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Öğe A Comprehensive Investigation of Tenderization Methods: Evaluating the Efficacy of Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Methods in Improving the Texture of Squid Mantle - A Detailed Comparative Study(Springer, 2024) Altan, Can Okan; Kocatepe, Demet; Corapci, Bengunur; Kostekli, Bayram; Turan, HulyaIn this study, enzymatic [papain (P), bromelain (B), and A. oryzae-derived fungal protease (FP); enzyme ratios: 0.012 (v/v), 38 degrees C, 50 min] and non-enzymatic [control (C; saline), mineral water (95%)-lemon juice (5%) (ML) (1/2:w/v), 38 degrees C, 50 min)] tenderizing methods on European squid mantle (Loligo vulgaris Lamarck, 1798) were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), total free amino acids (TFAA), total soluble protein (TSP), hydroxyproline (Hyp), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were performed on uncooked samples. pH, water activity (aw), color, nutritional changes, amino acids (AA), total volatile basic-nitrogen (TVB-N), Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS), texture profile analysis (TPA), and sensory evaluations were performed on both uncooked and cooked samples. A significant decrease in protein content was observed in group P (12.86%) compared to untreated (U) squid (15.16%). During frying, group P absorbed more cooking oil (8.37%) than the other groups. A higher degree of hydrolysis was observed in the enzymatically tenderized groups than in non-enzymatic groups, and a shift in secondary protein structures in favor of random coils. Hydrolysis was confirmed by Hyp and AA analyses. The total AA content order was found as B < P < FP < C < ML < U. ML and FP groups have relatively higher total bitter and umami AA compositions, especially in uncooked samples. FP and ML groups had more favorable results across all analyses, especially in terms of the sensory results, nutritional values, and TPA results of cooked samples. It is concluded that both methods are very convenient regarding industrial usage.Öğe Black Sea Whiting: Assessment of Potential Health Benefits/Risks and Differences Based on Mineral Concentrations of Meat and Roes(2019) Turan, Hülya; Altan, Can Okan; Kocatepe, DemetIn this study; the human health risks of whiting meat and roes, which are frequently consumed inTurkey were evaluated in terms of minerals and heavy metals. The potential of human health risksaccording to consumption of whiting meats and roes were assessed by estimating of Metal PollutionIndex (MPI), Estimated Weekly Intake (EWI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Total Target HazardQuotient (TTHQ) levels of heavy metals. The Cd, Hg and Pb results found in the roes were lowerthan the acceptable limits identified by Turkish Codex. The results showed that the investigated fishmeat’s Pb levels were higher than the limit values except from in April and May. The highest Cdcontent was 0.22 mg.kg-1 in whiting meat in December while the lowest Cd content was 0.03 mg.kg-1in May. The maximum value of metal pollution indices (MPI) was determined as 0.44 for whitingmeat and 0.66 for roes in March. The THQ values of whiting meat and roes were lower than 1 forsix months. However, the TTHQ values of whiting meat in February and March were higher than 1indicating health risk for the consumer by consuming whiting meat.Öğe Comparison between Indian and commercial chamomile essential oils: Chemical compositions, antioxidant activities and preventive effect on oxidation of Asian seabass visceral depot fat oil(Elsevier, 2025) Bora, Birinchi; Yin, Tao; Zhang, Bin; Altan, Can Okan; Benjakul, SoottawatAntioxidant properties of indigenous Indian (ICO) and commercial (CCO) chamomile essential oils (EOs) and their application in preventing lipid oxidation of fish oil were investigated. Solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GCMS) revealed dominant compounds to be alpha-bisabolol and chamazulene in ICO, while alpha-farnesene and delta-cadinene in CCO. Both EOs exhibited similar 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values but ICO showed superior effect in beta-carotene/linoleic system. When applied in Asian seabass visceral depot fat oil (SVDFO), ICO (400 mg/L) significantly reduced peroxide values after 15 days (30 degrees C) and slightly lowered thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and anisidine values. ICO (400 mg/L) showed comparable efficacy in preventing the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to 200 mg/L butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) within 0-12 days. