALH group, respectively. In conclusion, the high temperatures in the winter months of 2019 may have caused NH snails to become reproductively inactive, or it could simply be a consequence of their life-history strategy. Snails in the ASH and ALH groups represented a resource allocation trade-off between fecundity and survival to carry the genetic information to the next generation. This study leads to a better understanding of land snail reproductive physiology and behavioural responses to different hibernation conditions.
