Türk yükseköğretim sisteminde prekaryalaşma süreci
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Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Sinop Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Neoliberalizm çağı aynı zamanda prekaryalaşma çağı olarak da ifade edilebilir. Sanayi ve teknolojinin ilerlemesi ve uluslararası ticaretin gelişmesi neticesinde 1900'lü yıllarda uygulanan liberal ekonomi politikaları ile sermayenin önündeki engeller kaldırılmaya çalışılmış; devletin ekonomi üzerindeki yetkisi sınırlandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Büyük Buhran ve akabinde patlak veren II. Dünya Savaşı döneminde liberal ekonomi politikaları yerini, daha milliyetçi ve korumacı nitelik taşıyan Keynesçi refah politikalarına bırakmıştır. 1970'li yıllarda patlak veren Petrol Krizi neticesinde yeni liberal ekonomi politikaları tekrardan gündeme gelmiş ve neoliberalizm tekrardan uygulama alanı bulmuştur. Neoliberal politikaların ülke siyasetlerinde ve ekonomilerinde etkin rol oynaması, sayısal esneklik, işlevsel esneklik ve çalışma ücretlerinde esneklik gibi kavramların hayatımıza girmesine, emek de dahil olmak üzere her şeyin metalaşmasına ve toplumun giderek daha güvencesiz bir hayata sürüklenmesine neden olmuştur. Bu durum ise prekarya kavramının ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Başta özel sektörde görülen prekaryalaşma süreci zaman içerisinde kamuya ve akademiye de sıçramıştır. Hatta öyle ki dünya genelinde akademiye girmek gitgide zor bir hal alırken akademiden çıkmak daha kolay bir hale getirilmiştir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada iş güvencesizliği nedeniyle gelecek kaygısı yaşayan bir akademisyenin ne kadar sağlıklı bir şekilde bilim yapabileceği sorusuna cevap aranmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma, akademide kalmanın yapılan bilimsel çalışmalardan alınan puan sistemine bağlanmasının, bilimin gelişmesine olumsuz yönde etki edeceği düşüncesiyle hazırlanmıştır. Literatür taraması esas alınarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada öncelikle prekaryanın temelini oluşturan ortama ilişkin bilgiler sunulmuş, akabinde yükseköğretimin tarihçesine yer verilerek Batılılaşma dönemi sonrasında ülkemizdeki yükseköğretime ilişkin yapılan hukuki düzenlemeler karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte akademide işten çıkartılmaların kolaylığına ilişkin somut veriler sunacak nitelikteki idari davalara ve sonuçlarına ilişkin bilgilere yer verilmiştir.
The age of neo-liberalism can also be expressed as the age of precariatism. As a result of the progress of industry and technology and the development of international trade, the liberal economic policies implemented in the 1900s tried to remove the obstacles in front of the capital; the power of the state over the economy was tried to be limited. The Great Depression and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. During the World War II, liberal economic policies were replaced by Keynesian welfare policies, which were more nationalist and protectionist. As a result of the Oil Crisis that broke out in the 1970s, new liberal economic policies came to the fore again and neo-liberalism found application area again. The fact that neo-liberal policies play an active role in the politics and economies of the country has led to the introduction of concepts such as numerical flexibility, functional flexibility and flexibility in working wages, the commodification of everything including labor; and led to the society being dragged into an increasingly precarious life. This situation also led to the emergence of the concept of precariat. The precariatization process, which was first seen in the private sector, spread to the public and academia sector over time. In fact, while getting into academia around the world has become more and more difficult, leaving the academy has been made easier. From this point of view, in this study, it has been tried to find an answer to the question of how well an academician who is worried about the future due to job insecurity can do science. This study has been prepared with the thought that connecting staying in the academy to the point system obtained from scientific studies will have a negative effect on the development of science. In this study, which was prepared on the basis of literature review, first of all, information about the environment that formed the basis of the precariat was presented, then the history of higher education was given and the legal regulations regarding higher education in our country after the westernization period were discussed comparatively. In addition, information on administrative lawsuits and their results, which will provide concrete data on the ease of dismissal in the academy, is given.
The age of neo-liberalism can also be expressed as the age of precariatism. As a result of the progress of industry and technology and the development of international trade, the liberal economic policies implemented in the 1900s tried to remove the obstacles in front of the capital; the power of the state over the economy was tried to be limited. The Great Depression and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. During the World War II, liberal economic policies were replaced by Keynesian welfare policies, which were more nationalist and protectionist. As a result of the Oil Crisis that broke out in the 1970s, new liberal economic policies came to the fore again and neo-liberalism found application area again. The fact that neo-liberal policies play an active role in the politics and economies of the country has led to the introduction of concepts such as numerical flexibility, functional flexibility and flexibility in working wages, the commodification of everything including labor; and led to the society being dragged into an increasingly precarious life. This situation also led to the emergence of the concept of precariat. The precariatization process, which was first seen in the private sector, spread to the public and academia sector over time. In fact, while getting into academia around the world has become more and more difficult, leaving the academy has been made easier. From this point of view, in this study, it has been tried to find an answer to the question of how well an academician who is worried about the future due to job insecurity can do science. This study has been prepared with the thought that connecting staying in the academy to the point system obtained from scientific studies will have a negative effect on the development of science. In this study, which was prepared on the basis of literature review, first of all, information about the environment that formed the basis of the precariat was presented, then the history of higher education was given and the legal regulations regarding higher education in our country after the westernization period were discussed comparatively. In addition, information on administrative lawsuits and their results, which will provide concrete data on the ease of dismissal in the academy, is given.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kamu Yönetimi, Public Administration, Siyasal Bilimler