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed preservation of PUFA double bonds by ICO. Therefore, chamomile EOs, especially ICO, could prevent lipid peroxidation in PUFA-rich oils.Öğe Comparison of fatty acids, lipid quality index and amino acid profiles of whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus Nordman, 1840) meat and roe during fishing season in Black Sea(Natl Univ Food Technologies, 2019) Kocatepe, Demet; Altan, Can Okan; Turan, HulyaIntroduction. The aim of research is to determine the fatty acid and amino acid composition of the whiting meat and roe caught in different months in Black Sea. Materials and methods. The whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus Nordman, 1840) caught from the Sinop region of the Middle Black Sea Region. Sampling were carried out twice a month. And the whiting meat and roe were compared in view of its fatty acid (FA) and amino acid (AA) composition during fishing season in Black Sea. Results and discussion. During the six months, the length and weight of whiting used in the study varied between 14.15-16.60 cm and 24.49-29.68 g, respectively. Minimum length and weight were determined in March. Maximum crude protein values of fish meat and roes was determined in May (18.61g/100g) and in April (16.30g/100g), respectively. SFA's (saturated fatty acids), MUFA's (monounsaturated fatty acids) and PUFA's (polyunsaturated fatty acids) of fish meat and roes had been varied during the season. The minimum and maximum EPA, DHA contents were found as 7.42-10.72, 3.39-22.67g/100g in meat and 0.03- 0.37, 3.79-4.76 g/100g in roe, respectively. The maximum and minimum n3/n6 values were found to be 14.01 in April and 4.47 in March in the fish meat, respectively. Lysine was the highest EA (essential amino acids) in both meat and roe in whole months' write values. The amounts of lysine and glutamic acid in fish meat were higher than in roe write values. The content of glutamic acid in fish meat was found higher than in fish roe during the study write values. The ratio of EA/non-EA were found to be max. 0.9 at March in meat. The fish roe's EA/nonEA ratio were found between 0.7-0.9 in fishing season. It has been found that whiting meat and roe contains high amounts of essential FA and AA. Conclusion. The nutritional quality of fish meat and roe varies seasonally. Otherwise, the umami source aromatic AAs content of fish meat higher than roe.Öğe Determination of Shelf Life of Cold Stored Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis L. 1819(Sidas Medya A.S., 2013) Turan, Hülya; Kocatepe, Demet; Altan, Can Okan; Erkoyuncu, IbrahimShelf life of the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis L. 1819 collected from the Black Sea Region of Sinop, was investigated under the storage conditions of restaurants. For this purpose, some of the shucked mussels were put in polystyrene plates and wrapped with a stretch film Group A , while the others were placed in water in glass jar Group B and both groups were stored at 4 ± 2°C for 4 days. Initial rates of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and water contents are %7.50, %1.30, %1.09 and %87.53 and initial values of TVB-N, TBARS, pH and aw are 12.92 mg/100g, 9.42 mg MDA/g, 6.67 and 0.99 of mussels used in the study, respectively. At the end of the storage period, TVB-N, TBARS, pH and aw values were determined 41.38, 37.64 mg/100g, 15.03, 12.86 mg MDA/g in the group A and; 6.40, 6.56; 0.99 and 0.99 in the group B, respectively. In the mussels, 3.94 log cfu/g mesophyll, 3.23 log cfu/g psychrotrophic and 3.80 log cfu/g enterobacteria counts were found initially, and mesophyll, psychrotrophic