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Öğe Assessing health risks from metal contamination in Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) along the Black Sea(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2024) Bat, Levent; Yardim, Oztekin; Oztekin, Aysah; Arici, ElifThis study presents a comprehensive assessment of heavy metal concentrations in anchovy samples collected from the coasts of Samsun and Sinop, Black Sea, with a focus on evaluating potential health risks for three distinct age groups. The mean metals were 0.0039, 0.0131, 0.0189, 0.1271, 3.53, and 2.471 mg/ kg wet wt. for Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe, respectively. The Estimated Daily Index for infants, children, and adults indicated that the potential exposure to heavy metals through anchovy consumption remained well below established safety thresholds, thus confirming the safety of anchovy consumption for all age groups. Furthermore, the health risk analysis, using the Hazard Quotients, showed that the noncarcinogenic health risks associated with heavy metal exposure in the anchovy samples were negligible, with total hazard quotients consistently below 1. This suggests no potential chronic health risks for consumers. Consumption of anchovy does not pose a carcinogenic risk regarding the Carcinogenic Risk Index calculated between 8.39 x10 -8 and 2.33 x10 - 7 for Pb.Öğe Assessment in Terms of Human Health Some Heavy Metals Concentrations Determined in Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) and Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) Marketed in Sinop (Turkey)(2018) Bat, Levent; Öztekin, Ayşah; Arici, ElifMercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) and gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 that are commercially sold on the Sinop fish markets were appraised. Selected heavy metals were assayed in edible tissues of the sampled fish, using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results are expressed in mg (kg wet wt.) -1 . In both fish species, Cu was detected in higher concentrations, followed by Cu. The means of metal concentrations in D. labrax were 0.030.008 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Hg; 0.0090.001 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Cd; 0.060.02 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Pb; 0.420.09 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Cu and 9.23.1 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Zn. Whereas the means of metal concentrations in S. aurata were 0.020.006 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Hg; 0.010.009 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Cd; 0.040.011 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Pb; 0.690.11 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Cu and 8.52.3 mg (kg wet wt.) -1 for Zn. None of the metals in European sea bass and gilthead sea bream were not above the permissible values.Öğe Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Black Sea coast: Implications for food safety and human health(Elsevier, 2023) Bat, Levent; Yardim, Oztekin; Oztekin, Aysah; Arici, ElifThe present study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) samples collected from the Black Sea coast in 2022. The research involved analysing male and female turbot samples for their potential to accumulate these metals and assessing the associated health risks for different age groups (infants, children, adults). Metal analyses were conducted using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS), and risk assessment was performed using the Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Risk Index (RI) methods. Results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals in both male and female turbots were consistently below the established safety limits set by national and international regulatory authorities. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and THQ values for all metals were found to be well below the corresponding reference doses, indicating no significant noncarcinogenic health risks associated with turbot consumption. Furthermore, the RI values for metals with available Cancer Slope Factors (CSF) were extremely low, suggesting negligible carci-nogenic risk from consuming turbot.Öğe Farmed Turkish salmon: Toxic metals and health threat(Kemerovo State Univ, 2021) Bat, Levent; Arici, Elif; Oztekin, Aysah; Sahin, FatihIntroduction. Toxic metals in fish, even at low levels, have negative consequences for human health. Even essential metals pose a health threat if consumed in certain quantities. Mercury, cadmium, and lead are the most frequent metals containing in fish. The research objective was to inspect the quality of aquaculture fish found in most major grocery chains across Turkey. Study objects and methods. The present research featured the quantities of Zn, Fe, Cu, Al, Pb, Hg, and Cd in Turkish salmon. The sampling took place between February and June 2019. The cumulative carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for consumers was evaluated based on trace element levels in a prospective health risk assessment using the U.S. EPA model of lifetime exposure. Results and discussion. Fe proved to be the most abundant clement in fish fillets, followed by Zn and Cu. Other elements appeared to be far below the permissible values, namely Al <= 0.5, Cd <= 0.02, Pb, and Hg <= 0.05. All the trace elements detected in Turkish salmon were below the reference dose values. The percent contribution to total risk by Fe, Cu, and Zn were 34.20, 24.80, and 41.01%, respectively. The hazard index was <= 1. The contamination of aquaculture fish fillet proved insignificant, and the carcinogenic risk was entirely negligible. Conclusion. The research revealed no hazardous trace elements, and their cumulative effects were not indicated in the hazardous index.