ŞEYH KAVRAMINA YÖNELİK ELEŞTİRİLER ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Özet
Tasavvufun bir ilim şubesi olmasının yanında, bir yaşam tarzı olduğu da açıktır. Şeyh, tasavvufun bu her iki yönünü organize eden ve cihetlerin icaplarını yerine getirerek manevi otorite kazanan bir figür olarak tebarüz eder. İlmî açıdan şeyh, tasavvufun teorik alanına hâkimdir; tasavvufî bilginin ve kültürün aktarımını sağlayarak, onun eğitim yoluyla yaşamasında etkin rol oynar. Diğer yandan, teorik kısmın işaret ettiği yaşam tarzını hayatında uygular ve bilginin pratikteki somut görüntüsünü de bir örnek olarak hayata geçirir. Böylece şeyhin, tasavvufun her iki yanını da etkileyen ve onun devamını sağlayan vazgeçilmez rolü de ortaya çıkmış olur. Bununla beraber, tasavvufun teorik ve pratik atmosferini kuran unsurlar içinde şeyh, en çok eleştiri alan kavramlardan biridir. Şeyhe atfedilen tartışılmaz manevi otorite, koşulsuz itaat, kendi iradesini bir başkasının iradesine bağlama, akla ket vurma gibi hususlar eleştirilerin ana eksenini oluşturur. Fakat tam da bu noktada, bir algı ve bilgi karmaşası, eleştirilerin isnat noktalarında yanlışlıklar olduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Makalede, bu karmaşanın kısmen de olsa giderilmesi ve eleştirilerdeki bazı yanlış noktaların belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
It is clear that sufism is a life style as well as a branch of (Islamic) knowledge. The sheikh becomes clear as a figure who organizes both sides and has a spiritual authority by fulfilling two sides of sufism. From the scientific point of view, the sheikh knows well the theoretical field of sufism; he plays an active role in continuing sufism's existence via education. Sheikh, on the other hand, puts into practice the life method that pointed by theoretical side and the concrete image of knowledge in practice as a model in his life. Thus, the indispensable role of the sheikh, which affects both sides of sufism and provides its continuance appears. However, among the factors that create the theoretical and practical atmosphere of Sufism, the sheikh is one of the most criticized concepts. The issues such as unquestionable spiritual authority ascribed to sheikh, unconditional obedience, to hand over the reins to someone else, that is to say to give someone else power over you to another one, irrationality form the main axis of critics. But that's precisely the point: An informational and conceptual convergence emerge, and so it becomes clear that there are wrong ideas which make criticals go wrong in some ways. In the article, it is aimed at partly eliminating this complexity and determining some of the inaccurate points in the criticism.
It is clear that sufism is a life style as well as a branch of (Islamic) knowledge. The sheikh becomes clear as a figure who organizes both sides and has a spiritual authority by fulfilling two sides of sufism. From the scientific point of view, the sheikh knows well the theoretical field of sufism; he plays an active role in continuing sufism's existence via education. Sheikh, on the other hand, puts into practice the life method that pointed by theoretical side and the concrete image of knowledge in practice as a model in his life. Thus, the indispensable role of the sheikh, which affects both sides of sufism and provides its continuance appears. However, among the factors that create the theoretical and practical atmosphere of Sufism, the sheikh is one of the most criticized concepts. The issues such as unquestionable spiritual authority ascribed to sheikh, unconditional obedience, to hand over the reins to someone else, that is to say to give someone else power over you to another one, irrationality form the main axis of critics. But that's precisely the point: An informational and conceptual convergence emerge, and so it becomes clear that there are wrong ideas which make criticals go wrong in some ways. In the article, it is aimed at partly eliminating this complexity and determining some of the inaccurate points in the criticism.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din Bilimi
Kaynak
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
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