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    Halopteris scoparia Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance and Their Combination Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Tumor Growth: A Study on Cytotoxicity, Cell Cycle, DNA Fragmentation, Membrane Permeabilization, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis Regulation and IVIS Imaging
    (Springer, 2025) Guner, Adem; Yildirim, Yeliz; Erdokur, Ozgenur; Mehmetoglu, Ayca; Yavasoglu, N. Ulku Karabay
    Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic drug but its ability is restricted by acquired resistance and its toxic effects in normal cells. Brown algae Halopteris scoparia is consumed as a salad and is known to have cytotoxic effects in human cancer cells. The present research was planned to evaluate the chemo-sensitizing potential of H. scoparia aqueous extract with cisplatin in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. We also investigated the cytotoxic, oxidative and genotoxic effects of H. scoparia aqueous extract on lymphocyte-cultured human blood and revealed its fatty acid profiles by GC-FID. Our results showed, via the IVIS imaging system, that a combination of H. scoparia and cisplatin significantly inhibited (98 %) tumor development in mice inoculated with A549-luc2 cells and that these effects were related to increased oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation and lactate dehydrogenase leakage levels, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, decreased cellular antioxidant status as well as upregulations in proapoptotic genes and downregulations in antiapoptotic genes. H. scoparia extract had no cytotoxic, oxidative or genotoxic effects on lymphocytes. The results suggest that the combination regimen could inhibit tumor formation by overcoming the resistance to cisplatin, and H. scoparia can protect normal cells by decreasing the requirement of cisplatin during the chemotherapy.