Endocrine-disrupting effects of bisphenol-A, thiamethoxam, and fipronil in hormone-naïve transmen compared to cis-women

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dc.contributor.authorUstay, Ozlem
dc.contributor.authorElbasan, Onur
dc.contributor.authorErel, Pinar
dc.contributor.authorBulut, Necati Serkut
dc.contributor.authorYorguner, Nese
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-23T19:42:12Z
dc.date.available2025-03-23T19:42:12Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentSinop Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackgroundCurrent evidence suggests that the etiology of gender dysphoria (GD) is multifactorial: this, however, remains unclear. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are one of the etiological hypotheses.ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the urinary levels of bisphenol A (BPA), thiamethoxam, and fipronil in hormone-na & iuml;ve transmen compared with case-matched cis-women as well as the relation between sex hormone levels and EDCs.MethodsDrug-na & iuml;ve transmen diagnosed with GD and who were referred from the psychiatry outpatient clinic to the outpatient clinic of the Department of Endocrinology, Marmara University Hospital, were included in the study. These individuals were assessed for eligibility; 38 drug-na & iuml;ve transmen and 22 cis-women were recruited as the control group. After anthropometric evaluation laboratory tests for FSH, LH, total testosterone, and estradiol were carried out, spot urine samples were collected to evaluate the urine metabolic excretion of BPA, thiamethoxam, and fipronil.ResultsWe found that androgens, total testosterone, androstenedione, and DHEAS levels were significantly higher in transmen than in cis-women. Thiamethoxam was considerably higher in cis-women than in transmen, whereas fipronil and BPA levels were similar in both groups. A negative correlation was found between thiamethoxam and testosterone and between thiamethoxam and BPA levels.ConclusionThe available data suggest that the EDCs that we are most exposed to in our lives are not the only factor in GD development. Even transmen who have not taken hormone replacement have high testosterone levels; however, the mechanism has not as yet been elucidated. The challenge is to determine whether this is a factor leading to GD or a condition that develops in common with GD.
dc.description.sponsorshipSociety of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Turkey; Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Turkey
dc.description.sponsorshipWe would like to thank the Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Turkey for its financial support for this study.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s42000-024-00574-7
dc.identifier.endpage383
dc.identifier.issn1109-3099
dc.identifier.issn2520-8721
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage375
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-024-00574-7
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11486/6729
dc.identifier.volume23
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001268056900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Int Publ Ag
dc.relation.ispartofHormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250323
dc.subjectTransmen
dc.subjectEndocrine-disrupting chemicals
dc.subjectTranssexuality
dc.subjectBisphenol A
dc.subjectThiamethoxam
dc.subjectFipronil
dc.titleEndocrine-disrupting effects of bisphenol-A, thiamethoxam, and fipronil in hormone-naïve transmen compared to cis-women
dc.typeArticle

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