Öğe Health risk assessment: heavy metals in fish from the southern Black Sea(Kemerovo State Univ, 2020) Bat, Levent; Oztekin, Aysah; Arici, Elif; Sahin, FatihIntroduction. The coastal contamination of the Black Sea has been an important issue for several decades. Heavy metals are the most harmful contaminants which affect people health. The research objective of the present study was to determine the amounts of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn found in the whiting (M. merlangus L.) and the red mullet (M. barbatus L.). These Black Sea bottom fish species have the highest commercial value. The obtained data were used to assess the risk which the fish represents for human consumers. Study objects and methods. The elements were detected using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The amounts of the metals arranged in the following order Zn > Cu > Pb > Hg > Cd. Results and discussion. The mean values of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the edible tissues were 0.013, 0.024, 0.07, 0.195, and 9.05 mg/kg wet wt. for whiting and 0.017, 0.036, 0.05, 0.29, and 6.4 mg/kg wet wt. for red mullet, respectively. These levels proved lower than the permitted values set by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of the UK (MAFF), Turkish Food Codex (TFC), and EU Commission Regulation. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for all the elements via consumption of whiting and red mullet were also low. Conclusion. Hazard index (HI) was < 1, which means that the fish caused no health problems in people who consumed whiting and red mullet caught in the southern Black Sea during the fishing seasons of 2017-2018. The carcinogenic risk index (CRT) for whiting and red mullet was also considered insignificant.Öğe Heavy Metal Biomonitoring in Cultured Rainbow Trout of the Black Sea and Risk Estimations on Its Consumption(Springernature, 2024) Bat, Levent; Arici, Elif; Oztekin, AysahIn recent years, the growing importance of fish species obtained through aquaculture, coupled with a decline in wild-caught fish, has raised concerns about the potential accumulation of pollutants in these fish. This work aimed to analyze the amounts of elements in trout cultured mainly between Sinop and Samsun shores at the south of the Black Sea and marketed in Sinop fish markets. The comparison of these values with national and internationally accepted regulations was conducted, and evaluation of health risks for consumers was performed. Oncorhynchus mykiss samples were bought in April, May, and June of 2022 and 2023. The heavy metal concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Fish tissues were wet digested in Teflon vessels. The outcomes were contrasted with established regulatory limits for heavy metals in fish. Fortunately, the metal concentrations detected in the fillets were found to be below the permissible levels set by regulations, indicating that the fish were not significantly contaminated. Furthermore, the estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) values, which are utilized to evaluate the possible health risks connected with heavy metal exposure, were calculated. It was reassuring to find that both EDI and THQ values were below the acceptable thresholds, suggesting that the consumption of O. mykiss is not likely to pose a threat to human health. To preserve seafood safety and safeguard public health, however, constant monitoring of fish metal levels is necessary.Öğe Heavy Metal Levels in Fish, Molluscs, and Crustacea From Turkish Seas and Potential Risk of Human Health(Academic Press Ltd-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Bat, Levent; Arici, Elif[No abstract available]Öğe Heavy metals health risk appraisal in benthic fish species of the Black Sea(Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2019) Bat, Levent; Arici, Elif; Oztekin, AysahPresent study is to provide information on the Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn levels in the muscle of red mullet Mullus barbatus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 and whiting Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Sinop Peninsula of the Black Sea in 2015 fishing season from September to December. This study also compare the measured values with national and international standards for food and human health.Öğe MARINE LITTER POLLUTION IN THE BLACK SEA: ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN LIGHT OF THE MARINE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE(Turkish Marine Research Foundation-Tudav, 2017) Bat, Levent; Oztekin, Aysah; Arici, Elif[No abstract available]Öğe Metals in Wild and Cultured Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) from Fish Markets in Sinop: Consumer's Health Risk Assessment(Springernature, 2022) Bat, Levent; Sahin, Fatih; Bhuyan, Md Simul; Arici, Elif; Oztekin, AysahConcentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn were determined in the muscles of wild and farmed European seabass in Sinop markets between September and December in 2020, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion. In the study, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu) were found higher than the other metals both in wild and cultured Dicentrarchus labrax. These are essential elements, but excess amounts act as a poison. Arsenic (As) concentration was higher than cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) both in wild and cultured D. labrax. The estimated maximum total dietary intakes of these eight metals from both wild and farmed European seabass were below the maximum acceptable daily intake values set by the Turkish Food Codex and European Union Regulation. Results showed that according to metal amounts, consumption of D. labrax had no threat to consumers' health. The target hazard quotient (THQ) revealed that harmful health impacts may not occur. Furthermore, risk index (RI) indicated that there may have a lower risk of developing cancer in the future who have been exposed to Pb and As through fish intake. Although the fish are not overly contaminated, the metal level is rising. Increased amounts of heavy metals in fish in different areas could be due to an increase in farm inflow water, domestic sewage, and a number of other anthropogenic sources, all of which should be looked into further. Precautions should be made to safeguard this fish from metal contamination and to reduce the risk to human health.