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Öğe Beach litter contamination of the Turkish middle Black Sea coasts: Spatial and temporal variation, composition, and possible sources(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Bat, Levent; Oztekin, Aysah; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Gurbuzer, Pinar; Ozsandikci, Ugur; Eyuboglu, Bora; Oztekin, Hasan CanMarine litter is one of the biggest environmental problems nowadays. Sinop, is located in the heart of Turkiye's Black Sea coast, has a small population, and is a popular fishing and tourist destination. In this study, marine litter amount, composition, and possible sources were investigated, and seasonal comparisons were made be-tween in Sinop beaches. Marine litter amount was found as 0.29-7.67 items.m(-2) and 3.46-49.09 g.m(-2) and beaches were classified as moderate to extremely dirty. Plastics were the highest ratio (88.14-98.46 %) and plastic pieces 2.5 > < 50 cm were the major litter type. The major possible litter source was improper waste disposal (33.36 %) and litter items originated from mainly land-based sources (74.13 %). The result of this study shows that there is a significant litter problem on the coasts. The solution of this problem can be possible to take rational measures against marine litter pollution with education and management policies.Öğe Comaprative fatty acid composition of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) farmed in cages in the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea coasts of Turkey(Central Marine Fisheries Research Inst, 2019) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kerim, MuratThe aim of this study was to analyse the fatty acid composition of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758), fanned in marine cages in the Aegean Sea and in the Black Sea coasts of Turkey. The study was conducted between June 2014 and September 2015 using the same feed in all the cage farms. Fish samples representing the stock were collected at regular intervals and morphometric measurements were taken in the laboratory. Fatty acid analyses were carried out by gas chromatography. Biochemical composition of harvested European seabass indicated high dry matter and crude fat values in the Black Sea region and high crude protein and crude ash values in the Aegean region. Significant regional differences between fatty acid composition (p<0.05) was observed, despite being fed with the same diets.Öğe Comparative analysis of egg biochemical composition and egg productivity rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792) in different stations in Turkey -2(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2021) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Tomgisi, SerhatIn the study, two objectives were selected in determining the quality and efficiency of Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs obtained from different stations: (1) to determine the biochemical, amino and fatty acid composition and egg quality, (2) to study the effect of egg productivity on egg quality. The study was conducted in 5 different production areas which is produces the most rainbow trout eggs in Turkey. Broodstocks over 3 years old were randomly selected from the company. After the egg productivity analysis, biochemical analysis were conducted. The most abundant amino acid in all stations was glutamic acid, followed by leucine, lysine, in that order. Total amino acid and essential amino acid (EAA) values were between 30.40±0.93-44.47±0.43 and 15.69±0.25-23.88±0.07 g/100g, respectively. As a result of analysis of fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), oleic acid and linoleic acid values were higher than other fatty acids. In addition, polyunsaturated (PUFA) values were higher than saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acid values in the eggs obtained from all stations. Consequently, the amino and fatty acid values of rainbow trout eggs were determined to be sufficient for embryonic development of fish and this values showed rainbow trout eggs as potential source of food for human consumption. © 2021, Central Fisheries Research Inst. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparison of fatty acids and some mineral matter profiles of wild and farmed snails, Cornu aspersum Muller, 1774(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Duman, Mehmet Bedrettin; Sariipek, Merve; Goren, Gulsen Uzun; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kocatepe, Demet; Karayucel, SedatThe fatty acid and mineral matter compositions of the visceral mass and pedal mass of wild and farmed Cornu aspersum were compared. The relative fatty acid amounts of the visceral and pedal masses of wild and farmed snails are: polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) > saturated fatty acid (SFA) > monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), PUFA>SFA>MUFA, MUFA>PUFA>SFA and PUFA>MUFA>SFA, respectively. Wild snails had a higher concentration of iron and zinc than farmed snails. Selenium was 2.82 times higher in the pedal mass of farmed snails than the pedal mass of wild snails. Ca:P ratios in the visceral mass of wild snails, visceral mass and pedal mass of farmed snails were 1.76:1, 1.12:1 and 3.87:1 respectively. Both wild and farmed snails have high contents of oleic, linoleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids and are a good source of minerals. Careful attention should be paid, however, as to which diet will be used during farming because the composition of fatty acid in the snail is affected by diet.