Avrupa'da sağ popülizm: Hollanda'da Özgürlük Partisi örneği
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Sinop Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Popülizm, günümüzde dünya siyasetini giderek etkisi altına almaktadır. Bu tez, Dünya genelinde ve özellikle Batı Avrupa ülkelerinde popülist siyasetin yükselişi çerçevesinde Hollanda'da Özgürlük Partisi'ni (Partij Voor de Vrijheid-PVV) incelemekte ve PVV'nin parti programları, stratejisi ve liderinin söylemleri ele alınarak hareketin neden popülist olarak değerlendirildiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. PVV, Batı Avrupa ülkelerinde görülen diğer popülist hareketlerden, partilerden ve politikacılardan popülist özellikleri açısından farklılıkları nedeniyle incelenmeye değer bir örnektir. PVV'nin amaçları ve programları kuruluşunun ilk yıllarında daha ılımlı sağ siyaset yürütürken, ilerleyen yıllarda aşırı sağ siyasete yaklaşan politikaya geçiş yaparak göç, AB (Avrupa Birliği) ve küreselleşme karşıtı bir parti haline gelmiştir. Bu çerçevede tez üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde, farklı tanımlamaları yapılan ve araştırmacılar tarafından farklı yaklaşımlarla ele alınan popülizmin çeşitli bakış açılarına yer verilmiş ve kavramın tarihsel olarak ortaya çıkışı ve türleri incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, sağ ve sol ayrımı irdelenerek sonrasında spesifik olarak Batı Avrupa özelinde endişeyle karşılanan fenomen sağ popülizmin yükselişinin nedenleri çerçevesinde sağ popülist partilerin türlerine, politikalarına ve söylemlerine yer verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise, çalışmanın temelini oluşturan Hollanda'da popülizmin ortaya çıkışı irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca PVV'nin kuruluşunu, bir siyasi partiye dönüşmesini ve 2006-2023 yılları arasında yerel ve ulusal seçim programları, seçim süreçleri ve lider Geert Wilders'ın söylemleri incelenmiştir.
Populism is increasingly influencing world politics today. This thesis examines PVV in the Netherlands within the framework of the rise of populist politics around the world and especially in Western European countries. It aims to reveal why the movement is considered populist by discussing the Freedom Party's party programs, strategy and the discourses of its leader. PVV is an example worth examining due to its differences in terms of populist features from other populist movements, parties and politicians seen in Western European countries. While the aims and programs of the PVV pursued a more moderate right-wing policy in the first years of its establishment, in the following years it transitioned to a policy approaching far-right politics and became a party against immigration, the EU (European Union) and globalization. In this context, the thesis consists of three parts. In the first chapter, various perspectives of populism, which have been defined differently and handled with different approaches by researchers, are included and the historical emergence of the concept and its types are examined. In the second part, the distinction between right and left is examined and then the types, policies and discourses of right-wing populist parties are included within the framework of the reasons for the rise of right-wing populism, a phenomenon that is met with concern specifically in Western Europe. In the third chapter, the emergence of populism in the Netherlands, which forms the basis of the study, is examined. In addition, the establishment of PVV, its transformation into a political party, and local and national election programs, election processes and the discourses of leader Geert Wilders between 2006 and 2023 are examined.
Populism is increasingly influencing world politics today. This thesis examines PVV in the Netherlands within the framework of the rise of populist politics around the world and especially in Western European countries. It aims to reveal why the movement is considered populist by discussing the Freedom Party's party programs, strategy and the discourses of its leader. PVV is an example worth examining due to its differences in terms of populist features from other populist movements, parties and politicians seen in Western European countries. While the aims and programs of the PVV pursued a more moderate right-wing policy in the first years of its establishment, in the following years it transitioned to a policy approaching far-right politics and became a party against immigration, the EU (European Union) and globalization. In this context, the thesis consists of three parts. In the first chapter, various perspectives of populism, which have been defined differently and handled with different approaches by researchers, are included and the historical emergence of the concept and its types are examined. In the second part, the distinction between right and left is examined and then the types, policies and discourses of right-wing populist parties are included within the framework of the reasons for the rise of right-wing populism, a phenomenon that is met with concern specifically in Western Europe. In the third chapter, the emergence of populism in the Netherlands, which forms the basis of the study, is examined. In addition, the establishment of PVV, its transformation into a political party, and local and national election programs, election processes and the discourses of leader Geert Wilders between 2006 and 2023 are examined.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science