Yeşil kaplan karidesi (Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844)'nin yemlerinde alternatif hammadde kaynakları kullanımının araştırılması
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Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Sinop Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı doğal sularımızda bulunan yeşil kaplan karidesinin (Penaeus semisulcatus) beslenmesinde alternatif yerli hammadde kaynakları [tavuk unu (TU), soya unu (SYU), mısır glüteni (MGU), yer fıstığı (YFU) ve fındık küspesi (FKU)] kullanılarak ekonomik ve hidrostabiltesi yüksek karides yem formulasyonlarının geliştirilmesidir. Bu amaçla yedi farklı rasyon [BU, %10BU+TU, %10BU+MİKS1, %10BU+MİKS2, MİKS1(SYU+MGU+YFU+FKU), MİKS2 (SYU+MGU) ve TU+MİKS2] hazırlanmış ve sekiz haftalık besleme çalışmasının sonunda karideslerde büyüme, yem tüketimi ve sindirim performanslarının yanı sıra et dokuda temel besin bileşenleri, yağ asitleri ve aminoasit kompozisyonunda meydana gelen değişimler incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada dokuz farklı bağlayıcı maddenin (sodyum bentonit, kalsiyum bentonit, sodyum alginat, karboksimetil selüloz, guar gam, pektin, kitozan, karregenan ve sodyum hekzametafosfoat) karides yemlerinin hidrostabilitesi üzerine etkileri de araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda alternatif bitkisel protein kaynakları ilave edilen yemlerle beslenen grupların büyüme performansı değerleri kontrol (BU) grubu ile benzer bulunmuştur. SU+MGU karışımı (MİKS2) ve özellikle %10 BU+MİKS2 yemleri karideslerde yüksek yaşama oranı ve büyüme sağlamıştır (P<0.05). Kas doku EPA değerleri gruplar arasında %9.92 ile %10.54 arasında (P<0.05) ve DHA değerleri ise %13.78 ile %19.31 arasında (P<0.05) farklılıklar göstermiş olmakla birlikte, genel olarak HUFA'ların kas dokuda yüksek seviyelerde bulundukları tespit edilmiştir. MİKS1 yemleriyle beslenen gruplarda besin madde sindirilebilirliklerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Penaeus semisulcatus için BU'nun rasyonlardan çıkartılabileceği, ancak cezbedicilik ve besinsel denge açısından, yeme %10 seviyesinde eklenmesinin daha uygun olabileceği görülmüştür. BU yerine alternatif hammaddelerin kullanımı yem maliyetini %18.42-29.82 düzeyinde azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada gerçekleştirilen hidrostabilite testlerinde, kuru madde/protein kayıpları ve ekonomik göstergeler açısından en başarılı bağlayıcılardan birisi olarak buğday glüteni ön plana çıkmıştır.
The aim of this study was to develop economically and water stable feeds using natural raw alternative protein sources [fish meal (FM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), soybean meal (SBM), corn gluten meal (CGM), peanut meal (PM) and hazelnut meal (HM)] in nutrition of the green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) inhabiting our natural waters. For this purpose, seven different feed rations [(10% FM+PM, 10% FM+MIX1, 10% FM+MIX2, MIX1 (SBM+CGM+PEM+HM), MIX2 (SBM+CGM) and PM+MIX2] were formulated and tested in an eight-week feeding study on shrimp growth, feed consumption and digestion performances, as well as changes on meat proximate, fatty acids and amino acids compositions. Additionally, the effects of nine different binders (sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum, pectin, chitosan, carrageenan and sodium hexametafosfoat) on the hydrostability of shrimp feed were also investigated. At the end of the study, growth performance values of groups fed on feed formulated with vegetable protein sources were found to be similar to the control group. MIX2 and especially 10% BU + MIX2 feeds provided high survival rate and growth in shrimps (P<0.05). Muscle tissue EPA levels varied between 9.92% and 10.54% (P<0.05) and DHA values between 13.78% and 19.31% (P<0.05), while generally HUFA were found to be high in muscle tissue. The MIX1 feed was found to have higher nutrient digestibility. It has been seen that FM can be removed from the formulations for P. semisulcatus, but it may be more appropriate to add it at 10% to ensure more palatability and nutritional balance. The use of alternative raw materials instead of FM decreased feed cost by 18.42-29.82%. In the hydrostability tests carried out, wheat gluten has emerged as one of the most successful binders in terms of dry matter/protein losses and economic indicators.
The aim of this study was to develop economically and water stable feeds using natural raw alternative protein sources [fish meal (FM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), soybean meal (SBM), corn gluten meal (CGM), peanut meal (PM) and hazelnut meal (HM)] in nutrition of the green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) inhabiting our natural waters. For this purpose, seven different feed rations [(10% FM+PM, 10% FM+MIX1, 10% FM+MIX2, MIX1 (SBM+CGM+PEM+HM), MIX2 (SBM+CGM) and PM+MIX2] were formulated and tested in an eight-week feeding study on shrimp growth, feed consumption and digestion performances, as well as changes on meat proximate, fatty acids and amino acids compositions. Additionally, the effects of nine different binders (sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum, pectin, chitosan, carrageenan and sodium hexametafosfoat) on the hydrostability of shrimp feed were also investigated. At the end of the study, growth performance values of groups fed on feed formulated with vegetable protein sources were found to be similar to the control group. MIX2 and especially 10% BU + MIX2 feeds provided high survival rate and growth in shrimps (P<0.05). Muscle tissue EPA levels varied between 9.92% and 10.54% (P<0.05) and DHA values between 13.78% and 19.31% (P<0.05), while generally HUFA were found to be high in muscle tissue. The MIX1 feed was found to have higher nutrient digestibility. It has been seen that FM can be removed from the formulations for P. semisulcatus, but it may be more appropriate to add it at 10% to ensure more palatability and nutritional balance. The use of alternative raw materials instead of FM decreased feed cost by 18.42-29.82%. In the hydrostability tests carried out, wheat gluten has emerged as one of the most successful binders in terms of dry matter/protein losses and economic indicators.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Su Ürünleri, Aquatic Products
