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    Elevated expression levels of COX-2, IL-8 and VEGF in colon adenocarcinoma
    (C M B Assoc, 2023) Uslukaya, Omer; Yegin, Zeynep; Taskesen, Fatih; Yildirim, Ibrahim Halil
    There is growing evidence of a connection between inflammation and tumor development and NF-kappa B is an important transcription factor in the inflammation pathway. Genetic approaches have proven the role of NF-kappa B responsive genes in tumorigenesis. The NF-kappa B responsive genes products such as IL-8, VEGF and COX-2 are the key components of angiogenesis. MMP-2 and MMP-9 are playing important roles in the disruption of the extracellular matrix that may contribute to the metastasis of tumor cells. This study aimed to investigate gene expression levels of COX-2, IL-8, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in colon tumors. A total of 34 fresh colon carcinoma specimens and paired normal adjacent tissues (NAT) were collected during the surgery and RNA isolations were carried out from specimens. Synthesis of cDNA was carried out from these RNAs with oligo dT18 primers. The transcribed cDNA was used for PCR amplification reactions for the investigated genes with beta-actin being the internal reference via the semi-quantitative RT-PCR method. A statistically significant difference was observed for COX-2, IL-8 and VEGF which were all upregulated in colon tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues (p<0.05). However, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels did not change between tumor and normal tissues (p>0.05). Upregulated expression levels of COX-2, IL-8 and VEGF might occur in the early stages of tumorigenesis and detection of these mRNA levels may be beneficial for early diagnosis and management of colon tumors.
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    Expression of GRP78 and its copartners in HEK293 and pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC-3/PANC-1) exposed to MRI and CT contrast agents
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Azzawri, Ali Ahmed; Yildirim, Ibrahim Halil; Yegin, Zeynep; Dusak, Abdurrahim
    Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated chaperones trigger a defense mechanism called as unfolded protein response (UPR) which can manage apoptosis and be determinative in cell fate. Both anticancer drug effects and potential toxicity effects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) contrast agents were aimed to be evaluated. For this purpose, we investigated expression profiles of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated chaperone molecules in human pancreatic tumor lines BxPC-3 and PANC-1 and control human embryonic kidney cells 293 (HEK293) induced with a variety of gadolinium and iohexol contrast agents. Protein expression levels of ER stress-associated chaperones (master regulator: GRP78/Bip and its copartners: Calnexin, Ero1, PDI, CHOP, IRE1 alpha and PERK) were evaluated with Western blotting. Expression levels at mRNA level were also assessed for GRP78/Bip and CHOP with real-time PCR. Induction of cells was carried out with four different Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs): (Dotarem, Optimark, Primovist and Gadovist) and two different iohexol agents (Omnipol, Omnipaque). CT contrast agents tested in the study did not result in significant ER stress in HEK293 cells. However, they do not seem to have theranostic potential in pancreas cancer through ER pathway. The potential efficiency of macrocyclic MRI contrast agents to provoke apoptosis via ER stress-associated chaperones in BxPC-3 cells lends credibility for their future theranostic use in pancreas cancer as long as undesired toxicity effects were carefully considered. ER stress markers and/or contrast agents seem to have promising potential to be translated into the clinical practice to manage pancreas cancer progression.
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    Radiologist- and Surgeon-Performed Ultrasound (RSUS) Facilitates Minimally İnvasive Parathyroidectomy (MIP): Optimal Biochemical Parameters and Patient Outcomes
    (Mdpi, 2025) Mutlu, Vahit; Yuksek, Mahmut Arif; Pekkolay, Zafer; Yegin, Zeynep; Yildirim, Ibrahim Halil; Uslukaya, Omer
    Background/Objectives: The high success rate of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) is dependent upon the correct preoperative localization of the solitary parathyroid adenoma (SPA). Various studies have focused on comparisons of radiologist-performed ultrasound (RUS) and surgeon-performed ultrasound (SUS) to increase the sensitivity rate of US. However, the efficiency of radiologist- and surgeon-performed ultrasound (RSUS) before MIP has not frequently been reported. We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of RSUS in clinical practice. Methods: In total, 122 patients (107 females, 15 males, mean age: 47.62 +/- 15.75 years) with SPA were enrolled in our study design. The patients underwent preoperative ultrasonography (US) and technetium-99-sestamibi scintigraphy. Patient data including demographic characteristics, levels of biochemical parameters (parathyroid hormone (PTH), total serum calcium and phosphorus levels), operation time, and length of hospital stay were recorded. Results: MIP was performed with success under local anesthesia following the accurate localization of the adenomas by RSUS. The mean operation time was 20.00 +/- 3.87 min. The mean preoperative serum PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels were 525.69 +/- 1050.92 pg/mL, 11.38 +/- 1.22 mg/dL, and 2.53 +/- 0.60 mg/dL, respectively. The decline in the perioperative PTH and calcium levels reflecting a cure was observed on the first postoperative day. Postoperative sixth month evaluations of the PTH and calcium levels confirmed the significant decrease, reflecting the therapeutic cure. Since no complications occurred, the hospital discharge process was carried out on the same day. Conclusions: RSUS is a beneficial adjunctive tool to facilitate MIP, and it achieved satisfactory therapeutic success in all the patients.