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Öğe ANALYSES OF parC AND gyrA MUTATIONS IN CIPROFLOXACIN-RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE pseudomonas aeruginosa ISOLATED FROM SOIL BY PCR-RFLP AND SSCP METHOD(Slovak Univ Agriculture Nitra, 2018) Avsar, Cumhur; Aras, E. SumerThe aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of gyrA and parC mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant and susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from soil and to evaluate the suitability of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) techniques as screening methods for molecular characterizations of ciprofloxacin resistance. From the examined 21 P. aeruginosa isolates 9 strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin. These 21 P. aeruginosa isolates and one control strain were analyzed for alterations in the ciprofloxacin resistance determining region of gyrA and parC by RFLP and SSCP analyses. The PCR reaction confirmed the presence of the gyrA and parC genes in all of the strains. PCR-RFLP analyses with SacII for gyrA and Hinfl for parC were performed as a screening method. We found that 18 and 17 out of 22 isolates have SacII and Hinfl restriction site and 4 and 5 strains did not have the site recognized by these enzymes, respectively. Seven for gyrA and fourteen for parC PCR products were electrophoresed for SSCP. By SSCP analysis, 21 (in parC) and 15 (in gyrA) different band patterns were detected, and each pattern corresponded to a distinct mutation. As a result, the RFLP and SSCP methods are suitable for a molecular screening of ciprofloxacin resistant and susceptible P. aeruginosa isolates. SSCP analysis can also provide advantage for the detection of novel and multiple mutations. In addition, we can say that environmental monitoring followed by clinical surveillance can be successful in uncovering previously unrecognized cases of infection.Öğe Antimicrobial Activity of Hemolymph and Venom Obtained from Some Scorpion Species(2020) Koç, Halil; Avsar, Cumhur; Bayrakcı, YusufThe aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of hemolymph and venom obtained fromsome scorpion species. Venom samples were obtained by electrical stimulation method from five different scorpionspecies. Again, hemolymph fluids were obtained from five different scorpion species. Antimicrobial activities of hemolymphand venom diluted 1:1 with sterile saline were tested against a total of 10 microorganisms including seven bacteria andthree yeasts using disc diffusion method. Venom samples of Protoiurus kraepelini s howed i nhibition z ones o f 9 -20 m mon all microorganisms tested. Venom from this species has the highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Thevenom samples of Aegaeobuthus gibbosus were effective (7-12 mm) on all microorganisms except Enterococcus faecalisand Micrococcus luteus. In addition, it was found that venoms obtained from Androctonus crassicauda, Hottentotta saulcyiand Leiurus abdullahbayrami have different levels of antibacterial effect but no antifungal effect against Candida species.Scorpion hemolymphs have been shown to have similar effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Besides,the obtained hemolymphs have been found to have low effect (7-9 mm) on microorganisms.Öğe Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera from different habitats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Karahan, Faruk; Avsar, Cumhur; Ozyigit, Ibrahim Ilker; Berber, IsmetIn this study, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of root methanolic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera (Waldst. & Kit.) Boiss. (Fabaceae) were investigated. Plant samples were collected from different habitats in the East Mediterranean part of Turkey. The plant extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against nine bacterial and two yeast strains using disc-diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. The antioxidant activity was determined by using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The antimicrobial assays indicated that the plant root extracts were more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative ones. In addition, the extracts had higher antimicrobial effect against Candida species than against bacteria. The extracts showed good antioxidant activity, with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the range of 588 +/- 0.86 mu g/mL to 2190 +/- 1.73 mu g/mL. Results indicated that different environmental conditions in each habitat might affect the contents of chemical compounds and biological activity in the natural licorice populations of. This study also supported the traditional use of licorice and as well as suggested that it may also be its beneficial role in the treatment of other infections. The obtained results indicated that different environmental conditions in each habitat might affect the contents of chemical compounds and the biological activity in the natural licorice populations.