and enterobacteria logarithmic counts were 7.54-7.45, 6.07-6.17, and 5.88-5.87 at the end of the 4 day storage in Groups A and B, respectively. According to the results, mussels in polystyrene plates wrapped with stretch film can be consumed until end of the 2nd day, while mussels placed in water in glass jar until end of the 3rd dayÖğe Effect of different thawing methods on the quality of bonito (Sarda sarda, Bloch 1793)(Natl Univ Food Technologies, 2015) Turan, Hulya; Kocatepe, Demet; Altan, Can Okan; Goknar, GizemIntroduction. In this study, the changes on quality of whole frozen bonito (Sarda sarda) thawed in the refrigerator (at 4 +/- 2 degrees C, 22 hours), in the water (12.1 +/- 0.8 degrees C, 1.5 hours) and in the microwave (160 W, 7 min) were identified. Materials and methods. The quality control of bonito were carried out by the analyses of rational weight loss, TVB-N, TMA-N, TBARs, pH value, water activity (Aw), total mesophilic and total psychrotrophic bacterial amount. Results and discussion. After thawing process, water loss, pH, water activity, TVB-N, TBARs, TMA-N values, total mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria counts were found as; 2.01, 1.66 and 2.54%; 5.95, 5.98 and 5.86; 0.98, 0.98 and 0.99; 20.83, 20.35 and 14.87 mg/100g; 0.51, 0.45 and 0.54 mgMDA/kg; 0.89, 0.47 and 0.48 mg/100g; 3.58, 3.47 and 3.35 Log CFU/g; 3.25, 2.86 and 2.84 Log CFU/g, respectively. Significant differences (p>0.05) were not found between rational weight loss (%) and pH values of different thawing methods. The lowest TVB-N value of the bonito was observed in microwave oven with 7 minutes thawing time, the maximum TVB-N value of the fish was determined in refrigerator-thawed group for 22 hours. The analysis showed that the amount of TVB-N increased with increasing thawing duration. Therefore, in terms of time and quality of bonito thawing in microwave oven gives better results than the other methods. Thawing in the microwave gave the best results in terms of TMA-N value. The microbial amounts were found less than 4 Log CFU/g in all samples. Based on these results; less thawing time of microwave thawing and water-thawing method were obtained better quality fish. Conclusion. In this research, effects of thawing methods on pH value and sensory characteristics of bonito were not important statistically (p>0.05) while affect the other quality parameter. Based on the chemical and microbiological analysis results increasing thawing period were negatively affect the quality of fish.Öğe Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) mince(Sage Publications Ltd, 2016) Kocatepe, Demet; Turan, Hulya; Altan, Can Okan; Keskin, Irfan; Ceylan, AsumanThis paper reports the effect of different concentrations of CO2/N-2 gases on chemical/sensorial stability, color properties (L*, a*, and b* values), and microbiological properties of trout mince stored at 3 +/- 1?. The gas mixtures were used as follows; 60%CO2+40%N-2 (B), 75%CO2+25%N-2 (C), 40%CO2+60%N-2 (D). Control samples (A) were packed under atmospheric air. Analyses were carried out on the 1st, 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 20th, 24th and 28th days of storage. Among three modified atmosphere gas compositions, the best preservation method and most suitable gas concentration for trout mince were found in group C including 75% CO2. The inconsumable day of trout mince packed with air (control) and MAPs (Modified Atmosphere Packaging) (group B, C, and D) were 12th, 16th, 24th, and 16th days, respectively.