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Öğe A basin-wide Black Sea Mnemiopsis leidyi database(Aquatic Invasions, 2011) Vladymyrov, Volodymyr; Kıdeys, Ahmet Erkan; Myroshnychenko, Volodymyr; Slipetsky, Denis; Shiganova, Tamara; Abolmasova, Galina; Bingel, Ferit; Tezcan, Devrim; Ak, Yeşim; Anninsky, Boris; Bat, Levent; Finenko, Galina; Gorbunov, Vladimir; Kamburska, Lyudmila; Mihneva, Veselina; Romanova, Zinaida; Sergeyeva, Oleksandra; Stefanova, Kremena; Xalvashi, Meri; İşinibilir, Melek; Özdemir, Zekiye BirinciA specific marine biological data management tool, the Black Sea Mnemiopsis leidyi database system was created within the European Commission 6th framework Black Sea SCENE project fo r the Black Sea region and is now being supported by the Permanent Secretariat of the Black Sea Commission. The core team of scientists studying M. leidyi in the Black Sea was brought together and all their available M. leidyi data and metadata were loaded into the common database. This works on the Internet and has a simple user interface. It gives Black Sea scientists the option to load all their corresponding data on the database and to use it as an effective tool to work both with M. leidyi and, in future, with other gelatinous organisms’ data, including another invasive ctenophore Beroe ovata . All loaded metadata and historical data are available to the entire scie ntific community. More recent data are available to the team members and with some restrictions – to other scientists.Öğe A brief look at the free-living Nematoda of the oxic/anoxic interface with a new genus record (Trefusia) for the Black Sea(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2015) Urkmez, Derya; Brennan, Michael L.; Sezgin, Murat; Bat, LeventIn order to provide the first comparative source of nematofaunal data at the oxic/anoxic interface off the Sinop Peninsula, the southern Black Sea, a survey of meiofauna and nematode fauna was conducted in August 2011 aboard the exploration vessel (E/V) Nautilus with ROV during the Black Sea Expedition NA012. Higher meiofaunal taxa and nematode composition were investigated. Free-living marine nematodes were the most abundant group at each site. A total of 84 species were found, belonging to 23 families. The suboxic zone was dominated by the nematode Trefusia aff. longicauda (42%). This is the first record of the genus Trefusia De Man, 1893 for the Black Sea. Although many factors are likely to influence the changes in the meiofaunal abundance and the composition of nematode assemblages, we suggest that oxygen reduction indeed affected the meiofaunal abundance and the nematode composition, however, a particular preference of several taxa for extreme conditions may be suggested.Öğe A Genome-Wide Approach to the Phylogeography of the Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Adriatic and the Black Seas(Frontiers Media Sa, 2019) Paterno, Marta; Bat, Levent; Ben Souissi, Jamila; Boscari, Elisa; Chassanite, Aurore; Congiu, Leonardo; Guarnieri, GiuseppeConnectivity between populations shapes the genetic structure of species being crucial for an effective management of environmental resources. Genetic approaches can provide indirect measures of connectivity, allowing the identification of genetically differentiated - unconnected - populations. In this study, we applied a 2b-RAD approach based on hundreds of polymorphic loci to provide the first detailed insight into the population genomics of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in part of its native geographical range. We sampled 19 localities within the Mediterranean and Black Seas, and analyzed a total of 478 samples. We detected strong differences between the two seas, whereas no differences were found between samples from the Western and Central Mediterranean and within Western Mediterranean samples. In the Central Mediterranean a significant differentiation emerged comparing Central Adriatic samples with those from South Adriatic and Ionian Seas. Furthermore, an East-to-West genetic structuring was found in the Central Adriatic Sea, which was not present in the Southern Adriatic and Ionian Seas. These results possibly reflect the local oceanography, with a Middle Adriatic gyre unable to prevent genetic differentiation in this species, and a Southern Adriatic gyre that effectively mixes propagules in Southern areas. In the Black Sea, no signal of genetic structure was found, although samples were spaced at similar distances as in the Adriatic-Ionian area. Genetic connectivity patterns of M. galloprovincialis reveal peculiar species-specific features respect to other species with similar larval duration, suggesting caution in using genetic connectivity data of single species in defining conservation units. We recommend of using genetic connectivity data of many species representing a variety of life history traits, and we call for new investigations using high resolution population genomics, particularly in the Black Sea, to understand if areas separated by hundreds of kilometers can be considered genetically connected as mussels' data suggest. This information will be critical to ensure a well-connected system of protected areas according to Aichi Target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity.Öğe A new Alien Fish from the Southern Black Sea (Sinop, Türkiye): Sebastes schlegelii Hilgendorf, 1880 (Scorpaeniformes, Sebastidae)(2024) Uygun, Orçin; Öztekin, Hasan Can; Öztekin, Ayşah; Bat, LeventSebastes schlegelii Hilgendorf, 1880 is an Indo-Pacific species with a widespread distribution in the coastal waters of the Far Eastern region. This study represents the first documentation of S. schlegelii off Sinop coast from the Southern Black Sea. The four specimens collected on 28 May 2023 and 18 June 2023 from rocky habitat at a depth of about 6 meters off Sinop coast had a total length range of 226 to 237 mm and weights ranging from 197.57 to 254.98 g. The spread of this species to the southern Black Sea coast is attributed to the transportation of early life stage individuals from the northern coast of the Black Sea to the southern coast via the cyclonic Rim Current.Öğe A Review of Sediment Toxicity Bioassays Using the Amphipods and Polychaetes(Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2005) Bat, LeventSeveral bioassay methods have been developed since the US EPA/COE (United States Environmental Protection Agency/ Army Corps of Engineers) testing protocol was devised, involving a great variety of test species. The amphipods and the polychates are now beginning to be used routinely as standard bioassay organisms for assessing the toxicity of marine sediments for regulatory purposes. The present review has confirmed the potential of both the amphipods and the polychaetes for sediments toxicity bioassays.Öğe A review on heavy metal levels in sea cucumbers(2020) Bat, Levent; Ahmed, Quratulan; Öztekin, Ayşah; Arıcı, ElifHeavy metals can remain in the marine ecosystems for a long time, they may affect biota in the food chain as a result. Sometimes theexistence of xenobiotics causes so great a alter in the ecosystem that a return to earlier, natural conditions is not viable. Human pressureon the sea’s resources is increasing, it affects the health of many organisms, leading to changes in the food chains and influencingaccumulation in the tissues of biota. Sea cucumbers are being used for heavy metal pollution studies. They are preferred with theirmany features such as easy collection from the land, feeding with organic matter, contact with sediment, maintenance in laboratories,obtaining sufficient tissue, consuming some species. This review covers heavy metal studies with sea cucumbers in different seas. Theresults are compared with each other. In addition, the evaluation of the consumed sea cucumber species in terms of human health hasbeen discussed.Öğe A review on sea cucumber (Bengali: Somuddro Sosha) as a bioindicator of heavy metal contamination and toxicity(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Bhuyan, Md. Simul; Bat, Levent; Senapathi, Venkatramanan; Kulandaisamy, Prabakaran; Sekar, Selvam; Haider, Sayeed Mahmood Belal; Meraj, GowharThis review paper exhibits the underexplored realm of heavy metal contamination and associated risks in sea cucumbers (SCs), which hold significant importance in traditional Asian marine diets and are globally harvested for the Asian market. The assessment focuses on heavy metals (HMs) presence in various SC species, revealing a global trend in HMs concentrations across anatomical parts: Fe > Zn > As > Cu > Hg > Pb > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cd. Specific species, such as Eupentacta fraudatrix, Holothuria mammata, Holothuria polii, Holothuria tubulosa, and Holothuria atra, exhibit heightened arsenic levels, while Stichopus herrmanni raises concerns with mercury levels, notably reaching 3.75 mg/kg in some instances, posing potential risks, particularly for children. The study sheds light on anthropogenic activities such as cultivation, fishing, and shipping, releasing HMs into marine ecosystems and thereby threatening ocean and coastal environments due to the accumulation and toxicity of these elements. In response to these findings, the paper suggests SCs as promising bioindicator species for assessing metal pollution in marine environments. It underscores the adverse effects of human actions on sediment composition and advocates for ongoing monitoring efforts both at sea and along coastlines.Öğe A Review on Studies of Heavy Metal Determination in Mackerel and Tuna (Family-Scombridae) Fishes(Bülent VEREP, 2018) Ahmed, Quratulan; Bat, Levent; Öztekin, Aysah; Ali, Qadeer MohammadIn this review, the chemicals, some of the mostimportant of which are heavy metals and their accumulation level in Mackerels,Tunas, and Bonitos in mainly the Arabian Sea and coastland in other seas werereviewed and compared.