Öğe Assessment of rice rhizosphere-isolated bacteria for their ability to stimulate plant growth and their antagonistic effects against Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Avsar, CumhurThis study looked at the possibility of using bacteria that were separated from the rhizosphere of rice plants to promote plant development and offer biological control against pests that affect agriculture. A total of 119 bacteria were isolated from rice rhizospheres collected from six different locations. Of these, 15.47% showed phosphate solubilization, 47.05% showed IAA, 89.07% showed siderophore, and 10.08% showed ACC deaminase activity. Generally, high siderophore production was observed in strains showing ACC deaminase activity. The antagonistic behavior of all strains against the walnut pest Xanthomonas arbiricola was also studied, and eight (6.7%) isolates suppressed the growth of this pathogen (7-43 +/- 2 mm zone diameter). It was also noted that these eight isolates showed almost exclusively siderophore activity. In contrast to IAA and siderophore synthesis, the study demonstrated reduced activity levels for phosphate solubilization and ACC deaminase. The 16S rRNA sequence results of some of the bacteria selected in this study and AFLP analysis based on some restriction enzymes showed that the diversity was quite high. According to the 16S rRNA analysis, the high antagonistic effect of strain 71, which is one of the members of the Enterobacter genus, shows that it can be used as a biocontrol agent. In this study, it was revealed in detail that bacteria can be preferred as alternative biological agents for plant growth instead of synthetic fertilizers. This is the first study on this subject in this region, which is one of the important points of the country in terms of rice production.Öğe Biological activities and chemical composition of essential oil of Achillea maritima (L.) Ehrend. & YPGuo(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Elkiran, Omer; Avsar, Cumhur; Bagci, EyupThis study aimed to describe the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) of stems, leaves and flowers of A. maritima collected from Turkey, and verify its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The EO was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Fifty-nine compounds representing to 98.1% of the EO were identified. The antimicrobial activities were determined against seven bacteria and two yeast species by using disc diffusion and MIC techniques. According to the results, it was observed that there was no effect of the EO against Gram-positive bacteria. The EO showed a low effect (8-9 mm) against Gram-negative bacteria, but the EO had a high effect (20-22 mm) against the tested fungi. In addition, according to the MIC test results, the EO presented effects against C. krusei, C. parapsilosis at a concentration of 50 mu l/ml. The antioxidant activity of the EO was determined as IC50 = 31.9 mu l/mL.Öğe Characterization of Environmental Bacillus Isolates by Protein Fingerprinting and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Profiles(Springer India, 2017) Berber, Ismet; Avsar, Cumhur; Yegin, Zeynep; Civek, SeyhanThe aim of the present study was to investigate antibiotic resistance, plasmid, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles of the Bacillus spp. isolated from soil of Sinop environs, Turkey. A total of fifty-seven isolates were identified as Bacillus spp. based on morphological and physiological properties. All isolates were found resistant to bacitracin. Susceptibility patterns of the isolates to other tested antibiotics varied from 100 to 31.5 %. The plasmid analysis results indicated that isolates harbored 2 to 7 plasmids. The numerical analysis of whole cell and extracellular protein profiles of the isolates displayed similarity levels between 78–100 and 67–100 % respectively reflecting the less discriminative power of SDS-PAGE at subspecies level. However, RAPD analysis of genomic DNA using four different universal primers revealed 100 % polymorphism indicating the strength of RAPD in the differentiation of Bacillus isolates. © 2016, The National Academy of Sciences, India.