Öğe Effects of Innovative Cooking Techniques on the Physico-Chemical, Color, Structural and Sensory Properties of the Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss)(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Kocatepe, Demet; Turan, Hulya; Gulgun, Unal Sengor F.; Corapci, Bengunur; Altan, Can Okan; Kostekli, BayramIn this study, the effects of different cooking techniques on some physicochemical, color, texture and sensory properties of rainbow trout farmed in net cage systems were investigated. The greatest water loss was found in the deep-fried group and the least water loss in sous vide group. The pH of the groups increased with cooking, but lowest pH was fish cooked sous vide. The highest L* value was determined from the group cooked under pressure of 70KPa (p < 0.05), while the lowest L* value was observed in the deep-fried group (p < 0.05). The maximum hardness (N) was found in the group cooked under pressure of 10KPa (p < 0.05). Pressure cooking techniques in automatic cookers for cooking trout cubes can be said to be one of the most suitable innovative cooking methods when color, textural characteristics and sensory juiciness values are taken into account in meat texture. Implications for gastronomy Fish meat is a valuable food. Suitable for both home and restaurant consumption, delicious, aromatic, healthy, perishable, and suitable for various cooking methods. In addition, it is a product with high sales value. Large rainbow trout (over kilograms) grown in the Black Sea has a high yield of meat and is sold for $13-14 per kg on both the domestic and foreign markets. Although all frying methods are applicable to this fish. This study examined whether the products prepared in new generation auto cooker and sous vide cookers are preferred by the consumers. The main criteria for buying raw fish are firmness to the touch, structure of the eye, redness of the gills, etc. such factors. What is desired in the end product that comes from the the sea to plate is a fish meat that is visually appealing in color and texture and leaves a unique taste and aroma on the palate when consumed. From this point of view, it was found that the color, uniformity and sensory characteristics of large rainbow trout cooked with automatic cookers used in both domestic and industrial kitchens are better.Öğe Enhancing the Quality of Ready-to-Eat Trout Burger Patties: Investigating the Combination of Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Microbial Transglutaminase Enzyme(Wiley, 2024) Altan, Can Okan; Turan, Hulya; Kocatepe, Demet; Keskin, Irfan; Kostekli, BayramIn this study, rainbow trout patties (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) were treated under a modified atmosphere (MA) (60/40:CO2/N-2) packed with microbial transglutaminase enzyme (MTGase) at varying concentrations (0.5% and 1%) and kept for a full day at 2 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C. Denser and more complex intermolecular cross-linking formations between peptides and gel network structures were observed in the first and last scanning electron microscope images of MTGase-containing groups. MTGase increased the springiness, hardness, shear force, and work-of-shear parameters during the storage period in uncooked and cooked patties compared to the control group. The protein, energy, moisture, and amino acid contents were maintained in the MTGase-containing groups, but using MTGase at higher concentrations was ineffective. Microbiological analyses have shown that MTGase is partially effective on microbial fauna, and the most significant inhibitory effect was determined on total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB). In all groups, the total amounts of saturated, monosaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids remained unchanged on both production and expiration days (p > 0.05). After mixing the burger patty additives into the ground meat, the amounts of sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium increased in all groups (p < 0.05); however, a decrease in calcium was observed in the MTGase-containing groups (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. The higher proportion of the MTGase-contained group did not exhibit significant differences compared to the lower proportion of the MTGase-contained group, except for textural characteristics and the TMAB inhibition effect.