Öğe A Review on Studies of Heavy Metal Determination in Mackerel and Tuna (FamilyScombridae) Fishes(2018) Ahmed, Quratulan; Bat, Levent; Öztekin, Aysah; Ali, Qadeer MohammadMany chemicals especially heavy metals that are exist in fish are essential for human life at low amounts, but can be toxicat high amounts. Other chemicals such as Hg, As, Cd and Pb have not any essential function in biota and are toxic even at very low amountswhen ingested for a long period. The aim of this review is to compare and evaluate heavy metal levels in commercial fish species from theArabian Sea and coastline in other seas. In this review, Mackerels, Tunas and Bonitos species, the most commercial of Scombridae family, werechosen. The state of the metal pollution levels of these fishes is revealed under the light of the literature. The chemicals, some of which are themost important heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr and Mn were chosen and their amounts in commercial fish were evaluated.Most of studies showed that essential metals in fish species are much high, but the quantities of non-essential metals in edible tissues offish are found to be less. This review has shown that fish are used as bio-monitoring in heavy metal pollution. It is suggested that suchinvestigations should be continuous in terms of both human health and determination of metal pollution of our coasts.Öğe A Study on Diet Composition and Feeding Habits of Sphyraena putnamae Jordan & Seale, 1905 from the Northern Arabian Sea(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2025) Zohra, Kashifa; Yousuf, Farzana; Ahmed, Quratulan; Ali, Qadeer Mohammad; Bilgin, Sabri; Bat, LeventThe food and feeding habits of the Sphyraena putnamae (n=381) ranging from 16 to 99 cm were investigated the Karachi coast, the Northern Arabian Sea, Pakistan. S. putnamae consumed various prey items, which were divided into three categories: teleosts, molluscs, and crustaceans. Molluscs and crustaceans were the second preferred food component rather than teleost. The major constituents of the teleost group on basis of their ascendancy, were identified to be (dorosomatids; sciaenids; leiognathids; platycephalids; engraulids; carangids; bregmacerotids; nemipterids; scombrids; and synodontids). The empty stomach ratio and stomach fullness index did not differ significantly between the sexes and size classes. The stomach fullness index of juvenile barracudas (16-29 cm in length) was significantly higher as compared to adults in the medium (30-55 cm) and large (56-99 cm) size groups. Additionally, an analysis of dietary preferences revealed that small (juvenile) barracudas (16-29 cm) primarily consumed crustaceans, while medium-sized individuals (30-55 cm) preferred mollusks, and large individuals (56-99 cm) favoured teleost. The present study provides detailed information on the feeding ecology of the S. putnamae, for the first time from the Pakistan coast that will be useful for understanding trophodynamics of species developing effective management and conservation measures, ensuring the species' long-term viability.Öğe ACCUMULATION OF ZINC IN LIVER AND MUSCLE TISSUES OF RAINBOW TROUT (Onchorhyncus mykiss Walbaum 1792)(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2009) Guendogdu, Ayse; Yardim, Oeztekin; Bat, Levent; Culha, Saniye TuerkIn this study, the accumulation levels of zinc in the liver and muscle tissues of rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss Walbaum 1792) were recorded over a period of 30 days in water solutions of 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 in a L(-1) of zinc chloride (ZnCl(2)). There was no mortality at any concentrations of ZnCl(2) during the course of the experiments. The concentrations of zinc in the muscle tissues of rain bow trout were 14.22 (control), 41.05, 45.03, 56.73, 61.44 and 72.53 mu g g(-1) dry weight, exposed to 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg L(-1) Zn levels, whereas those in the liver of the fish were 46.53 (control), 155.24, 186.43, 239.51, 261.49, 398.88 mu g g(-1) dry weight, respectively. The accumulation of zinc in the tissue and organs increased with increasing metal concentrations in the medium.Öğe Acute Toxicity of Cadmium on Ophelia bicornis Savigny, 1822(2019) Bat, Levent; Şahin, Fatih; Öztekin, AyşahStatic bioassays to assess acute toxicity of cadmium on Ophelia bicornis were first time conducted. Organisms wereexposed to the different concentrations of cadmium for 24, 48, 72 and 96-hr. The LC50 values for 24, 48, 72 and 96-h with95% confidence limits were estimated by the probit method and were found as 26 (22.8-29.4), 18 (15-22), 12 (9.1-14.4) and7.2 (6.8-7.5) mg/l for Group 1 (15 and 25 mm in length) and 28 (24.6-33.8), 24 (22.4-25.5), 18 (16.1-19) and 8.7 (7.8-9.6)mg/l for Group 2 (26 and 36 mm in length), respectively. Toxicity of Cd was dependent on concentration and exposure time.LC50 increased with increasing the length of organisms. Mortality of O. bicornis was increased by Cd concentration andexposure. Results showed that O. bicornis was sensitive to cadmium.Öğe Acute toxicity of zinc, copper and lead to three species of marine organisms from Sinop Peninsula, Black Sea(Turkish Journal of Biology, 1999) Bat, Levent; Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Sezgin, Murat; Çulha, Mehmet; Gönlügür, Gamze; Akbulut, MehmetAcute toxicity tests were performed on Echinogammars olivii (Amphipoda), Sphaeroma serratum (Isopoda) and Palaemon elegans (Decapoda), from the Sinop Peninsula in the Black Sea. 96- h LC 50 values were estimated for copper, zinc and lead in these species using the static bioassay method. The LC 50 values of Cu for E. olivii, S. serratum and P. elegans were 0.25, 1.98 and 2.52 mg/l, respectively. The LC 50 values of Zn for E. olivii , S. serratum and P. elegans were 1.30, 6.12 and 12.3 mg/l, respectively. The LC 50 values of Pb for E. olivii, S. serratum and P. elegans were 0.62, 4.61 and 5.88 mg/l, respectively. The results indicated that Cu was more toxic to the species followed by Pb and Zn. E. olivii was more sensitive to the metals than S. serratum and P. elegans.