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    Comparison of fatty acids and some mineral matter profiles of wild and farmed snails, Cornu aspersum Muller, 1774
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Duman, Mehmet Bedrettin; Sariipek, Merve; Goren, Gulsen Uzun; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kocatepe, Demet; Karayucel, Sedat
    The fatty acid and mineral matter compositions of the visceral mass and pedal mass of wild and farmed Cornu aspersum were compared. The relative fatty acid amounts of the visceral and pedal masses of wild and farmed snails are: polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) > saturated fatty acid (SFA) > monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), PUFA>SFA>MUFA, MUFA>PUFA>SFA and PUFA>MUFA>SFA, respectively. Wild snails had a higher concentration of iron and zinc than farmed snails. Selenium was 2.82 times higher in the pedal mass of farmed snails than the pedal mass of wild snails. Ca:P ratios in the visceral mass of wild snails, visceral mass and pedal mass of farmed snails were 1.76:1, 1.12:1 and 3.87:1 respectively. Both wild and farmed snails have high contents of oleic, linoleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids and are a good source of minerals. Careful attention should be paid, however, as to which diet will be used during farming because the composition of fatty acid in the snail is affected by diet.
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    Comparison of Proximate and Amino Acid Composition between Farmed and Wild Land Snails (Cornu aspersum Muller, 1774)
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Duman, Mehmet Bedrettin; Sariipek, Merve; Goren, Gulsen Uzun; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kocatepe, Demet; Karayucel, Sedat
    The proximate and amino acid compositions of the visceral mass and pedal mass of wild and farmed land snail Cornu aspersum were compared. The lipid in all body parts of farmed snail was significantly higher than all body parts of wild snail. The ash content of wild snail pedal mass was higher than all body parts of farmed snails. The dominant amino acid was glutamic acid (Glu), while the highest values of essential amino acids were leucine (Leu) and arginine (Arg) in all body parts of all snails. Sulfur amino acid was the lowest value in C. aspersum, which indicated that methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) could have been the first limiting amino acids. The study results showed that the protein efficiency rate (PER) of C. aspersum is close to PER of egg, which indicates a high protein quality and high biological value of land snails. The study also demonstrated that the experimental diet had good acceptability and well-balanced essential amino acid content, meaning that the farmed snails could have almost the same protein characterization as wild snails. Thus, all body parts of both wild and farmed C. aspersum have high protein quality.
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    Development of Mussel (M. galloprovincialis L., 1819) Seed on Different Combined Collectors Used on Raft System, in Sinop, Black Sea
    (Medwell Online, 2009) Karayucel, Sedat; Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Ismihan; Erik, Goekhan
    Raft system was practiced for mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) culture in Sinop Region, Black sea. Four different types of collectors (A type collector was in 14 mm diameter nylon rope which is suspended from the the raft in known mussel settlement time. B type collector was in 14 mm diameter nylon rope which is suspended one month early from the known mussel settlement time. C type collector was in 22 mm diameter and made from old ship rope. D type colllector was in 19 mm diameter and made from old anchovy net) was conducted to investigate, effect of collector type on settlement. The results showed that collector types had a significant effect spat settlement. Both shape and surface structure of the collector was found significant (p<0.05). The filementous and thready surfaces of C and D type collectors were prefered by spats for initial settlement. D type collector had a highest density with 6.37 +/- 0.60 ind cm(-2). At the end of 8 months experimental period, the number of spats on A, B, C and D type collectors were found as 1218 +/- 7.90, 1344 +/- 6.80, 3480 +/- 5.10 and 3800 +/- 5.40 ind m(-1), respectively.