Öğe Influence of different essential oils on marinated anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L. 1758) during refrigerated storage(Soc Brasileira Ciencia Tecnologia Alimentos, 2019) Kocatepe, Demet; Turan, Hulya; Altan, Can Okan; Keskin, Irfan; Ceylan, Asuman; Kostekli, Bayram; Candan, CananThis study aims to determine the effect of different essential oils on the physical, chemical and microbiological properties, and the shelf life of the cold marinated anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus L. 1758) stored at 4 +/- 2 degrees C. The anchovies were marinated for twenty-four hours at 4 +/- 2 degrees C in brine, consisting of salt (10%), alcohol vinegar (4%) and citric acid (0.2%), and then stored for six months at 4 +/- 2 degrees C in sunflower seed oil. The study consists of the following groups: only sunflower seed oil (group A), 0.1% rosemary oil (group B), 0.1% coriander oil (group C), 0.1% laurel oil (group D) and 0.1% garlic oil (group E). When the results of the TVB-N and microbiological analysis were considered, it were established that all the groups maintained their freshness during the six month period, and that group E containing garlic oil, had the minimum TVB-N ratio and the lowest total mesophilic bacteria count by the end of the storage period.Öğe Interaction between rancidity and organoleptic parameters of anchovy marinade (Engraulis encrasicolus L. 1758) include essential oils(Springer India, 2017) Turan, Hulya; Kocatepe, Demet; Keskin, Irfan; Altan, Can Okan; Kostekli, Bayram; Candan, Canan; Ceylan, AsumanThis study was carried out to evaluate the lipid oxidation and sensory attributes of anchovy marinated with 10% NaCl+4% alcohol vinegar+0.2% citric acid solution and 0.1% different essential oils. Group A Control: only sunflower seed oil, Group B: sunflower seed oil+0.1% rosemary oil, Group C: sunflower seed oil+0.1% coriander oil, Group D: sunflower seed oil+0.1% laurel oil and Group E: sunflower seed oil+0.1% garlic oil. During storage, lipid oxidation as indicated by the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) values of the control group were significantly higher than the other groups containing essential oils. The results showed that the essential oils have retarding effect on lipids oxidation. This effect was the highest in laurel oil during initial 3 months; and it was similar to laurel oil and rosemary oil in the fourth month; in all the essential oil added groups in 6 month. L*(brightness) values were similar for all groups in first fourth months but, at the last 2 months, group using laurel oil was found better. Yellowness (b*) was similar in all groups during the intial 3 months whereas, after that lower values in the groups that used laurel and rosemary oils were detected. The study concluded that marination with 0.1% laurel oil of anchovy can retard lipid oxidation and improve the sensory attributes of the product during refrigerated storage.Öğe İyonize radyasyon işlemi uygulanarak dondurulan palamut balığının (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793) saklama süresinin araştırılması(Sinop Üniversitesi, 2014) Altan, Can Okan; Turan, HülyaBu çalışmada, palamut balıkları (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793) farklı dozlarda ışınlanıp (3 ve 5 kGy) paketlenerek dondurulmuş ve 12 ay süre ile -20±2oC'de depolanmıştır. Depolama süresince ışınlama işleminin balık eti mikrobiyal faunası, fiziksel ve kimyasal değişiklikleri üzerine etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Artan ışınlama dozunun (5 kGy) mikrobiyal yüke (mezofil ve psikrofil aerobik bakteri) ve duyusal parametrelere (tekstür ve genel) daha yüksek derecede olumlu etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). aw, TMA-N, TVB-N, TBARs ve koku parametrelerinin ışınlanan gruplarda (3 ve 5 kGy) kontrol grubuna göre daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Bununla birlikte, farklı dozda ışınlama yapılan gruplar (3 ve 5 kGy) arasında önemli bir fark tespit edilmemiştir (p>0.05). pH ve lezzet parametreleri bakımından ise tüm gruplar benzer sonuçlar vermiştir (p>0.05). Çalışma sonunda, ışınlama işlemi yapılarak (3 ve 5 kGy) dondurulan palamut balıklarının raf ömrünün uzadığı, kontrol grubunun 9. ay sonunda bozulduğu, uygulanan her iki dozun ürünün fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinde benzer etki gösterdiği, duyusal ve mikrobiyal açıdan ise balık üzerinde pek çok yönde daha fazla olumlu etki göstermesi bakımından 5 kGy dozun kullanılmasının daha uygun olacağı saptanmıştır.