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Öğe Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical study of new cocrystals and charge-transfer compounds(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Sahin, Zarife Sibel; Kartal, ZekiThis study used single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, theoretical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and theoretical ultraviolet spectroscopy to characterize 3 newly synthesized crystalline compounds. Additionally, the nonlinear optical, highest occupied molecular orbital energies, lowest occupied molecular orbital energies, band gap, molecular electrostatic potential, and thermodynamic parameters of the 3 crystalline compounds were examined. The strong correlation between experimental IR spectra and theoretical NMR chemical shifts confirmed the accuracy of computational predictions. The molecular formulas of the 3 newly synthesized crystalline compounds, each containing different ligand molecules, were: C8H14O42(C6H4N2), C5H7N2NCS, and Ni(CN)42(C5H7N2)2(H2O) for compounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Crystallographic analysis showed that the compounds crystallize in the space groups P1, P21/n and C2/m, respectively. Their molecular packing is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds (C-H center dot center dot center dot O, O-H center dot center dot center dot N, N-H center dot center dot center dot N, N-H center dot center dot center dot S, O-H center dot center dot center dot N, and N-H center dot center dot center dot O) and noncovalent interactions (C-H center dot center dot center dot pi and pi center dot center dot center dot pi). Computational studies using Gaussian 03 and CrystalExplorer further elucidated their structural, magnetic, electrooptic, and electrochemical properties.Öğe Chlorella vulgaris measurements using full-spectrum goniometer for optically complex inland water monitoring(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2026) Gurbuzer, Pinar; Leloglu, Ugur MuratRising environmental stressors, including climate change, nutrient loading, pollution, and anthropogenic impacts, have made the continuous monitoring of lake water quality increasingly essential. While in situ methods offer high precision, satellite-based remote sensing is essential for capturing large-scale, long-term changes and accessing remote or extreme environments. To complement these approaches, we developed a cost-effective in situ optical measurement system specifically designed for optically complex inland waters. The instrument enables detailed optical characterization across scattering angles from 0 degrees to 160 degrees and wavelengths between 423 and 728 nm, covering both visible and near-infrared regions. Initial validation was performed using monocultures of Chlorella vulgaris, a well-established model organism for chlorophyll-a optical studies. As a result of laboratory measurements of C. vulgaris monocultures using a spectral goniometer, forward and backward scattering profiles, polarization characteristics, three-dimensional patterns, volume scattering functions, and radiant intensities at 90 degrees across Sentinel-3 OLCI bands toward density changes were modeled. The results confirmed Mie scattering dominance in line with the theoretical expectations. Overall, the developed full-spectrum goniometer can serve as a reliable and practical tool for in situ optical monitoring.Öğe Avlona-Alonia: A New Extra-Urban Sanctuary in Northwest Cyprus(Koc Univ Suna & Inan Kirac Res Ctr Mediterranean Civilizations-Akmed, 2025) Kaba, HazarThis study presents the initial examination of a recently discovered sanctuary at Alonia, situated in Northwest Cyprus. Unearthed during a rescue excavation in 2014, the site reveals diverse artifacts, including votive figurines, statues, and various architectural elements, primarily from the Cypro-Archaic to early Roman periods. The sanctuary's architecture and its strategic location on fertile land align with characteristics of extra-urban Cypriot sanctuaries, therefore offering insights into the socioreligious landscape of ancient Cyprus. Analysis of the artifact corpus highlights the shifts in the sanctuary's votive practices, suggesting transitions from elite ideological displays to more localized ritual activities that were eventually repurposed in the Roman era for secular functions. This paper underscores Alonia's role in regional religious practices and hints at broader political and social dynamics across Cypriot sanctuaries, thus paving the way for future investigations into its architectural and ritualistic evolution.Öğe A new perspective to using statistical convergence with respect to power series method in measure(Ankara Univ, Fac Sci, 2025) Cinar, SelinIn this paper, we study the concept of statistical convergence with respect to the power series method in measure, which is a new modification of the power series method. Also, using this convergence, we obtain the Lebesgue bounded convergence theorem and the fundamental theorems of measure theory. Finally, we prove Korovkin's theorem as an application using this notion of convergence.