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    Beach litter contamination of the Turkish middle Black Sea coasts: Spatial and temporal variation, composition, and possible sources
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Bat, Levent; Oztekin, Aysah; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Gurbuzer, Pinar; Ozsandikci, Ugur; Eyuboglu, Bora; Oztekin, Hasan Can
    Marine litter is one of the biggest environmental problems nowadays. Sinop, is located in the heart of Turkiye's Black Sea coast, has a small population, and is a popular fishing and tourist destination. In this study, marine litter amount, composition, and possible sources were investigated, and seasonal comparisons were made be-tween in Sinop beaches. Marine litter amount was found as 0.29-7.67 items.m(-2) and 3.46-49.09 g.m(-2) and beaches were classified as moderate to extremely dirty. Plastics were the highest ratio (88.14-98.46 %) and plastic pieces 2.5 > < 50 cm were the major litter type. The major possible litter source was improper waste disposal (33.36 %) and litter items originated from mainly land-based sources (74.13 %). The result of this study shows that there is a significant litter problem on the coasts. The solution of this problem can be possible to take rational measures against marine litter pollution with education and management policies.
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    Effect of restricted feeding on the growth and body composition of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758)
    (Central Marine Fisheries Research Inst, 2016) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Sariipek, Merve; Kerim, Murat; Eyuboglu, Bora
    The aim of this study was to determine the effects of restricted feeding on the growth and body composition in juvenile European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax, (Linnaeus, 1758). Four different feeding regimes were tested in fishes having average weight of 6.57 +/- 0.09 g. The three treatment groups were fed three times a day adopting three different regimes: 6 days feeding/1 day starvation (6F/1S), 5 days feeding/2 days starvation (5F/2S) and 4 days feeding/3 days starvation (4F/3S) for a period of 60 days. Control group (C) was fed daily three times a day. At the end of the study the average weights were 31.21 +/- 1.39 g (C), 36.47 +/- 1.33 g (6F/1S), 29.01 +/- 1.01 g (5F/2S) and 24.21 +/- 0.82 g (4F/3S) respectively (p<0.05). SGR were 2.54 +/- 0.17 (C), 2.64 +/- 0.20 (6F/1S), 2.37 +/- 0.06 (5F/2S) and 2.10 +/- 0.09 (4F/3S) (p<0.05) and FCR values recorded were 1.29 +/- 0.05 (C), 1.12 +/- 0.01 (6F/1S), 1.21 +/- 0.01 (5F/2S) and 1.24 +/- 0.01 (4F/3S). Crude protein and lipid values in restricted feeding groups were higher than those of the control group (p<0.05) while SFA and MUFA values increased with starvation period while DHA, EPA, PUFA and Omega-3 values decreased with starvation period (p<0.05). Results of the study clearly showed that restricted feeding had effect on the growth parameters, biochemical composition and fatty acid compositions in European seabass.
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    Effects of stocking density on survival, growth and biochemical composition of cultured mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck 1819) from an offshore submerged longline system
    (Wiley, 2015) Karayucel, Sedat; Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Ismihan; Ozturk, Recep; Eyuboglu, Bora
    This study examined an offshore submerged mussel longline system, in the Black Sea, from May 2009 to May 2010. The system was allowed 1year for spat collection. After a 1-year spat collection period, some spat collectors were left untouched (NS), and some spat collectors were grazed and socked (S) for a grow-out study in May 2009. The effects of stocking density on the growth and survival of the S and NS mussels were examined. The biochemical composition of the mussels was also determined. Environmental factors including temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, total suspended matter, inorganic matter and organic matter were monitored monthly during the experimental period. In May 2010, the mean length and live weight of the S and NS mussels were 60.46 +/- 0.60mm and 53.34 +/- 0.37mm, respectively, and 20.50 +/- 0.50g and 13.11 +/- 0.26g respectively. Mean moisture and ash were 82.35 +/- 0.47% and 6.67 +/- 0.44% respectively. Mean carbohydrate, protein and lipid were 27.74 +/- 2.40%, 57.68 +/- 2.15% and 7.91 +/- 0.68% respectively. These results indicate that a submerged offshore mussel culture system in the Black Sea can be commercially convenient. In addition, stock management via thinning out of the spat can considerably increase the marketable size of mussels, reduce harvest time and produce better growth.