Öğe MARİNASYON İŞLEMİ SIRASINDA HAMSİDE (Engraulis encrasicolus L. 1758) MEYDANA GELEN RENK DEĞİŞİMİNİN VE BAZI KİMYASAL PARAMETRELERİN BELİRLENMESİ(2018) Keskin, İrfan; Kocatepe, Demet; Turan, Hülya; Altan, Can Okan; Kstekli, Bayram; Ceylan, Asuman; Candan, CananÇalışmada, marinasyon sürecinde hamsinin renk değişimi ile bazı fiziko-kimyasal parametrelerin tespitiamaçlanmıştır. Donmuş hamsiler, çözdürülmüş, temizlenmiş ve marinasyona hazır hale getirilmiştir.Hamsiler salamurada (%10 tuz, %4 alkol sirkesi ve %0.2 sitrik asit) balık:salamura oranı 1:2 olacak şekilde 24saat süreyle 4±2oC’de marine edilmiştir. Marinasyon esnasında 6 saat ara ile üründe; renk, su aktivitesi (aw),pH, tuz, sirke, çalışmanın başında ve sonunda ise besin kompozisyonu (ham protein, ham yağ, ham kül,nem) analizleri yapılmıştır. Renk analizinde taze balığın başlangıç L*, a*, b* değerleri sırasıyla 37.49, 2.46,2.91 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Marinasyon sonrasında balık eti parlaklığının (L*) ve sarı (+b*) renk değerininarttığı (72.35 ve 5.13), kırmızı (+a*) renk değerinin azaldığı (0.70) belirlenmiştir (P<0.05). Taze balık etindesu aktivitesi (aw), pH, tuz ve sirke değerleri sırasıyla; 0.961, 6.42, 0.27, 0.00 iken, marinasyon sonunda 0.915,3.98, 6.29 ve 1.93 olarak belirlenmiştir (P<0.05). Hamsinin, marinasyon işlemi sonrasında marinat içinistenilen özellikleri taşıdığı ve besin değerini koruduğu tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Modifiye atmosfer ile paketlenen alabalık (Oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792) köftesinde mikrobiyal transglutaminaz enziminin ürün kalitesi üzerine etkisi ve endüstriyel kullanım olanaklarının araştırılması(Sinop Üniversitesi, 2020) Altan, Can Okan; Turan, HülyaBu araştırmada, Gökkuşağı alabalığından (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) iki farklı oranda mikrobiyal transglutaminaz (MTGaz) enzimi [(A Grubu: %0.5 MTGaz), (B Grubu: %1 MTGaz)] ilave edilerek üretilen köfteler, modifiye atmosfer paketleme (MAP) (60/40:CO2/N2) ile paketlenerek 2±2°C'de 24 gün boyunca depolanmıştır. Farklı konsantrasyonlarda kullanılan MTGaz enziminin köfte üzerindeki etkileri (besin kompozisyonu, fiziksel, kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik, duyusal analizler ve mekanik testler) incelenmiştir. %1 oranında kullanılan (B Grubu) enzimin mikrobiyal fauna üzerinde daha yüksek inhibisyon etkisinin olduğu, hem çiğ hem de pişmiş üründe su ve pişirme kaybını azaltıcı etkide olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Köfte formunda istenilen reolojik özelliklerin de artan enzim konsantrasyonu ile önemli ölçüde iyileştiği tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Besin bileşimi, yağ asitleri ve amino asit kompozisyonları ile renk, pH, su aktivitesi (aw) ve tiyobarbütirik asit reaktif maddeleri (TBARs) sonuçları açısından enzim konsantrasyonunun etkisi önemli bulunmamıştır. Duyusal, kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analiz sonuçları bakımından alabalık köftelerinin raf ömrü, kontrol grubunda 18 gün, A ve B gruplarında ise 21 gün olarak tespit edilmiştir. Toplam Psikrofil Aerob Bakteri (TPAB), Toplam Uçucu Azotlu Bileşikler (TVB-N) ve duyusal analiz verileri ile oluşturulan TOPSIS (Technique for Order-Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) makul çözüme yakınlık ve sıralama tekniğine göre, A grubunun (%0.5 enzim ilaveli) tercih edilebilirlik açısından ilk sırada olduğu brlirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tüketime hazır bu ürününde MTGaz enzimi ve MAP'ın birlikte kullanımı neticesinde gıda güvenliğine uygun olarak maksimum koruma sağlanmıştır.