Öğe THE MEDIATING ROLE OF LOCAVORISM IN THE EFFECT OF LOCAL FOOD CONSUMPTION VALUE ON INTENTION TO PURCHASE LOCAL FOODS(Akdeniz Univ, Tourism Fac, 2025) Bayar, Sinan Baran; Kement, Uzeyir; Dogan, Seden; Sengoz, Ayse; Erkol Bayram, Gul; Cobanoglu, CihanThe number of studies exploring attitudes toward local food is limited but growing. This research aims to fill the gap by testing food consumption value as a second-order construct and assessing its impact on attitudes toward local food, locavorism, and the intention to purchase local food. Additionally, the study examines the conditions that may influence the effect of food consumption value. The study sample consists of participants aged 18 and older who consume local food. The research model was analyzed for validity, reliability, and structural relationships using Smart PLS statistical software. The findings indicate that taste and quality values are significant in shaping attitudes toward local food, whereas price and prestige values did not have a positive effect on these attitudes. Moreover, the study shows that positive attitudes toward local food increase the intention to purchase it. Lastly, the elements of lionization and communalization were found to reinforce both positive attitudes toward local food and purchase intentions, while the element of opposition did not demonstrate this effect.Öğe Creating Flight Safety Risk Analysis System: Samsun Çarşamba Airport Example(Turkish Chamber Civil Engineers, 2026) Uzun, Omer Faruk; Hosbas, Ramazan GurselThis study examines the risk analysis and results carried out around Samsun & Ccedil;ar & scedil;amba Airport through the Flight Safety Risk Analysis System (FSRAS), which was developed to increase aviation safety and minimize risks. It focuses on the effects of land management and zoning legislation on flight safety associated with development around the airport. In the study, possible threats to flight safety due to environmental factors and human activities were determined and risky areas were analysed. With the software developed using the Python programming language, dynamic spatial queries were made via Google Maps and Google Places APIs, and the results were visualized on the QGIS platform. The analysis revealed the existence of structures that could threaten flight safety, such as a waste separation facility within the 13-kilometer risky area, fuel stations in the 15-kilometer risky area, places of worship and schools in the 3-kilometer risky area. In this context, it is recommended to minimize risky construction around the airport and to implement land management policies in accordance with international standards.Öğe Approach of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts and Cookery Students towards In Vitro Meat(Selcuk Univ Press, 2025) Altundag, Ozlem Ozer; Samav, UfukToday, environmental issues, ethical concerns, and population growth have led to the questioning of traditional animal protein production methods. In vitro meat technology, developed in this context, stands out as an innovative method that enables the production of meat from animal cells in a laboratory setting. However, despite its clearly established technological and environmental benefits, consumer acceptance and social perceptions remain uncertain. This study aimed to examine the perceptions and attitudes of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts and Cookery students towards in vitro meat (IVM) and to reveal the acceptability and potential of this innovative food technology. The study was conducted with the participation of a total of 403 students studying at the Gastronomy and Culinary Arts and Cookery departments of Sinop University and Karabuk University. A total 66.7% of the participants reported being unfamiliar with the concept of in vitro meat. In the analyses, gender (p=0.105) and university (p=0.123) variables did not have a significant effect on general attitudes towards IVM, but a statistically significant difference was found between Karabuk and Sinop University students in the tendencies of trying, consuming and purchasing (p=0.032). Although the participants think that IVM is unnatural (IVM is unnatural statement, Mean=4.02), their perceptions of its ethical and environmental benefits are more neutral. In conclusion, considering the potential of in vitro meat technology to effectively use limited natural resources, reduce environmental impacts and ensure food safety, the integration of this technology into the culinary field is of great importance. However, in order to realize this potential, it is necessary to create a wider awareness in the society, to include such innovative technologies more in educational programs and to develop strategies to ensure that food industry professionals adopt this innovation.