Öğe ANALYSIS OF MERCURY (HG) IN FOUR HOLOTHURIANS SPECIES (PHYLUM-ECHINODERMATA) FROM KARACHI COAST-NORTHERN ARABIAN SEA(2018) Ahmed, Quratulan; Bat, Levent; Alı, Qadeer MohammadNowadays metal bioaccumulation in holothuroids is increasing and is a cause of worry owing totoxicity. In the present study the concentrations of mercury (Hg) were measured in holothuroids(Holothuria (Thymiosycia) arenicola Semper, 1868, Holothuria (Lessonothuria) pardalis Selenka,1867, Holothuria (Lessonothuria) verrucosa Selenka, 1867 and Holothuria (Halodeima) atraJaeger, 1833) collected during different seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) in2015 at Buleji and Sunehri coasts of Karachi, Pakistan. Hg concentrations of tentacles were higherthan those in muscle, tentacle and gut tissues of the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon.The lowest Hg concentrations were found in muscle tissues at all seasons in Buleji and Sunehricoasts. The mean levels in the muscle tissues were 0.018 mg/kg dry wt. for H. arenicola, 0.024mg/kg dry wt. for H. verrucosa, 0.026 mg/kg dry wt. for H. pardalis and 0.036 mg/kg dry wt. forH. Atra. The results indicate that according to the European Union legislation the Hg amounts inall tissues of holothurians is much lower than permitted levels. In terms of Estimated WeeklyIntakes, this current work also proved that there was no likely health hazard to consumers on account of intake of sea cucumbers under the current consumption rate in Buleji and Sunehri coastsof Karachi, Arabian Sea.Öğe Analysis of Microplastic in Holothuria leucospilota (Echinodermata-Holothuroidea) and Sediments from Karachi coast, (Northern Arabian Sea)(2023) Ahmed, Quratulan; Öztekin, Ayşah; Alı, Qadeer Mohammad; Bat, Levent; Shaikh, IqraMicroplastics are found in all aquatic environments, and they can have several negative impacts on marine life. In this study, the distribution of microplastics in the sediment and in the organs (gut, respiratory tree, and tentacles) of sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) collected from Mubarak Village and Cape Monze on the Karachi coast of Pakistan were investigated. The microplastic amount in different organs of H. leucospilota was found as 15.3-40.45 pieces/individual in the gut, 15.45-23.9 pieces/individual in the respiratory tree, 8.9-9.55 pieces/individual in tentacles. The microplastic amount of sediment samples was 57.40-129.35 pieces/kg. Fibers were the dominant microplastic type, up to 99% of all samples. The results of the present study show that the region is contaminated with microplastics both in biota and in sediments.Öğe Assessing health risks from metal contamination in Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) along the Black Sea(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2024) Bat, Levent; Yardim, Oztekin; Oztekin, Aysah; Arici, ElifThis study presents a comprehensive assessment of heavy metal concentrations in anchovy samples collected from the coasts of Samsun and Sinop, Black Sea, with a focus on evaluating potential health risks for three distinct age groups. The mean metals were 0.0039, 0.0131, 0.0189, 0.1271, 3.53, and 2.471 mg/ kg wet wt. for Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe, respectively. The Estimated Daily Index for infants, children, and adults indicated that the potential exposure to heavy metals through anchovy consumption remained well below established safety thresholds, thus confirming the safety of anchovy consumption for all age groups. Furthermore, the health risk analysis, using the Hazard Quotients, showed that the noncarcinogenic health risks associated with heavy metal exposure in the anchovy samples were negligible, with total hazard quotients consistently below 1. This suggests no potential chronic health risks for consumers. Consumption of anchovy does not pose a carcinogenic risk regarding the Carcinogenic Risk Index calculated between 8.39 x10 -8 and 2.33 x10 - 7 for Pb.