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    Comparative analysis of biochemical and fatty acid composition and mineral matter contents of cultured rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in different stations
    (Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 2022) Dernekbasi, Seval; Karatas, Emin; Karayücel, İsmihan
    In the study, the biochemical and fatty acid composition and mineral content of rainbow trout reared at different stations were compared. For this purpose, in terms of nutritional composition, rainbow trouts obtained from the A station had the highest protein and fat ratio. The lowest protein ratio was determined in the D station, and the lowest oil ratio was determined in the C station. Although the fatty acid contents of the feeds used by the enterprises were different between them, they were almost close to each other. Meristic, stearic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, EPA and DHA were determined to be dominant in the fillet fatty acid compositions of the cultured rainbow trouts at all the stations. Although the n-3/n-6 ratio, IA, FLQ and h/H indexes in fish muscles were at desired nutritional quality values, the IT index was at undesirable nutritional quality values. It was determined that the mineral substance amounts of the feeds obtained from different stations were Ca>P>K>Na>Fe>Mg>Zn>Mn>Se. The mineral substance amounts of rainbow trout obtained from different stations were determined as K>P>Mg>Na>Ca>Zn>Zn>Fe>Se. The amount of mineral substances in the fish samples taken from all the stations was determined to be quite high. As a result, it was determined that the trout obtained from all stations had suitable nutritional criteria. All fish can be considered good sources of nutrients, fatty acids and minerals.
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    Effect of Cycled Feeding by Diets Including Vegetable and Fish Oil on Growth Performances and Fatty Acid Profiles of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)
    (Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2020) Dernekbasi, Seval; Karatas, Emin
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of alternate cycled feeding regime with diets including different oil sources on fatty acid profiles and growth performances of rainbow trout. Seven trials were implemented; fish oil trial [FO; continuously fed by diet with fish oil (FO)], canola oil trial [CO; continuously fed by diet with canola oil (CO)], safflower oil trial (SFO; continuously fed by diet with safflower oil (SFO)], mixture oil trial (CSFO; continuously fed by diet containing both %50 CO and %50 SFO), alternate cycled feeding trial [(FO/CO; fish fed by diet with CO for 2 weeks and FO for the following 2 weeks), (FO/SFO; fish fed by diet with SFO for 2 weeks and FO for following 2 weeks) and (FO/CSFO; fish fed by diet with CSFO for 2 weeks and FO for following 2 weeks)] for 12 weeks. Significantly higher SGR and the best FCR were detected in the CSFO and FO/CSFO feeding groups, respectively, compared to the FO group (p>0.05). The lowest HSI and VSI were in the CO group (p>0.05). The highest crude protein, lipid and ash contents were determined in the FO/SFO group (p>0.05). Experimental diets containing vegetable oil (CO and SFO) and vegetable oil blend (CSFO) had significantly higher concentrations of n-6 fatty acids, predominantly in the form of linoleic (LA, 18:2n-6c) and oleic acid (OA, 18:1n-9c), while n-3 fatty acids were present in significantly higher concentrations in the FO group. The fatty acid composition of rainbow trout fillet reflected the dietary lipid source. Fillet of fish fed by the FO diet had highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) amount. The n-3 PUFA accumulation (mainly EPA and DHA) was generally decreased in the fillets of the CO, SFO, CSFO groups compared to the FO group. The proportions of n-3 PUFA in the fillets of the FO/CO, FO/SFO and FO/CSFO groups throughout the experimental period were significantly higher than in the CO, SFO, CSFO groups, confirming the major effect of the fish oil intake at the cycled feeding stages of the experiment. This study shows that cycled feeding regimes by diets including vegtable and FO may be used in rainbow trout culture.
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    Effects of cocoon incubation angle on hatching success of medicinal leeches (Hirudo spp.)