Öğe The Role of Democracy and Economic Freedom in Economic Growth: Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries(Sosyoekonomi Soc, 2025) Cakmakli, Bahadir MuratEconomic growth has been included in the literature as a historical concept that countries have endeavoured to achieve. To date, economic growth has been analysed using a variety of variables. In our study, the economic growth of seven developed countries and eleven developing countries, as well as military expenditures, democracy, economic freedom, foreign direct investment, and unemployment, were analysed using the Panel EGLS model. As a result of the analysis, it was found that economic freedom has a negative and insignificant effect, while democracy and unemployment have an adverse and significant impact. Additionally, military expenditures and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) have a positive and significant impact on economic growth.Öğe Teacher's Perspectives on Social Gender Formation in Pre-School Children(Cukurova Univ, 2025) Tosun, Ayse; Akar, Tuba; Gundogdu, KerimThe purpose of the study is to examine teachers' views on the formation of gender roles in preschool children. In this study, a qualitative research approach based on the phenomenological method was used. The study group consisted of fourteen volunteer preschool teachers with different genders and seniority working in different preschool institutions. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview form and analysed through descriptive analysis. When the findings of the study were examined, it was seen that many factors such as family and society's approach to children, teacher attitudes and behaviours, and extended family factors were effective in the formation of gender in preschool children in the context of gender roles according to the teachers. In addition, it is noteworthy that children raised in families and society with a traditionalist perspective may develop similar patriarchal perspectives. This study also shows that well-designed pre-school curriculum in terms of gender roles can prevent discrimination based on gender roles and that both genders can develop gender perception under equal when such curriculuma are implemented appropriately by teachers.Öğe Evaluation of gene interaction and similarity in 17 different cancer pathways(Marmara Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2025) Bursalioglu, Ertugrul Osman; Kalay, Saban; Metin, SefaThis study investigates similarities and gene interactions in 17 different cancer types using Kyoto University's KEGG cancer pathways. Using Python software and the Google Colab platform, gene similarities and interactions within cancer pathways were calculated through Jaccard similarity indices and interaction analyses. The results reveal important genes and pathways shared between cancer types, providing insights into common molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression. These findings may contribute to the identification of potential therapeutic targets by understanding the biological processes shared between cancers. In comparisons between different cancer types, gene similarities ranged between 43% and 47% and pathway similarities ranged between 25% and 46%. These results reveal that while some cancer types are genetically similar, they show differences in biochemical processes. In the gene interaction study among 17 different cancer pathways, the highest interaction rates were observed in colorectal cancer between entries '43-40' with ('activation'), in pancreatic cancer between entries '113-6' with ('activation'), and in hepatocellular carcinoma between entries '122-224' with ('activation'), showing nearly 100% interaction. On the other hand, the lowest interaction rates were found in colorectal cancer between entries '39-135' with ('missing interaction') and in melanoma between entries '95-106' with ('missing interaction'), showing 0% interaction.Öğe Actinobacteria with heavy metal tolerance from the Sinop coast: A molecular characterization approach(Ege Univ, Fac Fisheries, 2025) Veyisoglu, Aysel; Tatar, Demet; Tokatli, Ali; Duyar, Hunkar AvniThis study aimed to isolate and molecularly characterize marine actinobacteria tolerant to heavy metals from sediment samples collected from the Meydankap & imath; coast in Sinop, T & uuml;rkiye. Sediment samples were obtained from three different stations and cultured on five selective media, leading to the isolation of 54 actinobacteria strains. The highest isolation efficiency was achieved on R2A and SM3 media. The tolerance of the isolates to heavy metals, including lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), was tested. The results revealed that all isolates were sensitive to Hg and Cd but exhibited high tolerance to Pb. Twelve isolates, showing the highest resistance to heavy metals, were selected for genomic DNA isolation. The 16S rRNA gene region was amplified using universal primers and sequenced. Sequence analysis identified the isolates as belonging to the genera Streptomyces, Actinomadura, Nocardia and Nonomuraea. The approximately 1500-bp 16S rRNA gene sequences were compared with the EzTaxon database, and the closest species were determined. The obtained sequences were deposited in the GenBank database. The results indicate that marine actinobacteria isolated from polluted sediments of the Black Sea possess significant potential for bioremediation and environmental biotechnology applications due to their resistance mechanisms to heavy metals.