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    Meat Yield, Condition Index, and Biochemical Composition of Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) in Sinop, South of the Black Sea
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Sedat; Karayucel, Ismihan; Ozturk, Recep; Eyuboglu, Bora
    Monthly variations in meat yield and biochemical composition of Mediterranean mussels on lantern nets were investigated from May 2005 to May 2006, in Sinop, south of the Black Sea. Dry weight condition index was between 2.66 and 7.10% with a mean of 4.86 +/- 0.36%. Meat yield was maximum (26.69%) in March and minimum (17.43%) in October. Moisture values were between 78% (in June) and 86% (in April). Protein content in dry weight of mussels reached the highest value in February (74.64%) before the spawning time. Lipid value was maximum (18.03%) in May 2005.
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    Settlement and growth of the mussels (Mytilusgalloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819) on different collectors suspended from an offshore submerged longline system in the Black Sea
    (Wiley, 2016) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Sedat; Karayucel, Ismihan; Eyuboglu, Bora; Ozturk, Recep
    A study of spat settlement of a submerged longline mussel culture system was carried out in Sinop area, Black Sea, between May 2008 and May 2009. The effects of six different types of collectors on spat settlement and growth were investigated. Six different types of spat settlement rope were used as polypropylene ropes with 18 mm diameter, 18 mm diameter timeworn silk rope, 22 mm diameter rope made from old hawser (OSR), 22 mm diameter ropes made from old anchovy net without pegs, 18 mm diameter old used nylon ropes and 18 mm diameter tasselled polypropylene ropes. Monthly temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, total suspended matter, inorganic matter and organic matter were determined during the experimental period. The best settlement was observed on the OSR type when measured per metre (3450.00 +/- 125.83 ind m(-1)). Consequently, the findings showed that settlement preference of spat occurred according to rope structure, and if ropes are designed to combine numerous well-fixed tassels, spat settlement can increase. Spat growth was affected by environmental factors and rope structure. In addition, the study revealed a negative relationship between density and growth.
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    The effects of dietary supplement of rounded brittle fern weed (Laurencia obtusa) (hudson) (j.v.lamouroux, 1813) as a natural carotenoid on pigmentation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (Central Fisheries Research Institute, 2018) Baki, Birol; Kerim, Murat; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Eyuboglu, Bora; Karacuha, Ali
    The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) as a natural carotenoid on the growth performance, biochemical composition and skin and fillet pigmentation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Laurencia obtusa was collected manually from the shores of Sinop (The Black Sea-Turkey) and included in the diet at two different ratios as 30 (L30) and 60 (L60) mg/kg diet. The fish with an average weight of 248.9±6.1 g were fed by the experimental diets for 6 weeks. The best growth performance was determined in L0. The differences between protein, fat and ash values of fish were not significant (P>0.05). At the end of the study, the L* value was highest in the L0 group (59.94±1.28) and lowest in the L60 group (53.43±1.98) and, in fillet, it decreased in all experimental groups compared to the initial values (P<0.05). The a* values of skin and fillet were determined between 4.48±0.31 and 4.68±0.41, 1.45±0.42 and 1.73±0.39, respectively (P>0.05). The b* value increased in all groups in skin (P<0.05), whereas it was decreased in fillet (P>0.05). © 2018, Central Fisheries Research Institute. All rights reserved.
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    The effects of environmental factors on survival, growth and biochemical composition of transplanted oysters (Ostreaedulis Linnaeus, 1758) from Aegean Sea to southern Black Sea
    (Wiley, 2015) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Sedat; Karayucel, Ismihan; Eyuboglu, Bora; Ozturk, Recep
    This study examined survival, growth rate and biochemical composition of oysters (Ostrea edulis) when transplanted from Aegean Sea to southern Black Sea (Sinop) and maintained offshore in a submerged long-line from December 2008 to December 2009. In December 2009, the mean length and live weight were 92.52 +/- 1.40mm and 109.60 +/- 2.41g respectively. Mean specific growth rate (SGR) was found as 1.29 +/- 0.16%. Meat yield ranged from 7.90 to 11.47%. Mean moisture and ash were 81.40 +/- 0.52% and 9.50 +/- 0.55% respectively. Protein content was between 36.57% and 61.31% with a mean of 50.17 +/- 2.13%, while lipid content was between 4.83% and 10.86% with a mean of 7.74 +/- 0.49%. Carbohydrate content was between 20.88% and 46.89% with a mean of 32.59 +/- 2.38%. The study demonstrated that protein, lipid and carbohydrate were used for different metabolic needs of oysters. Mortality was dependent on physiological stress related to the gonadal activity, temperature and inorganic matter in seawater. Consequently, the low salinity rate has a negative impact on growth rate of oyster. However, there was not a serious adaptation problem in transplanted oysters from Aegean Sea to Black Sea.