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Ceylan, Mustafa; Kucukkara, Ramazan; Karatas, Emin
    Protocols for hirudiculture have not been fully established; many issues need to be investigated. The present study aimed to determine the effects of the cocoon incubation angle (CIA) on hatching success in hirudiculture, using leech species of Hirudo verbana. Cocoons were individually incubated in jars at three different angles, horizontally (0 & DEG;), angled (45 & DEG;), and vertically (90 & DEG;) for one month. The rot in cocoons, which was 17.5% in cocoons incubated horizontally, decreased gradually as the CIA increased, was 2.5% in cocoons incubated vertically. The average number of offspring obtained from cocoons increased as the CIA increased. The optimum CIA was determined to be 78.73 & DEG; and 60.63 & DEG; for the lowest rot in cocoons and the highest number of offspring, respectively. The present study revealed that although not statistically significant the CIA is a variable affecting the hatching success of medicinal leeches during the incubation period. This result is thought to be because the air ventilation inside the cocoons is more efficient in cocoons positioned at an angle or in a vertical position compared to cocoons incubated in a horizontal position. For profitable hirudiculture, we recommend that cocoons be positioned at an angle close to vertically, more than 60 & DEG; during incubation.
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    Effects of mammalian blood with different glucose levels on reproduction, growth and survival of the southern medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820
    (Elsevier, 2022) Karatas, Emin; Ceylan, Mustafa; Dernekbasi, Seval
    Medicinal leeches are generally fed using pure mammalian blood. In the present study repro-duction, growth and survival of medicinal leeches (Hirudo spp.) fed by mammalian blood with modified glucose level were investigated for the first time. Leeches were fed by cattle blood in a final glucose level of 152 mg/dL (control group; Glucose-free), 200 mg/dL (G200 group), 300 mg/dL (G300 group), 500 mg/dL (G500 group), 750 mg/dL (G750 group), 1000 mg/dL (G1000 group), 2500 mg/dL (G2500 group) and 5000 mg/dL (G5000 group) with the addition of D -Glucose Monohydrate. Greatest growth performance was determined in the G2500 group with a specific growth rate of 2.34% (final body weight: 10.37 & PLUSMN; 3.86 g) (P < 0.05). A quadratic increase was observed in the body weight values of the leeches depending on the glucose dose (Plinear and Pquadratic < 0.05). The greatest survival and gravidity rates were 89% and 38%, respectively, in the G750 group (P < 0.05). The increased glucose level caused a sharp decrease in the survival and gravidity rates of leeches. The glucose level did not significantly effected the cocoon and offspring productivity (P > 0.05). According to the broken line model, optimum glucose levels based on growth, survival rate and gravidity rate were 2461 mg/dL, 750.0 mg/dL and 749.9 mg/dL, respectively. The study showed that, although the optimum growth performance was obtained in the G2500 group, blood with glucose level of 750 mg/dL should be used for profitable medicinal leech culture considering survival and gravidity rates.
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    Growth, survival and reproduction of the Turkish medicinal leech, Hirudo sulukii
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Ceylan, Mustafa; Kucukkara, Ramazan; Erbatur, Ismail; Karatas, Emin; Tunc, Meryem; Saglam, Naim
    The present study aimed to investigate growth, survival and reproduction of the Turkish medicinal leech, Hirudo sulukii, endemic to Southeastern Anatolia and whose biology is poorly understood. In comparison with the Southern medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, which has a wide distribution throughout Eurasia, H. sulukii grew faster until the fourth month, then growth increased significantly in favour of H. verbana. At the beginning of gravidity, high mortality occurred in specimens of H. sulukii not transferred to moist peat, the cocoon deposition area. Gravidity occurred in almost all (98%) H. sulukii adults, but was detected in only 60% of H. verbana adults. Unlike the growing period, survival rate was greater in H. sulukii during the reproductive period. Gravidity and cocoon laying periods lasted longer in H. sulukii, which continued reproductive activity even in colder conditions. There were more and smaller sized cocoons having higher deformation rate in H. sulukii. Likewise, fewer and larger offspring having lower morphological abnormality were observed in cocoons having lower hatchling rates in H. sulukii. Collectively, our findings reveal that H. sulukii reaches adult size relatively early, continues its reproduction in cold conditions and displays high reproductive performance, thus making it a strong candidate for leech aquaculture.