Öğe CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF ENDEMIC THYMUS LEUCOSTOMUS HAUSSKN. ET VELEN(Bangladesh Botanical Soc, 2020) Elkiran, Omer; Avsar, CumhurThe chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils from the leaves of endemic Thymus leucostomus naturally grown in Turkey were investigated and chemical differences were discussed by means of chemotaxonomy. Twenty-six components were identified representing 98.8% of the oils. The main compounds in the essential oil of T. leucostomus were: o-cymene (30.6%), carvacrol (9.6%), thymol methyl ether (7.2%), limonene (6.8%). Essential oil was screened for their antimicrobial activities against 7 bacteria and 2 yeast species by using disc-diffusion and MIC procedure. The essential oil showed higher effectiveness against all the tested bacteria and yeast. The extract was observed to be much more effective in Gram-positive bacteria (especially, S. aureus ATCC 6538). In vitro antioxidant activity based on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical was evaluated for the essential oil, and it was found that the essential oil had good antioxidant activity in the range of the IC50 = 5.42 +/- 0.8 mu g/ml.Öğe CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE LEAVES OF VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS L.(Bangladesh Botanical Soc, 2020) Elkiran, Omer; Avsar, CumhurThe chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oil (EO), obtained from the leaves of Vaccinium myrtillus naturally grown in the northernmost of Turkey were determined by GC and GC-MS and chemical differences were discussed with the help of chemotaxonomy. The leaves of the plant samples were hydro-distilled to produce oil in the yields of 1%. Nineteen components were identified representing 96.4% of the oil. The main compounds in the EO of V. myrtillus were; 1,8-cineole (38.6%), alpha-pinene (21%), linalool (19.5%), alpha-terpineol (5.8%). The EO extract was screened for their antimicrobial activities against the 9 bacteria and 3 yeast species by using disc-diffusion and MIC procedure. The EO extract displayed more effective against all the tested bacteria (especially, S. aureus ATCC 6538 and MRSA) and yeast (only C. krusei). The MIC values of sample against tested microorganisms were found to be in the range of 320 to >1280 mu g/ml. The most effective MIC values were observed against the S. aureus and MRSA (320 mu g/ml). In vitro the antioxidant activity based on the 1,1-diphenly-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical was evaluated for the EO extract, and it was found that the extract had good antioxidant activity in the range of the IC50 = 583.4 +/- 11 mu g ml. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the EO from the leaves of V. myrtillus has been reported for the first time.Öğe Community structures and comparison of nosZ and 16S rRNA genes from culturable denitrifying bacteria(Springer, 2020) Avsar, Cumhur; Aras, E. SumerThe objectives of this study were (i) to isolate and characterize of cultivable denitrifying bacteria using classic microbiological and molecular methods, (ii) to compare of 16S rRNA and nosZ genes as molecular markers, (iii) to determine bacterial community structure and diversity in soil samples using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. In this study, 49 bacterial isolates were cultivated and phylogenetic analyses grouped them into two phyla: Proteobacteria (37 species) and Firmicutes (12 species). Our study showed that the nosZ functional gen could be used to identify denitrifying bacteria abundance in environment but could not be used to identify pure bacterial cultures. In addition, the bacterial community structure showed significant differences among the various soil types. Phylogenetic analysis of community structure indicated that 51 clones could be divided into 2 phylotypes. Uncultured bacteria (80.4%) and Gammaproteobacteria (19.6%) were the dominant components of the soil bacterial community. For 16S rRNA, PCR products of 49 bacteria were obtained with 27F-1492R primer pairs. For nosZ, PCR products were obtained with primers 1F-1R (259 bp), 2F-2R (267 bp), and F-1622R (453 bp) of 39 bacteria that the single nosZ band provided on the agarose gel. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone library was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli. The nosZ clone sequences did not represent the bacteria from which they were obtained but were found to be closer to the environmental clones. Our study showed that the nosZ functional gene could be used to identify denitrification abundance in environment but could not be used to identify pure bacterial cultures. It was also found that the nosZ sequences showed uncultured denitrifier species.