Öğe Comparison of Proximate and Amino Acid Composition between Farmed and Wild Land Snails (Cornu aspersum Muller, 1774)(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Duman, Mehmet Bedrettin; Sariipek, Merve; Goren, Gulsen Uzun; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kocatepe, Demet; Karayucel, SedatThe proximate and amino acid compositions of the visceral mass and pedal mass of wild and farmed land snail Cornu aspersum were compared. The lipid in all body parts of farmed snail was significantly higher than all body parts of wild snail. The ash content of wild snail pedal mass was higher than all body parts of farmed snails. The dominant amino acid was glutamic acid (Glu), while the highest values of essential amino acids were leucine (Leu) and arginine (Arg) in all body parts of all snails. Sulfur amino acid was the lowest value in C. aspersum, which indicated that methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) could have been the first limiting amino acids. The study results showed that the protein efficiency rate (PER) of C. aspersum is close to PER of egg, which indicates a high protein quality and high biological value of land snails. The study also demonstrated that the experimental diet had good acceptability and well-balanced essential amino acid content, meaning that the farmed snails could have almost the same protein characterization as wild snails. Thus, all body parts of both wild and farmed C. aspersum have high protein quality.Öğe Determination of Essential Amino Acid Changes Related to the Growth of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2017) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kerim, MuratThe aim of this study was to determine the changes in essential amino acids related to the growth of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the first stocking in cages to the harvesting in production areas at the Aegean and the Black Seas. The highest levels of essential amino acids at the beginning of the trial were in lysine, leucine and threonine, while the highest levels of essential amino acids at the end of the trial at both production area were in lysine, leucine, threonine and isoleucine. The total essential amino acid value of 9.47 +/- 0.02 at the beginning of the study exhibited irregular fluctuations between the periods and was 10.45 +/- 0.01 and 9.70 +/- 0.01 at the Aegean and the Black Seas, respectively at the end of the study. In the study, it was determined that there was a reverse relation between the water temperature and the total essential amino acid values in both production areas, and the observed differences in some amino acids were related to the water parameters and the changes in amino acid metabolism due to the growth of the fish.Öğe Determination of fatty acid composition in relation to the growth of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) cultured in net cages(Bdfish, 2019) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kerim, MuratThe aim of this study was to determine the composition of fatty acids of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) produced in net cages at a private company in the Aegean Sea. Regular samples were taken over the study period by random sampling for the estimation of fatty acid contents. At the end of the study, the highest mean (+/- SD) fatty acids in fish flesh were recorded as oleic acid (26.46 +/- 0.01%), linoleic acid (20.91 +/- 0.01%) and palmitic acid (15.99 +/- 0.01%). Mean (+/- SD) total saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid values were determined as 26.17 +/- 0.03%, 32.62 +/- 0.03% and 31.24 +/- 0.01% respectively. The total values of omega-3, omega-6, omega-9, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were 8.73 +/- 0.01 - 14.51 +/- 0.04%, 18.78 +/- 0.03 - 25.26 +/- 0.01%, 27.12 +/- 0.01 30.5 +/- 0.01%, 1.39 +/- 0.01 - 3.52 +/- 0.01% and 4.24 +/- 0.01 - 7.64 +/- 0.01% respectively and all these values varied significantly over time (P < 0.05). Despite having a low crude fat content, the meagre could be a good source of PUFA, in terms of fatty acids.