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    Application of Low-Cost GPS Tools and Techniques for Landslide Monitoring: A Review
    (Jurnal Teknologi, 2014) Etim, E. Eyo; Musa, Tajul Ariffin; Omar, Kamaludin Mohd; Idris, Khairulnizam M.; Bayrak, Temel; Onuigbo, Ifeanyi; Opaluwa, Yusuf
    The main goal of our ongoing research is to design a low-cost continuous monitoring system for landslide investigation using the Reverse RTK (RRTK) technique. The main objectives of this paper are to review the existing Global Positioning System (GPS) tools and techniques used for landslide monitoring, and to propose a novel low-cost landslide monitoring technique using Reverse RTK GPS. A general overview of GPS application in landslide monitoring is presented, followed by a review of GPS deformation monitoring systems and some of the factors used for their categorization. Finally, the concept, principles and advantages of the proposed new landslide monitoring system are discussed.
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    Öğe
    Deformation Analysis Based on Designed Experiments and Kalman Filter
    (Croatian Geodetic Soc, 2014) Eyo, Etim; Bayrak, Temel; Musa, Tajul; Onuigbo, Ifeanyi; Kuta, Abdullahi; Odumosu, Joseph
    This paper is focused on the deformation monitoring of survey control points in the Gidan Kwano main campus, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. The main objectives are to develop and test a kinematic deformation analysis model using simulated GPS test data. RTK GPS was the main equipment deployed for the monitoring. The kinematic deformation analysis model developed for this study was based on Kalman filtering technique. In order to verify the developed kinematic model, designed experiments, with artificially introduced deformations, were performed to test centimetre-level horizontal movements on four points (GPS 01, GPS 08, GPS 09 and GPS 12). The developed kinematic model was used to determine six unknown parameters of movements, namely position displacements (dx, dy), velocities (Vx, Vy) and accelerations (ax, ay). The results of the computed movement parameters of the control points show that the introduced deformations were detected by the kinematic deformation model. The model also detected that there was no deformation introduced to point GPS 09. Some of the discrepancies in the computed results can be attributed to centring errors during observations.