Öğe An empirical study on total quality management in aquaculture processing plants(Ege Univ, Fac Fisheries, 2025) Yucel, Sennan; Yigit, Tuce Altin; Goren, Gulden UzunThis research is the first empirical study in the aquaculture sector that aims to examine the total quality management (TQM) practices of managers and employees in aquaculture processing plants. Although the concept of quality has existed since ancient times in human history, it has gained its modern meaning as TQM in the last fifty years. In this context, the aim of the study is to evaluate the implementation of TQM in the aquaculture sector and to reveal its effects on the competitiveness and sustainability of enterprises. The population of the research consists of managers and employees working in Aquaculture Processing Plants. In the research, demographic and socio-economic status of the participants were determined. In addition, in the analysis of the data, it was aimed to obtain more meaningful and summarised factors by using the dimension reduction method. The 26 variables applied in the field were reduced to 6 (six) factors by factor analysis. These factors explained 70.724% of the total variance. The findings of the study are expected to provide a significant contribution to the scientific literature in this field as well as preparing the ground for further and comprehensive research.Öğe Perception analysis of fisheries and agricultural credit cooperative members regarding cooperatives(Ege Univ, Fac Fisheries, 2025) Yucel, Sennan; Yundem, Sebahattin; Goren, Gulden UzunThis research is one of the rare studies that aims to examine the perceptions of the members of Fisheries Cooperatives and Agricultural Credit Cooperatives on cooperatives together. The demographic, socio-cultural and socio-economic conditions of the members of cooperatives, their demands from cooperatives and their perceptions of cooperatives, which are among the pioneers of horizontal organisation in civil society organisations, were examined. A scale consisting of multiple choice and Likert type questions was used in the study. The data obtained from the research were analysed by descriptive and logistic regression methods. It was determined that the average age of the members of Fishery Cooperatives was 49.170+9.884 and the average age of the members of Agricultural Credit Cooperatives was 48.448+10.037. While there were no members with postgraduate education among both Fishery Cooperative members and Agricultural Credit Cooperative members, 0.8% of Fishery Cooperative members and 4% of Agricultural Credit Cooperative members were bachelor's degree holders, 33% of Fishery Cooperative members and 39% of Agricultural Credit Cooperative members were high school graduates. It was found that education level, years of cooperative membership, purpose of using the internet, and additional income had an effect on the members definition of their financial situation, while the belief that the main purpose of cooperatives is not to make profit was negatively affected by reading the cooperative agreement and additional income, and the age of cooperative members also negatively affected the belief that bureaucracy negatively affects cooperative activities. Due to the characteristics of their products, it was found that the members of the Fishery Cooperative were concerned about the sale of products and both cooperative members complained about the high cost of service procurement.Öğe SALMAN AL-FARSI ONE OF THE SYMBOLIC NAMES OF THE ALAWITE-BEKTASHI FAITH SYSTEM THROUGH THE EYES OF DIVAN POETS(Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University, 2025) Kufaci, OsmanReligious characters (personalities) have a place among sources of diwan poetry. Structure of Ottoman state and society has an impact on this. Ottoman poets brought up important characters of Islam religion to their poems, and they wrote poems that are rich in association (evocation) power, by taking advantage of opportunities of telmih (allusion) art. Salman al-Fârisî, who can be considered among these personalities, was an influential and influential Companion during and after the Prophet’s time. He came to the forefront with his az-zuhd (ascetism) and taqwa (piety). Due to the fact that he was within Ahl al-Suffa (Ashab as-Suffah) which underpins Ascetics, he took sides with the Prophet Muhammad and had the honour of serving him. He cut the Prophet’s hair, and therefore, he was seen as shaikh (sage/pir) of barbers. He brought forward the idea of digging ditches around Medinah at Ghazwa Khandaq (Battle of Trench). He is a member of Council of the Forties which Hazrat (Saint) Ali created and at which