Öğe DETERMINATION OF GROWTH AND NUTRIENT COMPOSITION VALUES IN MEAGRE (ARGYROSOMUS REGIUS) AQUACULTURE(Health & Environment Assoc, 2018) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kerim, MuratThe aim of this study was to determine the growth and nutrient composition values of the meagre (Argyrosomus regius) from the cage stocking until the harvest weight. The study was conducted in a private farm operating in the Aegean Sea between 26 September 2015 and 30 November 2016. Fish were taken from the cages according to the random sampling method at specific periods and their growth values were calculated and biochemical analyses were carried out. The initial fish weight 8.22 +/- 0.13 g reached 373.96 +/- 15.65 g at the end of the study. During the study, feed conversion rate was found to be 1.92 +/- 0.19. At the end of the study, carcass yield value was 31.63 +/- 0.82%, crude protein value was 20.10 +/- 0.04% and crude fat value was 3.19 +/- 0.13%. Weight gain, specific growth rate and thermal growth values were found to be higher in the fingerling period of the fish compared to those obtained in the other periods. Also, changes in the seawater temperature had a significant effect on feed consumption and net feed conversion rate. While rapid weight gain is an advantage in meagre fish aquaculture, low carcass yield, low fat ratio, cost of feed, market status and consumer preferences have a negative effect on widespread meagre aquaculture. Increasing the fat content of the meagre and adopting different marketing techniques for meagre fish that will be fed with economical feed suitable to the species requirements will help meagre to find a place in cultured fish market.Öğe Determination of growth performance, meat quality and colour attributes of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey(Wiley, 2019) Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Recep; Karayucel, Sedat; Goren, Gulsen UzunThe aim of this study was to determine the growth performance, meat quality and colour attributes of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in net cage systems in the southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey. In the study, large rainbow trout with an initial weight of 1,322.07 +/- 57.72 g were reached to 3,385.30 +/- 140.98 g and the survival rates were 95.69 +/- 1.32% in 5-month production period. Crude protein and crude fat values of fish meat were ranged between 16.75 +/- 0.07-20.18 +/- 0.90% and 9.22 +/- 0.15-12.29 +/- 0.42%, respectively (p < .05). The essential and non-essential amino acid values were between 12.92 +/- 0.02-13.09 +/- 0.01 g/100 g and 11.97 +/- 0.14-11.47 +/- 0.01 g/100 g, respectively (p > .05). C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, 3 and 6 values in fish meat were between 4.32 +/- 0.02-4.30 +/- 0.08% (p < .05), 8.31 +/- 0.10-7.72 +/- 0.15% (p < .05), 13.41 +/- 0.10-12.93 +/- 0.23% (p < .05) and 21.85 +/- 0.06%-19.74 +/- 0.36 (p < .05), respectively. As a result, it can be concluded that large rainbow trout cultured in the southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey is a rich source of food in terms of fatty and amino acid compositions and atherogenicity index, thrombogenicity index and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic values.Öğe Determination of Seasonal Vitamin and Mineral Contents of Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L., 1758) Cultured in Net Cages in Central Black Sea Region(Humana Press Inc, 2019) Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Baki, Birol; Karayucel, Ismihan; Ozturk, Recep; Goren, Guelsen Uzun; Karayucel, SedatThis study aimed to determine the seasonal vitamin and mineral contents of sea bream (Sparus aurata) cultured in net cages in Central Black Sea region. The average seasonal A, D-3, and E vitamins values in fish meat were between 0.27 +/- 0.02-0.60 +/- 0.00, 0.98 +/- 0.01-1.70 +/- 0.00, and 3.10 +/- 0.14-6.00 +/- 0.21mg/kg, respectively (p<0.05). The average seasonal Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn, and Se values in fish meat were between 276.90 +/- 0.99-1788.50 +/- 51.27 (p<0.05), 3.50 +/- 0.12-4.47 +/- 0.18 (p>0.05), 4244.50 +/- 8.84-4761.50 +/- 1.06 (p<0.05), 251.55 +/- 2.55-312.65 +/- 11.42 (p<0.05), 56.49 +/- 0.04-128.75 +/- 0.18 (p<0.05), 2234.50 +/- 15.20-2619.00 +/- 7.07 (p<0.05), 5.62 +/- 0.10-15.30 +/- 0.22 (p<0.05), and 0.30 +/- 0.00-0.38 +/- 0.01mg/kg (p>0.05), respectively. As a result, it can be concluded that sea bream cultured in the Central Black Sea region is a rich source of nutrients in terms of vitamins and mineral matters, and fish size, feed quality, and the environmental factors are influential on the contents of vitamin and mineral substances in the fish tissue.Öğe Determination of the Element Values of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Eggs(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2021) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Tomgisi, SerhatThe objective of this study was to determine the amount of the elements of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) eggs obtained from different. stations. The study was conducted in 5 different production areas that are producing the most rainbow trout eggs in Turkey. Element analysis (Na, Mg. Al. P, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn. As, Se. Cd. Ba, Pb, Hg. and Cu) of rainbow trout eggs were performed using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometer). At the end of the study. it, was determined that the daily consumption limit for selected elements (Ca. P. Mg, Zn, Mn, Ni and Se) was not exceeded in individuals consuming 100g of rainbow trout eggs per day. The daily intake recommended by the European Communities Commission was determined to be sufficient for the K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn elements in rainbow trout eggs. The Cd and Pb values of rainbow trout eggs obtained from different stations were determined significantly less than the values included in the Turkish Food Codex. The results of this study were thought to be important for both consumers and juvenile rainbow trout producers.