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    Effects of stocking density on survival, growth and biochemical composition of cultured mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck 1819) from an offshore submerged longline system
    (Wiley, 2015) Karayucel, Sedat; Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Ismihan; Ozturk, Recep; Eyuboglu, Bora
    This study examined an offshore submerged mussel longline system, in the Black Sea, from May 2009 to May 2010. The system was allowed 1year for spat collection. After a 1-year spat collection period, some spat collectors were left untouched (NS), and some spat collectors were grazed and socked (S) for a grow-out study in May 2009. The effects of stocking density on the growth and survival of the S and NS mussels were examined. The biochemical composition of the mussels was also determined. Environmental factors including temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, total suspended matter, inorganic matter and organic matter were monitored monthly during the experimental period. In May 2010, the mean length and live weight of the S and NS mussels were 60.46 +/- 0.60mm and 53.34 +/- 0.37mm, respectively, and 20.50 +/- 0.50g and 13.11 +/- 0.26g respectively. Mean moisture and ash were 82.35 +/- 0.47% and 6.67 +/- 0.44% respectively. Mean carbohydrate, protein and lipid were 27.74 +/- 2.40%, 57.68 +/- 2.15% and 7.91 +/- 0.68% respectively. These results indicate that a submerged offshore mussel culture system in the Black Sea can be commercially convenient. In addition, stock management via thinning out of the spat can considerably increase the marketable size of mussels, reduce harvest time and produce better growth.
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    Growth and Mortality Rates of Cornu aspersum: Organic Snail Culture System, Black Sea Region
    (Galenos Publ House, 2019) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Duman, Mehmet Bedrettin; Sariipek, Merve; Uzun Goren, Gulsen; Kaya Ozturk, Dilara; Karayucel, Sedat
    The study was aimed to examine a snail organic culture system and describe the cultivation properties of Cornu aspersum. The environmental parameters of the culture system and their effects on the growth and mortality rates of C. aspersum were determined between November 2014-October 2015. Snails were fed Spinacia sp. (spinach), Urtica sp. (nettles), Brassica oleracea sp (cabbage) and formulated diet. The feeding and growth rates increased with increasing temperature. Shell height growth rate was the highest in spring while the live weight growth rate was the highest in summer. Mortality rate of the baby snail was higher between November 2014 and May 2015 due to stress conditions such as handling and varying temperatures during their first stages of life. High mortality observed in adults could be associated with the spawning activity of the matured snails that caused physiological exhaustion. The result showed that the best culture cycle for C. aspersum was from spring to autumn in Black Sea region and in order to prevent postreproductive mortality, snails reached to marketable size should be harvested.
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    Influence of Seasonal Environmental Changes on The Biochemical Composition of Sea Cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1791) in The Dardanelles Strait
    (Natl Univ Food Technologies, 2017) Culha, Saniye Turk; Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karaduman, Fatma R.; Dereli, Hakki; Culha, Mehmet; Ozalp, Hasan B.; Hamzacebi, Sevim
    Introduction. There is a serious worldwide protein deficiency problem, so it is the obligation to know about edible species and their biochemical composition. Sea cucumbers have great value because of its high protein content. The study comprises monthly data on biochemical content of H. tubulosa. Materials and methods. Monthly variations in biochemical composition of sea cucumbers and environmental interrelationship were investigated from April 2013 to March 2014, from three stations (Gelibolu, Umurbey and Dardanos) in Dardanelles Strait, Turkey. Results and discussion. Temperature pattern was similar at the stations while salinity and organic matter values at Dardanos was different than others stations. Protein was maximum (52.48%) in March at Gelibolu; in May (52.81%) at Umurbey and (56.93%) at Dardanos; lipid was maximum (1.70%) in February at Gelibolu; in March (1.77%) at Umurbey and in September (1.42%) at Dardanos; ash was maximum (43.51%) in November at Gelibolu; in September (44.22%) at Umurbey and in December (44.98%) at Dardanos. Carbohydrate reserves were reduced due to being used as energy for lipid synthesis in September and also carbohydrate and lipid reserves could be used as an energy source during periods of lower available nutrition for basic metabolic function. Protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and moisture values varied depending on food supply and reproduction period and might have been indirectly affected by environmental conditions. Conclusions. The study clearly showed that protein, lipid, carbohydrate and ash values varied depending on food supply and reproduction period and might have been indirectly affected by environmental conditions.
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    Meat Yield, Condition Index, and Biochemical Composition of Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) in Sinop, South of the Black Sea
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Sedat; Karayucel, Ismihan; Ozturk, Recep; Eyuboglu, Bora
    Monthly variations in meat yield and biochemical composition of Mediterranean mussels on lantern nets were investigated from May 2005 to May 2006, in Sinop, south of the Black Sea. Dry weight condition index was between 2.66 and 7.10% with a mean of 4.86 +/- 0.36%. Meat yield was maximum (26.69%) in March and minimum (17.43%) in October. Moisture values were between 78% (in June) and 86% (in April). Protein content in dry weight of mussels reached the highest value in February (74.64%) before the spawning time. Lipid value was maximum (18.03%) in May 2005.