Öğe Sediment-water interactions with Eelgrass (Zostera spp.) from sinop shores of the black sea(University of Guilan, 2020) Arici, Elif; Bat, LeventThis study is to provide information on levels of the elements in leaves and roots-rhizomes of Zostera marina and Zostera noltei, their surrounding sea water and sediments collected from Akliman and Türkeli coastal areas of Sinop city in the Black Sea four times between September 2015 and July 2016. The concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb in digested samples were measured by Agilent Technologies, 7700X ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer). The results showed that the concentrations of metals were found in the order Hg < Cd < Co < As < Pb < Ni < Cu < Zn < Mn < Al = Fe. Zostera species were bio-accumulative for Al and Mn (BCF ≥ 5000); and macro-consantrator for Zn and Cd (BSAF > 2). The general capacities of element translocation were found as acropetal for Al, Mn, Ni, Cd and Hg in eelgrass. The present findings interpreted for the first time in the Turkish Black Sea waters. Both species of Zostera in high concentrations of these elements may be due to untreated wastes that are discharging from different sources such as harbor activities, agricultural and domestic wastes in coastal areas. In order to assess the impact of contaminants and take necessary actions, the region needs to be monitored regularly. ©Copyright by University of Guilan, Printed in I.R. Iran.Öğe Toxic Metals in Seven Commercial Fish from the Southern Black Sea: Toxic Risk Assessment of Eleven-Year Data Between 2009 and 2019(Springernature, 2022) Bat, Levent; Sahin, Fatih; Oztekin, Aysah; Arici, ElifConcentrations of toxic metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) in the edible tissues of seven commercial fish species (Mullus barbatus, Merlangius merlangus, Scophthalmus maximus, Mugil cephalus, Engraulis encrasicolus, Trachurus mediterraneus and Sarda sarda) collected from Sinop coasts of the southern Black Sea were detected in 11 years. In several fish samples, the concentrations of elements (Cd, Hg and Pb) were not detected or were below the detection level. The present study showed that Pb was the most and Cd was the least accumulated metal in the studied fish species. The concentrations of those metals are below the international organizations' recommended limit. It was shown that the estimated metal dose values for daily average consumption and hazarded quotients (HI) in fish samples are below safety levels for human consumption (HI<1). From the human health point of view, this study showed that there was no possible health risk to people due to intake of any studied species under the current consumption rate in the country for 11 years. This study could be useful as a baseline data for metals exposure.Öğe Trace Element Risk Assessment for the Consumption of Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) from the mid-South Black Sea Coastline(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2022) Bat, Levent; Oztekin, Aysah; Arici, Elif; Sahin, Fatih; Bhuyan, Md SimulThis study aims to evaluate the metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn) contamination in Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) caught in the Sinop region of the Black Sea and the health risk to consumers. These eight metals were measured with an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (ICP-MS) in the edible tissues of S. sarda sampled during the September-December 2020 fishing season. Statistical analysis revealed that metal accumulation depends on the size. Large fish have been found to accumulate more metals than small fish. The results showed that the element concentrations in edible tissues of all S. sarda of the southern Black Sea were lower than the maximum allowable levels under European and Turkish regulations. The average weekly intake of tested metals per body weight did not exceed the established provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Target hazard quotient (THQ) and target hazard index (THI) were used to find out the non-carcinogenic health hazards as well as the cancer risk index (RI). The findings indicate that S. sarda specimens from the Black Sea are safe to eat, and the risk of health problems connected with non-carcinogenic effects is still very minimal for infants, children, and adults who consume them on a regular basis.Öğe Trace elements in edible tissues of the veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) in the southern Black Sea, Turkiye: sex, monthly, and age variations and human consumer health risk(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Bat, Levent; Basusta, Nuri; Oztekin, Aysah; Sahin, Fatih; Arici, Elif; Seyhan, KadirCoastal areas face significant pressures from a variety of human activities, owing primarily to population growth in these areas. Human activities produce a variety of contaminants, including trace metals, which are common forms of contamination that enter marine ecosystems. This study was carried out to provide information on trace element concentrations (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) in the muscles of Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) available on Sinop coasts of the southern Black Sea and to evaluate the possible risk associated with their consumption. The minimum and maximum values (mg/kg wet weight) of trace elements in the edible tissue of R. venosa decreased in the following order: Zn (1.75-8.53) > Cu (0.41-4.6) > Cd (0.021-0.255) > Pb (0.013-0.037) > Hg (0.010-0.035). The measured levels of all the trace elements in the present study were lower than the limits permitted by the European Community Regulation (EU), Turkish guideline, and the UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF). The hazard index value of Hg, Cd, Cu, and Zn for the veined rapa whelk is lower than standard 1, demonstrating that ingestion of this mollusk from the southern Black Sea does not result in overexposure to these contaminants. The risk index value for human cancer risk of Pb for all seasons was found to be insignificant. When comparing the levels of elements in males and females, significant differences were found in some months for all the metals. In general, the trace elements were detected in higher concentrations in females than in males. Both females and males have accumulated less trace elements with increasing age. This study was the first to show the distribution of trace elements as a function of age in R. venosa.