Öğe Effect of ploidy on growth, fillet composition and colour of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Black Sea(Bdfish, 2024) Ozturk, Dilara KayaThe purpose of this study was to determine the growth performance and fillet quality parameters of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and of different ploidy (diploid-DTS and triploid- TTS) cultured in the Black Sea. This study was carried out in a commercial fish farm in Sinop, Black Sea of Turkey. Triploid groups had a higher weight and a better feed conversion rate than the DTS at the end of the 150-day study. Crude protein and crude fat ratios were respectively higher in the DTS and TTS groups; while ploidy affected the biochemical and fatty acid compositions of the large rainbow trout, it had no effect on the amino acid compositions. The colour of fillets was affected by the crude fat ratio of the fillet. This study indicated that large rainbow trout produced in the Black Sea, regardless of its ploidy, were of high quality, nutritious and healthy for human consumption. Furthermore, it demonstrated yet again that large rainbow trout is of sufficient quality to compete with other salmonid species in the national or international markets.Öğe Effect of restricted feeding on the growth and body composition of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758)(Central Marine Fisheries Research Inst, 2016) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Sariipek, Merve; Kerim, Murat; Eyuboglu, BoraThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of restricted feeding on the growth and body composition in juvenile European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax, (Linnaeus, 1758). Four different feeding regimes were tested in fishes having average weight of 6.57 +/- 0.09 g. The three treatment groups were fed three times a day adopting three different regimes: 6 days feeding/1 day starvation (6F/1S), 5 days feeding/2 days starvation (5F/2S) and 4 days feeding/3 days starvation (4F/3S) for a period of 60 days. Control group (C) was fed daily three times a day. At the end of the study the average weights were 31.21 +/- 1.39 g (C), 36.47 +/- 1.33 g (6F/1S), 29.01 +/- 1.01 g (5F/2S) and 24.21 +/- 0.82 g (4F/3S) respectively (p<0.05). SGR were 2.54 +/- 0.17 (C), 2.64 +/- 0.20 (6F/1S), 2.37 +/- 0.06 (5F/2S) and 2.10 +/- 0.09 (4F/3S) (p<0.05) and FCR values recorded were 1.29 +/- 0.05 (C), 1.12 +/- 0.01 (6F/1S), 1.21 +/- 0.01 (5F/2S) and 1.24 +/- 0.01 (4F/3S). Crude protein and lipid values in restricted feeding groups were higher than those of the control group (p<0.05) while SFA and MUFA values increased with starvation period while DHA, EPA, PUFA and Omega-3 values decreased with starvation period (p<0.05). Results of the study clearly showed that restricted feeding had effect on the growth parameters, biochemical composition and fatty acid compositions in European seabass.Öğe Element concentrations of cultured fish in the Black Sea: selenium-mercury balance and the risk assessments for consumer health(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Ozturk, Dilara KayaFish are a powerful model for risk-benefit analyses to explore the impact of elements on human health among all accessible species. The sea bream (Sparus aurata), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), and weights of > 1 kg large rainbow trout registered as Turkish Salmon, (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are four economically important cultured species in the Black Sea In this research, it is aimed (1) to determine the value of the elements, (2) to determine total Hg and Se concentrations, Se/Hg molar ratios, and the HBVSe index, and (3) to calculate the consumer's possible health risk in the edible tissues of cultivated four economically important Black Sea fish species. Fish and diet samples from all species were obtained in 2020 from aquaculture locations in the Black Sea (Sinop, Samsun, and Trabzon cites of Turkey). At the end of the study, the elements in all edible tissues and all the parameters analyzed [Se/Hg, estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), maximum allowable consumption rate (CRlim and CRmm)] in cultured fish tissues were below permissible values. Additionally, when compared with the data of the World Health Organization and The National Academy of Sciences, it determined that consuming cultured fish in the Black Sea adequately meets the daily elemental requirement.Öğe Element concentrations of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Black Sea: selenium-mercury balance and the risk assessments for consumer health(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Ozturk, Dilara KayaThis research determined the element values, selenium, and mercury balance of the large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in the Black Sea and the possible health risk for the consumer. By the end of the investigation, the concentration of components in these cultivated large rainbow trout in the Black Sea met the requirements specified by national and international legislation. According to analyses of the hazard risk associated with consuming, it has been determined that independent of nutritional quality, large rainbow trout produced on Turkey's Black Sea coast offers no risk to human consumption regarding element values and may be ingested safely.