Öğe Comparative Study on Phytochemical Profiles, Antiproliferative, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Adonis Species from Turkey(Springer, 2022) Karahan, Faruk; Avsar, Cumhur; Turkmen, Musa; Gezici, Sevgi; Ilcim, AhmetThe present study aimed to determine antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and also phytochemical composition of different nine Adonis L. species from Turkey. Leaves extracts of the plant samples were used to evaluate antimicrobial activity against 7 bacteria and 2 yeast strains using MICs and disc-diffusion methods. The antioxidant activity of plant samples was determined by using DPPH radical scavenging activity method. MTT assay was used for evaluation antiproliferative activities of the extracts against HL-60, HCA-7 and HUVEC human cells. Chemical composition of plant extracts were determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. The antimicrobial analyses results showed Gram-negative bacteria more sensitive than Gram-positive against the extracts, and the values were varied from 3.1 to 13.4 mu g/mL. The leaf extract of different Adonis species exhibited remarkable antiproliferative activities towards tested human cancer cells in a dose and time dependently, and they were found to possess more antiproliferative activity against HL-60 cells than that of the HCA-7 cells. As for the chemical composition of Adonis species, they were found to contain many components with antimicrobial and beneficial effects, such as ethyl palmitate, ethyl linoleate. Overall, it was concluded that leaves extracts of Adonis species could have a great potential for use in medicinal drug sources.Öğe Detection of Cryptosporidium Species in the Sea and Tap Water Samples of Black Sea, Turkey(Allen Press Inc, 2013) Koloren, Zeynep; Kaya, Derya; Avsar, CumhurThe aim of this study was to evaluate Cryptosporidium spp. contamination of sea and tap water samples from Sinop and Ordu Provinces, Black Sea, Turkey. The samples (10 L) were collected in spring, summer, autumn, and winter in 2011. A total of 128 water samples was analyzed using an immunofluorescence test (IFT), as well as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected by IFT in 43 of the 70 samples (61.4%; 1-40 oocysts per 0.5 L) and 35 of the 58 samples (60.3%; 1-23 oocysts per 0.5 L) in the sea water samples from Ordu and Sinop, respectively. The highest number of oocysts by IFT were detected in spring and winter in Ordu and Sinop, respectively. The results of the S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAM) gene LAMP assays were 65.5% positive for Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium hominis, and Cryptosporidium meleagridis in all examined samples, while the SSUrRNA gene nested PCR assay was 31.0% positive. Six C. parvum nested PCR products from all positive samples were successfully sequenced.Öğe Detection of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas isolates and distribution of denitrifying functional genes(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Onal, Nur; Avsar, Cumhur; Aras, E. SumerSumerThe aim of this study was to characterize 59 Pseudomonas strains isolated from soil samples in terms of Inducible Beta-Lactamase (IBL), fluorescence production, antibiotic resistance, presence of plasmids and genetic diversity, as well as denitrification functional genes. Fourteen out of fifty-nine (23.7%) Pseudomonas isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant. To evaluate the contribution of denitrification functional genes to genetic diversity, PCR products were screened by RFLP. It was determined that the 18, 6 and 22 out of 59 isolate harbored nirS, nirK and nosZ genes, respectively. It was found that the 37 isolates were nosZ-negative. Thus, these results suggest that nosZ gene-missing pseudomonad denitrifiers are partly contribute to N2O emission. Moreover, nirS, nirK and nosZ genes were found to be positive with IBL and negatively correlated with fluorescence production. These results suggest that Pseudomonas species have important roles in soil and even in biosphere due to their diversity and genetic factors.Öğe Determination of the superior quality properties of randomly selected chestnut honey samples from the Sinop region(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Avsar, Cumhur; Aslan, Hakan; Yumak, Tugrul; Tabak, Ahmet; Deniz, Nuray TurkIn this study, a total of 43 chestnut honey samples were randomly selected and collected from the Erfelek, Ayancik, and Turkeli districts of Sinop. The pollen content of all honey samples was determined, revealing that chestnut pollen accounted for over 90% in most cases. The chestnut honey from the Sinop region is considered of high quality compared to other chestnut honeys, primarily due to its low HMF (Hydroxymethylfurfural) levels, low moisture content, high proline content, and significant pollen content. The antibacterial activities of these honey samples were assessed using the agar well diffusion method, Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC), and Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) methods. It is worth mentioning that certain samples exhibited significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones ranging from 15 to 20 mm, which is comparable to standard antibiotics. The antioxidant activities of all honey samples were evaluated using a 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine assay. The results obtained indicate that the chestnut honey produced from the chestnut forests in the Sinop province meets the criteria outlined in the Turkish Food Codex Honey Communique. The high proline content exceeding 1000 mg/kg and very low hydroxymethyl furfural values below 1 mg/kg observed in certain chestnut honey samples contribute to their high quality and safety. Additionally, the average pH of 4.81 and free acidity values below 50 meq/kg recorded for the analyzed honeys further reinforce these findings.Öğe Determining the Effects of Some Bacteria on Wooden Toys Treated with Antibacterial Protective Coatings(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2022) Aykan, Recep; Avsar, Cumhur; Bilgic, Mehmet Bilgehan; Kesik, Haci IsmailSeveral protective coatings enhanced by antimicrobial agents and/or pigments were considered for the wooden toy market: water-based matte varnish, an ultra-hygiene water-based matte varnish (WBV-UH), a polyurethane matte varnish (PUV), and an ultra-hygiene antiviral polyurethane matte varnish (PUV-UH), as well as a water-based dye (WBV 5%K), an ultra-hygiene water-based dye (WBV-UH 5%K), a polyurethane dye (PUV 5%K), and an ultra-hygiene polyurethane dye (PUV-UH 5%K), which contain 5% red nano-pigment (K). By utilizing 7 kinds of bacteria and 2 types of yeast that are commonly detected in routine, daily settings, the efficacy of the different protective coatings on wooden toy surface was investigated. The antibacterial and antimicrobial activities of the tested dye samples were based on the agar-well diffusion method. Ultimately, the study found that the addition of antimicrobial agents to several different protective coatings and dyes resulted in the presence of antimicrobial activity vs. the lack thereof with protective coatings and dyes alone. Additionally, some of the dyes with added antimicrobial agents were found to be effective against biofilm formation. Overall, the addition of pigment into the coating, alongside the addition of antimicrobial agents, proved to be highly effective in inhibiting growth and spread of microorganisms on wooden toy surface.Öğe Epiphytic bacterial community analysis of the macroalgae Gongolaria barbata collected from the Sinop region on the Black Sea coast(Ibrahim Ilker ÖZYIGIT, 2024) Avsar, Cumhur; Gümüs, FatihThe purpose of this study was to ascertain the epiphytic bacterial community structure of macroalgae Gongolaria barbata (Stackhouse) Kuntze samples taken from seawater using Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. It also aims to quickly obtain information regarding the composition of communities and the quality of the seawater. G. barbata samples were subjected to total DNA extraction, SSCP analysis was conducted with a focus on the V4-V5 region of 16S rRNA, and the bacterial community structure was determined through sequence analysis of a few chosen bands. Upon analyzing the SSCP gel picture and dendrogram, it was seen that the bacterial community structure on the macroalgae varied based on the location as well as within the same species. It was noted that the Gammaproteobacteria class accounted for 84.375 percent of the bands that were acquired from the SSCP analysis. The fact that the sequencing data generated from the bands collected at various points largely resembled Vibrio and Klebsiella genera was notable. This situation highlights the strong link between harmful or opportunistic infectious organisms and macroalgae species, several of which have been suggested for ingestion as food. Furthermore, even if research in the literature suggests that the macroalgae and the microbial load of the nearby water sample do not significantly correlate, we can conclude that this data suggests the possibility of risk.