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    Kalsiyum Kaynagi Olarak Yumurta Kabuklarinin Yavru Kara Salyangozunun (Cornu Aspersum Müller, 1774) Büyüme Performansi Üzerine Etkileri
    (Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 2024) Dernekbasi, Seval; Karatas, Emin; Uzun Gören, Gülsen; Çelik, M. Yesim
    Bu çalismada, kalsiyum kaynagi olarak yeme ilave edilen yumurta kabugunun yavru kara salyangozlarin (Cornu aspersum) büyüme performanslari üzerindeki etkisi degerlendirilmistir. Arastirmada limestone (LMS) karsilik membranli (ES) ve membransiz (MES) olarak iki farkli sekilde yemlere ilave edilen yumurta kabuklari kullanilarak 3 deneme yemi hazirlanmistir. Deneme yemleri protein, lipid ve kalsiyum oranlari esit olacak sekilde hazirlanmistir. Deneme 45 gün süre ile yürütülmüs ve 15 günlük peryodlar halinde ara tartimlar yapilarak salyangozlarin büyüme oranlari takip edilmistir. Deneme sonunda en iyi büyüme, agirlik artisi ve SGR membranli yumurta kabugu ilave edilmis yemle beslenen grupta belirlenmistir (P
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    Potential of Using Peanut Oil as Alternative to Fish Oil for European Seabass Diets (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Recirculated Systems
    (Adem Yavuz Sonmez, 2021) Dernekbasi, Seval; Karayucel, Ismihan; Karatas, Emin; Akyuz, Ayse Parlak
    The effects of diets containing peanut oil at different ratios on growth performance, biochemical and fatty acid compositions of juvenile European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, were evaluated under controlled conditions in the recirculated system for 12 weeks. The trial was planned as 6 groups (18 tanks) with three replicates and stocked as 12 fish (mean weight similar to 4.72 +/- 0.01 g) in each tank and was fed by one of six experimental diets. Each diet was formulated to replace 0% (FO, control), 20% (PNO20), 40% (PNO40), 60% (PNO60), 80% (PNO80) and 100% (PNO100) of the fish oil with peanut oil. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was the best in the PNO80 group (p<0.05). The fatty acid composition of the fillet reflects the fatty acids in the test diets. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of PNO60, PNO80 and PNO100 groups were lower than other experimental groups. The saturated fatty acids (SFA) were the highest in the PNO100 group. Some fatty acids [C16:0, palmitic acid (PA); C20:0, arachidic acid (AA); C18:1n-9c, oleic acid (OA); C20:1, eicosenoic acid (ESA); C20:3n-6, dihomo gamma-linolenic acid (gamma-ALA); C20:5n-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and C22:6n-3, docosapentaenoic acid (DHA)] were present higher proportion in fillet of all groups compared to experimental diets. EPA was lower in control and PNO20 compare to experimental diets. As a result, the use of peanut oil in different ratios in the diets had not a negative effect on the growth and proximate composition of European sea bass. This study also indicates that as long as fish meal is available in the diet, peanut oil can be considered a reasonably effective replacement for fish oil in sea bass feeds.
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    The Evaluation of the Reproductive Performance of Land Snail, Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774) without Photoperiod in the Non-breeding Season
    (Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 2022) Çelik, M. Yesim; Dernekbasi, Seval; Uzun Gören, Gülsen; Karatas, Emin; Karayücel, Sedat
    The purpose of this study was to investige the reproductive success of land snails (Cornu aspersum) without photoperiod during the non-breeding season in the Black Sea Region between December 2019 and January 2020. Snails, which were placed in cold storage for a hundred days, were awakened in December. The reproductive performances were assessed under semi-controlled laboratory conditions using the natural daylight cycle and the ideal temperature and moisture. The experiment was designed as a single group with 3 replications. The experiment was designed 3 replications, with 10 snails in each replicate in total of 30 snails. The reproductive performance of the snails was observed daily and the first mating took place on the 9th day of the study and the first egg-laying was detected in the second week of the study. The fecundity of the snails was 43%. Spawning activity was continued through to 3 weeks. The mean number of eggs, hatching rate and the number of offsprings were 151.13±22.02, 90.33±2.39% and 138.13±21.09, respectively. The mean egg and offspring live weights were 0.034±0.001 g and 0.03±0.007 g, respectively. The findings showed that the reproductive performance was low. In conclusion, reproductive performance is unsuitable for commercial snail production without the photoperiod treatment during the non-breeding season.