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    Settlement and growth of the mussels (Mytilusgalloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819) on different collectors suspended from an offshore submerged longline system in the Black Sea
    (Wiley, 2016) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Sedat; Karayucel, Ismihan; Eyuboglu, Bora; Ozturk, Recep
    A study of spat settlement of a submerged longline mussel culture system was carried out in Sinop area, Black Sea, between May 2008 and May 2009. The effects of six different types of collectors on spat settlement and growth were investigated. Six different types of spat settlement rope were used as polypropylene ropes with 18 mm diameter, 18 mm diameter timeworn silk rope, 22 mm diameter rope made from old hawser (OSR), 22 mm diameter ropes made from old anchovy net without pegs, 18 mm diameter old used nylon ropes and 18 mm diameter tasselled polypropylene ropes. Monthly temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, total suspended matter, inorganic matter and organic matter were determined during the experimental period. The best settlement was observed on the OSR type when measured per metre (3450.00 +/- 125.83 ind m(-1)). Consequently, the findings showed that settlement preference of spat occurred according to rope structure, and if ropes are designed to combine numerous well-fixed tassels, spat settlement can increase. Spat growth was affected by environmental factors and rope structure. In addition, the study revealed a negative relationship between density and growth.
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    Site properties for snail farming: the role of environmental factors and soil profiles in Cornu aspersum mineral content
    (Springer, 2024) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Culha, Saniye Turk; Duman, Mehmet Bedrettin; Altan, Can Okan; Goren, Gulsen Uzun; Kostekli, Bayram
    The research aims to emphasize the importance of site selection in snail farming by examining how differences in environmental variables and regional characteristics influence the mineral content of Cornu aspersum snails. This is achieved through a comparative analysis of the mineral contents in their muscle tissue and shells, including calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, ash, and dry matter, across two locations in the Black Sea region: Fatsa (F) and Sinop (S). The study found that snails allocate resources based on available calcium to strengthen their shells for survival. Snails in Fatsa, with high sodium intake, may be unhealthy and suffer from dehydration, and the quality of their meat appears poor due to unfavorable calcium-to-phosphorus and sodium-to-potassium ratios. In Sinop, higher calcium and inorganic content in shells provided hardness, while high calcium in meat caused toughness. These findings underscore the significance of understanding and managing soil profiles for sustainable snail farming, thereby informing site selection and optimizing conditions for growth and nutritional quality.
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    The effects of environmental factors on survival, growth and biochemical composition of transplanted oysters (Ostreaedulis Linnaeus, 1758) from Aegean Sea to southern Black Sea
    (Wiley, 2015) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Karayucel, Sedat; Karayucel, Ismihan; Eyuboglu, Bora; Ozturk, Recep
    This study examined survival, growth rate and biochemical composition of oysters (Ostrea edulis) when transplanted from Aegean Sea to southern Black Sea (Sinop) and maintained offshore in a submerged long-line from December 2008 to December 2009. In December 2009, the mean length and live weight were 92.52 +/- 1.40mm and 109.60 +/- 2.41g respectively. Mean specific growth rate (SGR) was found as 1.29 +/- 0.16%. Meat yield ranged from 7.90 to 11.47%. Mean moisture and ash were 81.40 +/- 0.52% and 9.50 +/- 0.55% respectively. Protein content was between 36.57% and 61.31% with a mean of 50.17 +/- 2.13%, while lipid content was between 4.83% and 10.86% with a mean of 7.74 +/- 0.49%. Carbohydrate content was between 20.88% and 46.89% with a mean of 32.59 +/- 2.38%. The study demonstrated that protein, lipid and carbohydrate were used for different metabolic needs of oysters. Mortality was dependent on physiological stress related to the gonadal activity, temperature and inorganic matter in seawater. Consequently, the low salinity rate has a negative impact on growth rate of oyster. However, there was not a serious adaptation problem in transplanted oysters from Aegean Sea to Black Sea.