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Öğe A Study on Diet Composition and Feeding Habits of Sphyraena putnamae Jordan & Seale, 1905 from the Northern Arabian Sea(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2025) Zohra, Kashifa; Yousuf, Farzana; Ahmed, Quratulan; Ali, Qadeer Mohammad; Bilgin, Sabri; Bat, LeventThe food and feeding habits of the Sphyraena putnamae (n=381) ranging from 16 to 99 cm were investigated the Karachi coast, the Northern Arabian Sea, Pakistan. S. putnamae consumed various prey items, which were divided into three categories: teleosts, molluscs, and crustaceans. Molluscs and crustaceans were the second preferred food component rather than teleost. The major constituents of the teleost group on basis of their ascendancy, were identified to be (dorosomatids; sciaenids; leiognathids; platycephalids; engraulids; carangids; bregmacerotids; nemipterids; scombrids; and synodontids). The empty stomach ratio and stomach fullness index did not differ significantly between the sexes and size classes. The stomach fullness index of juvenile barracudas (16-29 cm in length) was significantly higher as compared to adults in the medium (30-55 cm) and large (56-99 cm) size groups. Additionally, an analysis of dietary preferences revealed that small (juvenile) barracudas (16-29 cm) primarily consumed crustaceans, while medium-sized individuals (30-55 cm) preferred mollusks, and large individuals (56-99 cm) favoured teleost. The present study provides detailed information on the feeding ecology of the S. putnamae, for the first time from the Pakistan coast that will be useful for understanding trophodynamics of species developing effective management and conservation measures, ensuring the species' long-term viability.Öğe Heavy Metals in Terapon puta (Cuvier, 1829) from Karachi Coasts, Pakistan(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015) Ahmed, Quratulan; Bat, Levent; Yousuf, FarzanaThis study was carried out to investigate the accumulation of Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Ni in Terapon puta from Karachi Fish Harbor, Pakistan. There were no significant differences in the concentration of the metals except Mn in T. puta, which is obtained from the different seasons. The highest metal concentration is Fe followed by Mn. Cd, Pb, and Ni were measured relatively lower concentrations. The mean (± SD) Fe, Mn, Cd, Ni, and Pb levels in the muscles tissues of T. puta were 25.5±13.71, 6.07±3.58, 0.47±0.29, 0.46±0.27, and 0.43±0.25 mg/kg dry wt., respectively, whereas the mean (± SD) Fe, Mn, Cd, Ni, and Pb levels in the liver tissues of T. puta were 562±105, 18.62±11.86, 1.06±0.47, 1.20±0.53, and 1.01±0.50 mg/kg dry wt., respectively. Cd and Pb levels exceeded the Commission Regulation of European Union maximum limit of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.30 mg/kg, respectively. However, the results of Estimated Weekly Intake and Estimated Daily Intake indicate that the heavy metal levels in the samples are generally within respective recommended guidelines. Thus, it would appear from this study that the heavy metal levels in T. puta from Karachi coasts are low enough not to present a health hazard if the fish are consumed, although due attention should be paid to the maximum acceptable daily intake per kilogram body weight. © 2015 Quratulan Ahmed et al.Öğe Metals levels in Sarda orientalis collected from the commercial landings of Karachi Fish Harbor, Pakistan (northern Arabian Sea) and assessment of likely health risks to the consumers(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Ahmed, Quratulan; Bat, Levent; Oztekin, Aysah; Ali, Qadeer Mohammad; Ghory, Farhana Shafiq; Yousuf, FarzanaAnthropogenic activities are the major source of chemical pollutants including heavy metals in the coastal ecosystem which may accumulate in the aquatic organisms through the food web. Metal contamination in the marine fish pose serious threat to human health. This study deals with the human health risks of metal accumulation from Sarda orientalis consumption. The quantities of heavy metals were investigated in muscle, gills, and liver of striped bonito from the commercial landings of Karachi Fish Harbor, Pakistan (northern Arabian Sea). Risk for human health was evaluated by iron, zinc, manganese, copper, lead, cadmium, estimated daily intake, hazard index, and risk index. The hazard index value is <1, indicating that the estimated exposure is below reference dose for the relevant metals for monsoon, winter, and pre-monsoon. The mean hazard index for iron, zinc, manganese, copper, lead, and cadmium was 1.20 x 10(-2) for consumers. The mean risk index of lead for S. orientalis was 7.39 x 10(-9). As a result, the metals did not exceed the World Health Organization's and the United States Environmental Protection Agency's toxicological reference.Öğe Preliminary Observation on Microplastic Contamination in the Scombridae Species From Coastal Waters of Pakistan(2022) Yousuf, Farzana; Bat, Levent; Öztekin, Ayşah; Alı, Qadeer Mohammad; Ahmed, Quratulan; Shaikh, IqraMicroplastics are one of the major pollution problems nowadays, have been found in both marine environments and various fish species worldwide. In this study, the presence of microplastics in the digestive systems and the gills of 6 species from the Scombridae family on the coast of Karachi in Pakistan was investigated. A total of 336 fish were examined for the presence of microplastic in gills and the digestive systems. Microplastics were detected in digestive systems and gills in 11.11%-19.51% and 58.62%-85.71% of total individuals, respectively. The number of microplastics varied from 0.19 to 1.12 items.ind-1 in digestive system and 1.5 to 7.04 items.ind-1 in gill. Fibre was dominant in both gills (98.67-99.17%) and digestive systems (100%). More extensive and further investigations are needed on microplastic contamination of the biota on the Pakistan coast.