Öğe Assessment in Terms of Human Health Some Heavy Metals Concentrations Determined in Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) and Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) Marketed in Sinop (Turkey)(2018) Bat, Levent; Öztekin, Ayşah; Arici, ElifMercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) and gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 that are commercially sold on the Sinop fish markets were appraised. Selected heavy metals were assayed in edible tissues of the sampled fish, using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results are expressed in mg (kg wet wt.) -1 . In both fish species, Cu was detected in higher concentrations, followed by Cu. The means of metal concentrations in D. labrax were 0.030.008 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Hg; 0.0090.001 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Cd; 0.060.02 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Pb; 0.420.09 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Cu and 9.23.1 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Zn. Whereas the means of metal concentrations in S. aurata were 0.020.006 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Hg; 0.010.009 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Cd; 0.040.011 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Pb; 0.690.11 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Cu and 8.52.3 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Zn. None of the metals in European sea bass and gilthead sea bream were not above the permissible values.Öğe Assessment of Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Seaweed in Climate Change Mitigation(Ios Press, 2022) Bhuyan, Md Simul; Husain, Sk Abid; Chowdhury, Enam; Bat, LeventCarbon (C) cycling is being influenced by global climate change, which is altering the primary productivity and the rate at which carbon is fixed, released and stored in vegetation systems on Earth. Carbon sequestration is recognised as the storing of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other kinds of carbon for a long time. A selective atmospheric carbon-based anthropic enrichment causes an environmental catastrophe, which necessitates methods of mitigation. Algal primary production (which includes cyanobacterial algae, microalgal, and macroalgal) is a key pathway for C biosequestration in the ocean. Many scientists and environmental professionals are concerned about the rise in global temperatures and climate change. Increased quantity of carbon that can be absorbed from the atmosphere by exploiting the ability of plants, particularly seaweed, to use CO2 in process of photosynthesis is one of the key solutions being given to prevent the earth's rising temperature at a faster rate. The ability of ocean plants to act as a carbon sink from anthropogenic sources (also recognised as Blue Carbon) has piqued people's interest. Marine primary producers are responsible for at least half of the earth's carbon uptake and up to 71 percent of all C storing. Seaweeds have important roles in the elemental cycles of coastal ecosystems, mostly through the export of organic matter to neighbouring communities and the accumulation of carbon and nutrients in the sediment.Öğe Assessment of Food Supply of Small Pelagic Fish in the Black Sea Based on Their Lipid Content(Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2012) Nikolsky, Victor; Shulman, Georgiy; Shchepkina, Alla; Yuneva, Tatjana; Bat, Levent; Kaya, Yalçın; Kıdeys, Ahmet Erkan; Seyhan, KadirTotal lipids in anchovy and sprat were measured and interpreted as indicators of their nutritional condition and food supply for the period 2005 to 2010. High lipid content in anchovies suggested that they were able to found sufficient food and favorable environmental condition supporting their stock biomass on a certain level which was strongly limited by heavy fishing. Wide inter - annual fluctuations in anchovy landings could be caused by variability in yearly recruitment and due to shifts in the spatial distribution patterns of the exploited stock. Unlike anchovy, lipid reserves in sprat declined remarkably to the lowest levels recorded during the 50 - year observations period. Such a significant worsening in sprat nutritional condition followed the evident warming of the Black Sea and coincided with a sharp decline in sprat catches off Crimea. Thus, the deterioration of food supply together with intensive fishing could have contributed to the reduction of that local sprat stock.Öğe Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Black Sea coast: Implications for food safety and human health(Elsevier, 2023) Bat, Levent; Yardim, Oztekin; Oztekin, Aysah; Arici, ElifThe present study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) samples collected from the Black Sea coast in 2022. The research involved analysing male and female turbot samples for their potential to accumulate these metals and assessing the associated health risks for different age groups (infants, children, adults). Metal analyses were conducted using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS), and risk assessment was performed using the Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Risk Index (RI) methods. Results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals in both male and female turbots were consistently below the established safety limits set by national and international regulatory authorities. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and THQ values for all metals were found to be well below the corresponding reference doses, indicating no significant noncarcinogenic health risks associated with turbot consumption. Furthermore, the RI values for metals with available Cancer Slope Factors (CSF) were extremely low, suggesting negligible carci-nogenic risk from consuming turbot.