Öğe Potential Contribution of Farmed Fishes to The Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs): A Case Study of Farmed Atlantic Salmon (S. salar) and Different Origin Large Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss)(2024) Kocatepe, Demet; Corapci, Bengunur; Altan, Can Okan; Köstekli, Bayram; Keskın, Irfan; Turan, HülyaIn this study, different source species such as the large rainbow trout (O. mykiss) and Norwegian salmon (S. salar) were compared in terms of nutritional properties. The groups consisted of large rainbow trout of France-origin (Group A), large rainbow trout of local-origin (Group B) and imported Norwegian salmon (Group N). Group B had the highest crude protein content compared to the others. Group N's crude fat, protein and energy content was lower than that of Groups A and B. In the amino acid profile of the groups, lysine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were determined at high rates, respectively. Group A's PUFA content was similar to that of Group N. The most important factor that makes Groups A and B superior to N, was the higher EPA+DHA, vitamin A, iron and selenium content. Accordingly, it was determined that the crude protein, crude oil, energy values and lysine, EPA+DHA, vitamin A, and selenium contents of large rainbow trout sampled from fish grown in the Black Sea were higher than Norwegian salmon.Öğe Site properties for snail farming: the role of environmental factors and soil profiles in Cornu aspersum mineral content(Springer, 2024) Celik, Meryem Yesim; Culha, Saniye Turk; Duman, Mehmet Bedrettin; Altan, Can Okan; Goren, Gulsen Uzun; Kostekli, BayramThe research aims to emphasize the importance of site selection in snail farming by examining how differences in environmental variables and regional characteristics influence the mineral content of Cornu aspersum snails. This is achieved through a comparative analysis of the mineral contents in their muscle tissue and shells, including calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, ash, and dry matter, across two locations in the Black Sea region: Fatsa (F) and Sinop (S). The study found that snails allocate resources based on available calcium to strengthen their shells for survival. Snails in Fatsa, with high sodium intake, may be unhealthy and suffer from dehydration, and the quality of their meat appears poor due to unfavorable calcium-to-phosphorus and sodium-to-potassium ratios. In Sinop, higher calcium and inorganic content in shells provided hardness, while high calcium in meat caused toughness. These findings underscore the significance of understanding and managing soil profiles for sustainable snail farming, thereby informing site selection and optimizing conditions for growth and nutritional quality.Öğe Soğukta Saklanan Midyelerin (Mytilus galloprovincialis L. 1819) Raf Ömrünün Belirlenmesi(2013) Turan, Hülya; Kocatepe, Demet; Altan, Can Okan; Erkoyuncu, İbrahimÇalışmada, restoranlardaki depolama koşulları oluşturularak Karadeniz'in Sinop Bölgesi'nden çıkarılan midyelerin raf ömürleri araştırılmıştır. Kabuklarından ayrılarak polistiren tabaklarda streç filmle paketlenen (A grubu) ve içme suyu dolu cam şişeye konulan midyeler (B grubu) 42C'de 4 gün depolanmıştır. Midyelerin başlangıçtaki ham protein, ham yağ, ham kül ve su miktarları sırasıyla; %7.50, %1.30, % 1.09 ve %87.53, TVB-N, TBARS, pH ve aw değerleri ise sırasıyla; 12.92 mg/100g, 9.42 mg MDA/g, 6.67 ve 0.99 olarak belirlenmiştir. Depolama sonunda A ve B gruplarının TVB-N, TBARS, pH ve aw değerleri 41.38, 37.64 mg/100g; 15.03, 12.86 mg MDA/g; 6.40, 6.56; 0.99 ve 0.99 bulunmuştur. Başlangıçta 3.94 log KOB/g mezofil, 3.23 log KOB/g psikrofil ve 3.80 log KOB/g enterobakter yükü olan midyelerin 4. gün sonundaki yükleri A ve B gruplarında sırasıyla 7.54-7.45, 6.07-6.17 ve 5.88-5.87 olarak bulunmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarına göre streç filmle paketlenen midyelerin 2. gün sonuna kadar, suda saklanan midyelerin ise 3. gün sonuna kadar tüketilebileceği belirlenmiştirÖğe Synergistic Effect of Freezing and Irradiation on Bonito Fish (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793)(Int Assoc Food Protection, 2016) Altan, Can Okan; Turan, HulyaIn this study, bonito fish (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793) were irradiated at 3 or 5 kGy, packaged, frozen, and stored at -20 +/- 2 degrees C for 12 months. During storage, the microbiological, physical, and chemical changes of the fish flesh were then assessed. Increasing the irradiation