Osmanlı Devleti'nde tütün üretimi ve Sinop Sancağı örneği
[ X ]
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Sinop Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Amerika kıtasının keşfinden sonra denizciler vasıtası ile Eski Dünya'ya tanıtılan tütün kısa sürede dünyanın birçok bölgesine yayıldı. Tütün ekiminin ve kullanımının zaman içinde yaygınlaşması ile tütün; edebiyat, din, hukuk ve devlet yönetimi gibi birçok alanda ele alınıp irdelendi. Yangınlara sebep olması, insanın üzerine sinen kötü kokusu, kimilerince vakit kaybı olarak değerlendirilmesi, bazen ise yönetimi eleştirenleri bir araya toplaması gerekçe gösterilerek tütün hemen hemen girdiği tüm ülkelerde yasaklarla karşılaştı. Bu çerçevede kimi zaman tütün ziraatıyla uğraşanların ellerinden toprakları alındı, kimi zaman ise tütün içenler bunun bedelini canları ile ödedi. Ne var ki tütün ekimi, kullanımı ve ticareti alınan tüm önlemlere rağmen engellenemedi. İlerleyen süreçte ise tütün, devletler için bir numaralı gelir kaynağı durumuna geldi ve toplumun önemli bir geçim kapısı oldu. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak tütün bitkisinin bulunması, Avrupa'da ve Osmanlı Devleti'nde yaygınlık kazanması ele alındı. Ayrıca ana hatlarıyla tütünün Osmanlı Devleti ve tebaası için önemi ile XIX. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde tesis edilen Reji İdaresi ve uygulamaları incelenen konular arasındadır. Çalışmanın mikro ölçekli odak noktasını ise, XIX. yüzyılın son çeyreğinin başlangıcından XX. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinin sonlarına kadar Kastamonu vilayetine bağlı bir sancak konumunda olan Sinop'taki tütün ziraatı ve Reji İdaresi'nin bölgedeki uygulamaları oluşturdu. Çalışma esnasında, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı'nda yer alan Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet dönemi arşiv vesikaları, çeşitli süreli yayınlar ile telif ve tetkik eserler yararlanılan kaynaklar arasındadır. Tütün ziraatından hareketle ve ortaya çıkan bulgular çerçevesinde Geç Osmanlı Dönemi'nde Sinop'un sosyo-ekonomik yapısına ışık tutulmaya çalışıldı.
Tobacco, that had been introduced to the Old World spread to many parts of the world in a short time by sailors after the discovery of the American continent. With the widespread cultivation and use of tobacco in time, tobacco has been addressed and examined in many areas such as literature, religion, and law government administration. Tobacco was banned in almost all countries where tobacco was introduced due to the fact that it causes fires, it is considered a waste of time, and sometimes it brings the people who criticise the management together, and due to the bad smell of smokers. Because of these reasons, sometimes the lands were taken from the owners of those who dealt with tobacco agriculture, and sometimes tobacco smokers paid the price with their lives. However, the cultivation, use, and trade of tobacco could not be prevented despite all measures taken. In the years ahead, it became the number one source of income for the states and also it became an important means of living for the society. In this study, from the discovery of tobacco plant to its becoming popular in Europe and the Ottoman Empire is covered. In addition to the these subjects, the importance of tobacco for the Ottoman Empire and its people, 19th, and The Regie Administration established in the last quarter of the century and its implementations are among the topics of this study. The micro-scale focus of the study is the treatment of Regie Management and tobacco agriculture in Sinop Kastamonu Province from the last quarter of 19th century, to the end of the first quarter of 19th century. In the study, archive documents of Ottoman and Republican periods in the Republic of Turkey and Chairman of the Presidential Archives and works with copy rights and research in various periodicals are the main resources. The aim is to shed light on the socio-economic life in Sinop in the late Ottoman period, based on tobacco agriculture, within the framework of the findings.
Tobacco, that had been introduced to the Old World spread to many parts of the world in a short time by sailors after the discovery of the American continent. With the widespread cultivation and use of tobacco in time, tobacco has been addressed and examined in many areas such as literature, religion, and law government administration. Tobacco was banned in almost all countries where tobacco was introduced due to the fact that it causes fires, it is considered a waste of time, and sometimes it brings the people who criticise the management together, and due to the bad smell of smokers. Because of these reasons, sometimes the lands were taken from the owners of those who dealt with tobacco agriculture, and sometimes tobacco smokers paid the price with their lives. However, the cultivation, use, and trade of tobacco could not be prevented despite all measures taken. In the years ahead, it became the number one source of income for the states and also it became an important means of living for the society. In this study, from the discovery of tobacco plant to its becoming popular in Europe and the Ottoman Empire is covered. In addition to the these subjects, the importance of tobacco for the Ottoman Empire and its people, 19th, and The Regie Administration established in the last quarter of the century and its implementations are among the topics of this study. The micro-scale focus of the study is the treatment of Regie Management and tobacco agriculture in Sinop Kastamonu Province from the last quarter of 19th century, to the end of the first quarter of 19th century. In the study, archive documents of Ottoman and Republican periods in the Republic of Turkey and Chairman of the Presidential Archives and works with copy rights and research in various periodicals are the main resources. The aim is to shed light on the socio-economic life in Sinop in the late Ottoman period, based on tobacco agriculture, within the framework of the findings.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tarih, History, Tütün, Osmanlı Devleti, Sinop, Duyûn-u Umumiye, Rüsum-i Sitte, Reji İdaresi, Kaçakçılık, Muharrem Kararnamesi., Tobacco, Ottoman Empire, Sinop, Ottoman Public debt, Rüsum-u Sitte, Regie Management, Smuggling, Decree of Muharrem