Öğe Investigating Some Microbial Pollution Parameters of Seawater and Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck 1819) of Sinop Black Sea Coastal Zone, Turkey(Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2014) Berber, Ismet; Avsar, CumhurThe presence of coliforms bacteria is one of the most prevalent problems in terms of public health in marine ecosystems over the world. In this study were investigated the physico-chemical properties of seawater and the numbers of total aerobic, total coliform, fecal coliform, E. coli O157: H7 and fecal streptococci in seawater and mussel samples collected from Sinop environs between May and October 2011. The microbiological analysis of seawater samples showed that the difference between total coliform, fecal coliform and fecal streptococci numbers (p< 0.05) was significant for each station. However, the difference among total aerobic bacteria numbers for each stations (p> 0.05) were not found significant. The difference between whole counting results for mussel samples taken from different sampling sites was not significant (p> 0.05), too. Furthermore, the results of the screening assay for the presence of E. coli O157: H7 showed that the strain was not detected in neither seawater nor mussel samples. In conclusion, it was determined that fecal coliform and fecal streptococci counts in the seawater and mussel samples were higher than legal (Turkish Bathing Water and Quality of Fishery Products Regulation) limit values for some stations in Sinop coastal areas.Öğe Isolation and Description of Bacterial Strains from Iron-Enriched Media: Phylogenetic Perspectives, Functional Features, and Hunting for Iron-Oxidizers(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2025) Uysal, Burak; Avsar, CumhurThe main objective of this study was to isolate aerobic neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria on iron-containing media. Of the 51 pure strains of bacteria examined in the study, every isolate had a reduction in NO3-, 34 (68%) had siderophores in the range of 0-101.2 +/- 11.1 mu mol, 16 (31.3%) had biofilm (two strains with high biofilm), and 10 (19.6%) had phosphate-solubilizing activity. Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, and Serratia species exhibited a significant degree of resemblance; however, the majority of the strains examined, as determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis, belonged to the Bacillus genus. Furthermore, using the BstNI enzyme for AFLP analysis, 47 strains were discovered to exhibit significant diversity and more than 50% similarity. Moreover, it was discovered that 20 of the strains examined may cause corrosion on Winogradsky medium. The dried and powdered corrosion samples' FTIR spectra were strikingly comparable to those of Fe(OH)3. Although pure iron-oxidizing bacteria were not cultivated, microscopic observations indicated the unique morphologies of Gallionella and Leptothrix. Both isolates were regrettably lost when it was discovered that they could not be maintained under laboratory culture conditions. The ecological functions of bacteria in iron cycling and their possible uses in controlling corrosion and nutrient dynamics are highlighted in this work.Öğe Measurement of antibiotic resistance of microbial species in the Karasu River (Turkey) using molecular techniques(Wiley, 2019) Avsar, CumhurThe Karasu River (Sinop, Turkey) was sampled for bacteriological analyses and investigation of antibiotic resistance at the bacterial isolates. In the study, the physical properties and numbers of total aerobic (TA), total coliform (TC), faecal coliform (FC), faecal Streptococci (FS) and Escherichia coli in water samples were investigated. E. coli strains were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, antibiotic resistant genes, virulence genes and plasmid DNA analysis and fingerprinting techniques. The bacteriological analysis results showed that the difference between TA, TC, FC and FS numbers (p > 0.05) was not significant for a total of four stations. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) values of tested strains were found in range from 0.4 to 0.7. The antibiotic resistance genes of strains; tetA (33.9%), bla(cym-2) (12.5%) and cat1 (16.7%) were screened by PCR method. Out of a total of 57 E. coli isolates, 11 E. coli strains were positive for the eae (19.6%) gene, representing atypical EPEC, whilst only one strain was positive for the eae and stx1 (1.7%) gene, representing STEC. Present study has shown that the aquatic environments can be reservoirs of pathogenic E. coli strains. The study also indicated that PCR-based techniques might especially be helpful in the rapid identification of multidrug-resistance analysis and virulence genes of strains. Karasu stream, which is important in Sinop province, Turkey, was investigated for the first time in this study in terms of a molecular microbiological perspective.Öğe Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli strains isolated from sea water and black mussel of Sinop Peninsula, Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Avsar, Cumhur; Berber, Ismet[No abstract available]Öğe Molecular epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates(Elsevier Brazil, 2016) Berber, Ismet; Avsar, Cumhur; Yegin, Zeynep; Tekerci, Melike; Civek, Seyhan[No abstract available]