dose to 5 kGy provided greater inhibition of mesophilic and psychotropic aerobic bacteria (P < 0.05). Because fewer bacteria were detected in irradiated (3 and 5 kGy) as compared with unirradiated control fish suggests that freezing and irradiation yielded better results when combined. Irradiation at 3 and 5 kGy also positively impacted water activity, total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, trimethylamine, and odor compared with the control group. However, a significant difference was not seen between the 3- and 5-kGy groups in terms of water activity, total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, trimethylamine, and odor results (P > 0.05). Based on these findings, fish irradiated at 3 and 5 kGy remained within consumable limits during 12 months of frozen storage, while the control group was unacceptable after 9 months.Öğe The Effect of Microbial Transglutaminase (MTGase) Enzyme on Physical, Sensorial and Nutritional Properties of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) Meatballs(2023) Altan, Can Okan; Kocatepe, Demet; Ipar, Mehmet Sedat; Corapci, Bengunur; Köstekli, Bayram; Turan, Hülya: In this research, fish balls were produced from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) with the addition of MTGase (0.60%), which is included in the seafood menus of catering companies, hotels, restaurants, and other ready-made food establishments in our country and especially around the world. In order not to risk food safety for such businesses where time and hygiene are very important, nutritional, physical, and sensory analyzes were carried out in fish balls to investigate the adequacy/applicability of the combined effect of short time and low temperature (4±1ºC; 3 hours) for MTGase enzyme activation. After the production and activation processes, the meatballs were baked in the oven at 180 ºC for 20 minutes. While the crude protein and moisture content of MTGase added group (B) was higher than the control (A) group (p<0.05), the energy content of group A was higher than group B (p<0.05). The pH values of groups A and B were determined as 7.40 and 7.32, respectively (p<0.05). It was also revealed that the brightness (L*) value increased with the use of MTGase. MTGase activation of short-term and low temperature combination (3 hours at 4±1ºC) did not show any difference in terms of TPA parameters. In terms of appearance and general acceptability parameters, the scores of group B found higher than group A. In addition to that, odor, texture, spice, onion, and garlic taste variables of group B found more acceptable.Öğe THE NEW GASTRONOMIC PRODUCT: DRIED AND VACUUMED RAINBOW TROUT ROE(Galati Univ Press, 2021) Turan, Hulya; Corapci, Bengunur; Keskin, Irfan; Kostekli, Bayram; Eyuboglu, Asiye; Altan, Can Okan; Kocatepe, DemetIn this study, it was aimed to investigate that the effect of drying process on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) roes in terms of the proximate composition, aw, pH, TVB-N, TBARs, microbiological counts and color parameters. Drying was lasted 42 hours including, 18 hours at 30oC and 24 hours at 45oC. The dried fish roes were vacuum-packed (vacuum degree 0.02MPa) and stored at 4oC for 90th days. The crude lipid, crude protein, crude ash and moisture contents of fresh fish roe was 6.67%, 18.51%, 2,67%, and 71.99%, respectively. No change detected in terms of aw value in vacuum packed dried eggs between the first and 90 days (p 0.05). While the pH value of the fresh roe decreased with pretreatments and drying, TVB-N and TBARs value increased. At the end of the storage period, TVB-N value reached to 42.57mgN / 100g. The total mesophilic aerobe bacteria count of dried roes did not exceed the limit value at the end of the storage period. Total anaerobe mesophilic bacteria, Total Coliform, E. coli, H2S producing bacteria (including S. putrefaciens) and Lactic acid bacteria counts of fresh and vacuumed dried roes were below detectable limit values (<0.30 LogCFU/g). In conclusion, it has been determined that vacuum-packed dried rainbow trout roes can be safely consumed for 60 days at +/- 4 degrees C.
