Assessing Employees’ Positive Functioning at Work: Adaptation and Validation of the PERMA + 4 Scales into Turkish

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dc.contributor.authorDemirci, İbrahim
dc.contributor.authorKeskin, Özlem
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-25T14:13:19Z
dc.date.available2026-04-25T14:13:19Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentSinop Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractEmployees’ well-being and psychological functioning in the workplace are crucial factors that influence both their productivity in professional life and their overall well-being in personal life. This study aims to adapt the PERMA + 4 Positive Functioning at Work Scales, which comprehensively and multidimensionally assess individuals’ well-being at work, into Turkish and to examine their psychometric properties. As part of the study, the long-form scale with 29 items and the short-form scale with 9 items were translated and adapted into Turkish. The study sample consisted of 297 individuals employed in various occupations. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the long form’s nine-factor (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment, Health, Mindset, Environment, and Economic Security) and the short form’s unidimensional structure had acceptable levels of model fit. Item response theory-based evaluations of the short form revealed that the items had enough discriminative power, confirming the validity of its unidimensional structure. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients for both forms of the scale were found to be at acceptable levels. Correlations between the PERMA + 4 Positive Functioning at Work Scales and the PERMA Scale provided evidence of convergent validity. The PERMA + 4 Scales can be applied in scientific studies conducted in Türkiye and could be a useful instrument for figuring out what factors affect employees’ motivation and well-being at work, as well as for organizing and assessing interventions meant to improve workplace well-being and positive functioning. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s41042-025-00248-8
dc.identifier.issn2364-5040
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105012726135
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-025-00248-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11486/8011
dc.identifier.volume10
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Nature
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Applied Positive Psychology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260420
dc.subjectPERMA + 4
dc.subjectPERMA model
dc.subjectPositive organizational psychology
dc.subjectScale adaptation
dc.subjectWell-being
dc.subjectWorkplace positive functioning
dc.titleAssessing Employees’ Positive Functioning at Work: Adaptation and Validation of the PERMA + 4 Scales into Turkish
dc.typeArticle

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