he (Saint Ali) presided. He performed the duty of sweeper (süpürgeci) in rituals of Ayin-i Cem (Jam Ceremony). He was positioned among supporters of Hazrat Ali in the caliphate problem. According to Bektashi belief, he is a sincere friend of Hz. Ali in this world and his servant in the hereafter. Hazrat Ali appointed him as his caliph (successor /proxy). Those, who love and are loyal (committed) to Ahl al-Bayt (People of the House), call four persons as Chaar Yaar (four fellows) among those who Salman Al-Farsi is present, as well. Diwan poets have dealt with Salmân al-Fârisî, who made a name for himself with his actions and views during and after the Prophet’s reign, in their poems and constructed various images. In this study, we made readings on Salman Al-Farsi in 340 diwans. We examined poets’ usages which came to the forefront for Salman in (under) the headings. We tried to determine the place of Salman Al-Farsi in aesthetic of diwan poetry. © Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)Öğe FROM THE DERVISH LODGE TO THE FRONT: THE BEKTASHI MUJAHIDIN REGIMENT IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR(Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University, 2025) Tekir, Hürü SağlamDrawing on the success of volunteer units in the Tripoli and Balkan wars, the Committee of Union and Progress sought to implement a similar strategy in the First World War. The basis of this strategy was that volunteer troops would reinforce the regular army in areas such as intelligence, guerrilla tactics and frontline logistical support, as well as strengthening local resistance movements. Accordingly, the deployment of two influential religious groups such as the Bektashi and Mevlevi orders, which were very effective within the empire, as military units on different fronts in the First World War shows the full implementation of this strategy. The attempt by the Bektashi sect, which had close links with the Committee of Union and Progress, to form a regimental military unit is a remarkable example of the Ottoman state’s policy of using religious groups for military purposes. Preparations for the formation of the Bektashi Regiment began in Sivas in May 1915. Through representatives appointed by Cemaleddin Çelebi, efforts were made to recruit volunteers from Alevi communities in the region. The establishment of the Bektashi Regiment was the result of an alternative approach developed in the face of the inability to mobilise Kizil Bash Alevis, especially in and around Dersim, through religious discourses such as Jihad-ı Ekber. However, the Bektashi regiment was not able to stop the Russian advance on the Caucasian front on its own. As a result of the Russian occupation of Erzurum on 16 February 1916 and the withdrawal of the Ottoman forces, Cemaleddin Çelebi Efendi had to return to Erzincan with his entourage. This study deals with the formation, frontline activities and the end of the Bektashi Regiment that operated under the command of Cemaleddin Çelebi Efendi, the postmaster of Hacı Bektaşi Veli Dervish Lodge. © Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)Öğe Developing The Menstrual Migraine Symptoms Scale(Ataturk Universitesi, 2025) Özyer Güvener, Yasemin; Erdoğan Acar, Meryem; Parmaksiz, AyhanObjective: The objective of this study was to develop the Menstrual Migraine Symptoms Scale (MMSS). Methods: The study utilized a robust methodological design with a sample size of 582 participants. The data underwent a comprehensive analysis employing various statistical techniques, including item analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for test‐retest reliability. Results: The two sub‐dimensions of the scale, consisting of 19 items, demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.932 to 0.970. Furthermore, the total scale exhibited a high level of internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.976. The item correlation values within the scale ranged from 0.741 to 0.921, indicating strong relationships between the items. Conclusion: The study findings conclusively demonstrated the validity and reliability of the MMSS as a robust measurement tool specifically designed for assessing female individuals. © 2025, Ataturk Universitesi. All rights reserved.Öğe AN EVALUATION ON MUSICOGRAMS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN TÜRKİYE(ISMAIL HAKKI MIRICI, 2022) Şen, EbruMusicogram is described as a graphical record of musical works and is one of visual music teaching tools developed by Jos Wuytack on the theory of active music listening, and designed particularly for children who do not have knowledge of musical notes. Musicograms are widely used in many countries and has been frequently addressed in the international scientific studies recently; however, there is a limited number of academic studies in Turkey on musicograms, yet there are applied studies on the use of these visual schemes in music teaching. