Hz. Muhammed’in Nübüvvetine Delil Olan Insanî Özellikler
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Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Mehmet BULGEN
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Nübüvvet, ulûhiyyet ve ahiret ile birlikte Islâm inanç esasinin üç ilkesinden biridir. Peygamberlige dair hususlar bilhassa diger din mensuplariyla girisilen inançla ilgili tartismalarin ardindan kelâmcilarin en önemli konularindan biri hâline gelmistir. Bunun bir sonucu olarak bütün kelâm ekolleri insanin peygambere duydugu ihtiyaci öne çikarmis ve bununla nübüvveti temellendirmeye çalismistir. Bu çalismada fizikî ve ahlâkî özelliklerinin Hz. Muhammed’in (sav) nübüvvetine delil olusu ele alinmistir. Kelâm’da nübüvvetin ispatinda genellikle mucizelerden hareket edilmistir. Ancak Hz. Peygamber’in nübüvvetini kanitlarken fizyonomisi ve üstün ahlâkî nitelikleri de gündeme gelmis ve bilhassa müteahhir dönem kelâminda yaygin olarak kullanilmistir. Çalisma, giris ve üç bölümden olusmaktadir. Giriste çalismanin konusu, amaci, yöntemi ve kaynaklari açiklanmistir. Birinci bölümde kelâm ekollerinin, mutasavviflarin ve Müslüman filozoflarin, Hz. Muhammed’in (sav) sahip oldugu fizikî ve ahlâkî özelliklerin nebevî delaletine dair düsüncelerine yer verilmis ve nübüvvetin ispatinda mucize disinda delil kabul eden bilginlerin görüsleri serdedilerek degerlendirilmeye tâbi tutulmustur. Ayni zamanda Hz. Peygamber’in semâili ve yasantisinin, onun nübüvvetine delil kabul edilip edilemeyecegi, kabul edilecekse hangi kriterlerin geçerli oldugu; mucizeyi destekleyici deliller olarak mi kabul edilecegi yoksa tek basina nübüvveti ispatta yeterli mi görülecegi ve bu özelliklerin mucize sayilip sayilamayacagi mevzulari açikliga kavusturulmaya çalisilmistir. Ikinci bölümde öncelikle Hz. Peygamber’in bir beser oldugu gerçegi ortaya konulmustur. Ardindan Hz. Peygamber’in nübüvvetini kanitlamada delil kabul edilen fizikî ve ahlâkî üstünlükler detaylica açiklanarak, bu hususiyetlerin nübüvveti kanitlamadaki islevi degerlendirilmistir. Sonrasinda ise Hz. Peygamber’in nübüvvetine delil kabul edilen duyularina ait özellikler ile kokusu, teninin yumusakligi, boyunun uzun görünmesi, nübüvvet mührü, nûranî beyazligi gibi bedenî özelliklerine dair hususlar ele alinarak bunlarin peygamberligi kanitlamadaki geçerliligi izah edilmistir. Çalismanin son bölümünde ise Hz. Peygamber’in ahlâkî üstünlüklerine ve yasantisina yer verilerek, bu özelliklerin onun nübüvvetini ispatlamadaki durumu açiklanmistir. Hz. Peygamber’in dogru sözlü olusu, güvenilirligi, zekiligi, her kosulda teblig görevine devam edisi, ismeti, merhameti, mütevaziligi, sabirli olusu, cesareti, hasbîligi, sade yasantisi, yetkinlestirme gücü gibi özellikleri nübüvvetine delil olma bakimindan ele alinmis ve degerlendirilmistir. Ardindan oryantalistlerin Hz. Peygamber’in ahlâkina yönelik iddialari genel çerçevede degerlendirmeye tabi tutulmustur. Sonuç olarak Hz. Peygamber’in bedenine ait bazi özelliklerini mucize kabul edip buradan hareketle peygamberligini kanitlama yönteminin isabetli olmadigini; ahlâkî özelliklerinin ise Kur’ân mucizesinin ardindan onun nübüvvetini ispatlayan en güçlü ve kalici aklî deliller oldugunu söyleyebiliriz.