Öğe Growth dependent changes in protein efficiency and amino acid composition in cultured meagre Argyrosomus regius(Bdfish, 2021) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kerim, MuratThe goal of this research was to determine the growth dependent changes in protein efficiency and amino acid composition of the cultured meagre Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801). The research was carried in net cages in a private company (Gokce Off-shore Sist.) in the Aegean Sea. Meagre of an initial weight of 8.22 +/- 0.13 g reached to 373.96 +/- 15.65 g in 420 days of production period. Average protein efficiency rate, protein store rate and protein consumption values of cultured meagre were 1.05 +/- 0.11%, 11.49 +/- 2.98% and 56.67 +/- 14.52 g respectively. The total amino acid values varied between 14.97 +/- 0.14 and 18.87 +/- 0.10 g 100g(-1), the statistical difference among the study periods was significant (p < 0.05). Most of the total essential (EAA), non-essential (NEAA), and branched-chain amino acid values of cultured meagre were decreasing with increasing fish size but EAA/NEAA ratios were increasing. The findings of this study showed that the composition of amino acids and the consistency of meagre culture were adequate and appropriate for human consumption and nutrition.Öğe Monthly variation of growth, biochemical composition, fatty and amino acids patterns of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in offshore cage systems under brackish water conditions in the Black Sea(Wiley, 2020) Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Ozturk, Recep; Baki, Birol; Karayucel, Ismihan; Karayucel, SedatThe aim of this study was to investigate seasonal variations of growth performance and biochemical composition, fatty and amino acids profiles of cage-cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in the Black Sea. The research was carried out on a yearly basis in the offshore cage systems of a commercial fish farm located on the coast of Samsun province, Turkey. Fish with an initial average weight of 2.44 +/- 0.03 g reached a harvest weight of 474.60 +/- 8.64 g with a survival rate of 94.26 +/- 0.60% in 14 months. The average specific growth rate and feed conversion rate were 0.92 +/- 0.30% and 1.45 +/- 0.05 respectively. Seasonal variation of total essential and total non-essential amino acids and EAA/NEAA ratios ranged between 7.80 +/- 0.00-11.22 +/- 0.02 g/100 g, 8.19 +/- 0.00-9.94 +/- 0.01 g/100 g and 1.01 +/- 0.00-1.18 +/- 0.01 respectively (p < 0.05). The average of total omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 values were 11.63 +/- 0.68%, 24.29 +/- 0.84% and 28.78 +/- 0.17% respectively. It was determined that gilthead sea bream showed a remarkable growth performance over the 14 months period under offshore marine conditions in the Black Sea. Growth performance, biochemical composition, fatty and amino acids profiles in fish were influenced by seasonal changes of water temperature and nutritional value of the used diets. Findings of the present study provide remarkable information in terms of the year-round growth performance and meat quality of cage-cultured gilthead seabream based on a long-term evaluation throughout the full-cycle of 14-month production period of a commercial cage farm operating in offshore conditions in the Black Sea area.Öğe The effects of dietary supplement of rounded brittle fern weed (Laurencia obtusa) (hudson) (j.v.lamouroux, 1813) as a natural carotenoid on pigmentation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)(Central Fisheries Research Institute, 2018) Baki, Birol; Kerim, Murat; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Eyuboglu, Bora; Karacuha, AliThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) as a natural carotenoid on the growth performance, biochemical composition and skin and fillet pigmentation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Laurencia obtusa was collected manually from the shores of Sinop (The Black Sea-Turkey) and included in the diet at two different ratios as 30 (L30) and 60 (L60) mg/kg diet. The fish with an average weight of 248.9±6.1 g were fed by the experimental diets for 6 weeks. The best growth performance was determined in L0. The differences between protein, fat and ash values of fish were not significant (P>0.05). At the end of the study, the L* value was highest in the L0 group (59.94±1.28) and lowest in the L60 group (53.43±1.98) and, in fillet, it decreased in all experimental groups compared to the initial values (P<0.05). The a* values of skin and fillet were determined between 4.48±0.31 and 4.68±0.41, 1.45±0.42 and 1.73±0.39, respectively (P>0.05). The b* value increased in all groups in skin (P<0.05), whereas it was decreased in fillet (P>0.05). © 2018, Central Fisheries Research Institute. All rights reserved.