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the musicogram applications in Türkiye within a certain theoretical framework. In this scope, musicogram studies and application examples with various names in different languages were reached through a web survey. In this way, the most popular names given to the musicogram applications in Türkiye were detected and a total of 227 musicogram applications that were uploaded to the Turkish pages on YouTube platform between the years 2000-2022 were chosen as sample. The musicogram applications were discussed in terms of various elements of music (such as melody, rhythm, tempo, expression, etc.) by means of document review, and were evaluated in line with Wuytack’s active music learning approach. The findings indicated that it is necessary to increase the number of studies in order to ensure recognition of musicogram and similar methods, techniques, and materials, which express visual presentation of music not only by the music educators, but also by preschool teachers and class teachers in Türkiye, and in order to conduct correct applications. © 2014 by International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET).Öğe The Effect of Yoga on Foot/Leg Pain, Fatigue and Psychological Well-Being in Nurses: Randomized Controlled Study(Association of Executive Nurses, 2025) Özyer Güvener, Yasemin; Erdoğan Acar, MeryemAim: This was a randomized controlled study to determine the effect of yoga on foot/leg pain, fatigue severity, and psychological well-being in nurses. Method: The study was a randomized controlled trial. We conducted the study with 45 working nurses, 25 of whom were placed in the control group and 20 in the experimental group. An Individual Identification Form, the Visual Analog Scale, the Fatigue Severity Scale, and the Psychological Well-Being Scale were used to collect data. A total of 16 yoga sessions were held with the nurses in the experimental group, two days a week for eight weeks. Results: A significant difference was found between the scores for the Visual Analog Scale and for the life goals subdimension of the Psychological Well-Being Scale in the experimental group in the pre-test and post-test (p <0.05). There were time-dependent changes in terms of fatigue severity; the differences in the post-test mean scores (mean of 4.36) of the nurses in the control group were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Yoga is an effective method for reducing pain and creating a purpose in life. It has a positive effect on pain and psychological well-being. Nurses can thus practice yoga effectively for their own health. © 2025 The Authors.Öğe Synthesis, Characterization of a-Cyanochalcone Compounds and Determination of Their Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Activities(Adiyaman University, 2025) Aslan, Hakan; Avsar, CumhurIn this study, the Knoevenagel condensation reactions of 3-(heteroaryl)-3-oxopropanenitriles and various aromatic/heteroaromatic aldehydes via L-proline were performed. In these reactions, α-cyanochalcone compounds were obtained in mid-good yields. Spectroscopic techniques were used to clarify the compounds' structures. Both the well-diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method were used to assess the antibacterial and antifungal properties of all products. Compound 1c, containing the pyridin-3-yl group, exhibited broad-spectrum properties by acting against all bacteria and fungi tested. The antioxidant activities of the compounds were tested by a DPPH radical scavenging assay, and according to the results of antioxidant activities, the most effective compound among all was found to be 1c. It is possible to say that compounds 1b and 1d also have moderate antioxidant activity. © 2025, Adiyaman University. All rights reserved.Öğe First record of Calyptotheca alexandriensis (Cheilostomatida, Lanceoporidae) from Ras Juddi (Pasni) Makran coast, Northern Arabian Sea(Adem Yavuz SONMEZ, 2025) Ali, Qadeer Mohammad; Baloch, Ateeqa; Ahmed, Quratulan; Taylor, Paul D.; Bat, LeventThe available information regarding bryozoans in coastal areas of Pakistan is limited. This research paper presents the first record of Calyptotheca alexandriensis from Ras Juddi (Pasni) along the Makran coast, and the second record globally of this species. This species was first reported in the Eastern Harbor of Alexandria, Egypt, as a distinctive deep orange erect foliaceous bryozoan and was observed abundantly on various hard substrates, such as rocks, ropes, metal pipes supporting marina piers, and ship hulls. The discovery adds a new record of the family, Lanceoporidae, and genus, Calyptotheca, to the bryozoan fauna of Pakistan, expanding its known distribution to the Northern Arabian Sea. The present specimens were collected during December 2021–October 2022 and subjected to detailed taxonomic analysis using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study contributes to the understanding of bryozoan biodiversity in the region and highlights the potential for further discoveries along the unexplored coastal areas of Pakistan. © 2025, Adem Yavuz SONMEZ. All rights reserved.