Prophethood is one of the three Islamic belief principles, along with divinity (ulûhiyyet) and eschatology. Issues related to prophethood have become one of the most important themes of Mutakallim scholars, especially after belief discussions with members of other religions. As a result of this, all the schools of kalam emphasized the need of man for a prophet and tried to base prophethood on it/this idea. In this study, the physical and moral characteristics of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) as proofs for his prophethood are discussed. Miracles are generally used in the proof of prophethood in kalam. However, to prove the Prophet Muhammad's prophethood, his physiognomy and superior moral qualities also discussed and were widely used, especially in the late period of kalam. The study consists of an introduction and three parts. In the introduction, the subject, purpose, method, and sources of the study are explained. In the first part, the thoughts of the schools of kalam, Sufis, and Islamic philosophers regarding the physical and moral characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad as evidence of his prophethood are included. In addition, the views of scholars who accepted other evidence besides miracles as the proof of prophethood are interpreted and evaluated. Moreover, whether the shamail and life of the Prophet Muhammad can be accepted as evidence for his prophethood is discussed. If so, what kind of criteria is accepted, whether it is considered to be as the evidence supports the miracle or whether it is sufficient alone itself to prove prophethood, and finally, whether these features can be regarded as miracles have been tried to be clarified. In the second part, first of all, it is emphasized the fact that the Prophet Muhammad is a human being. Then, the Prophet Muhammad’s physical and moral superiorities accepted as evidence of the proof of prophethood are extensively explained, and the function of these features in proving the prophethood is evaluated. Later, the characteristics of prophet Muhammad’s senses, which are accepted as evidence for his prophethood, and his physical characteristics such as his odor, softness of his skin, his tall appearance, the seal of prophethood in his body, and his prophetic whiteness are discussed, then the validity of these features in proving the prophethood are evaluated. In the last part of the study, by mentioning the moral superiority and life of the Prophet Muhammad, the place of these features in proving his prophethood is explained. The qualities of the Prophet such as being truthful, reliable, intelligent, continuing his duty of preaching under all circumstances, his integrity, mercy, modesty, patience, courage, altruism, simple life, and his capacity to make up for the deficiencies are discussed and evaluated in terms of being evidence of his prophethood. Then, the orientalists' claims against the morality of the Prophet Muhammad are broadly evaluated. As a result, it can be said that the method of proving his prophethood by accepting some of the features of the Prophet Muhammad's body as a miracle is not correct; but his moral characteristics are the strongest and the most consistent rational evidence that proves his prophethood after the miracle of the Quran.
Prophethood is one of the three Islamic belief principles, along with divinity (ulûhiyyet) and eschatology. Issues related to prophethood have become one of the most important themes of Mutakallim scholars, especially after belief discussions with members of other religions. As a result of this, all the schools of kalam emphasized the need of man for a prophet and tried to base prophethood on it/this idea. In this study, the physical and moral characteristics of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) as proofs for his prophethood are discussed. Miracles are generally used in the proof of prophethood in kalam. However, to prove the Prophet Muhammad's prophethood, his physiognomy and superior moral qualities also discussed and were widely used, especially in the late period of kalam. The study consists of an introduction and three parts. In the introduction, the subject, purpose, method, and sources of the study are explained. In the first part, the thoughts of the schools of kalam, Sufis, and Islamic philosophers regarding the physical and moral characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad as evidence of his prophethood are included. In addition, the views of scholars who accepted other evidence besides miracles as the proof of prophethood are interpreted and evaluated. Moreover, whether the shamail and life of the Prophet Muhammad can be accepted as evidence for his prophethood is discussed. If so, what kind of criteria is accepted, whether it is considered to be as the evidence supports the miracle or whether it is sufficient alone itself to prove prophethood, and finally, whether these features can be regarded as miracles have been tried to be clarified. In the second part, first of all, it is emphasized the fact that the Prophet Muhammad is a human being. Then, the Prophet Muhammad’s physical and moral superiorities accepted as evidence of the proof of prophethood are extensively explained, and the function of these features in proving the prophethood is evaluated. Later, the characteristics of prophet Muhammad’s senses, which are accepted as evidence for his prophethood, and his physical characteristics such as his odor, softness of his skin, his tall appearance, the seal of prophethood in his body, and his prophetic whiteness are discussed, then the validity of these features in proving the prophethood are evaluated. In the last part of the study, by mentioning the moral superiority and life of the Prophet Muhammad, the place of these features in proving his prophethood is explained. The qualities of the Prophet such as being truthful, reliable, intelligent, continuing his duty of preaching under all circumstances, his integrity, mercy, modesty, patience, courage, altruism, simple life, and his capacity to make up for the deficiencies are discussed and evaluated in terms of being evidence of his prophethood. Then, the orientalists' claims against the morality of the Prophet Muhammad are broadly evaluated. As a result, it can be said that the method of proving his prophethood by accepting some of the features of the Prophet Muhammad's body as a miracle is not correct; but his moral characteristics are the strongest and the most consistent rational evidence that proves his prophethood after the miracle of the Quran.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kelâm, Hz. Muhammed, Nübüvvetin ispati, Insanî özellikler, Fizyonomi, Semâil, Ahlâk
Kaynak
Kader
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
19
Sayı
1
