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    Öğe
    Damizlik Baliklarin Performans ve Yumurta Kaliteleri Üzerine Karotenoid Içeren Yemlerin Etkisi
    (Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 2008) Yesilayer, Nihat; Karsli, Zafer; Dogan, Gaye; Aral, Orhan
    Damizlik yem formülasyonu hazirlanmasi balik yetistiricilerinin ve yem fabrikalarinin en temel görevlerinden birisidir. Yetistiriciligi yapilan balik türleri için yem yapim teknolojisi, yem karisimina giren maddeler ve yem/yemleme arastirmalari çok önemlidir. Damizliklarin yumurta üretimini etkileyen yem içerigindeki maddelere özellikle yag asidi, vitamin, probiotik, antioksidant ve karotenoidler üzerine arastirmacilar agirlik vermektedir. Dogadaki alabaliklarin kas, deri ve yumurtalarindaki kirmizi-portakal rengi karotenoidlerden kaynaklanmaktadir. Karotenoidler genelde pazara sunulmadan önceki belli bir periyotta balik yemlerine belirli konsantrasyonlarda katilan yemlerle besleme yaparak baliklarin pigmentasyonu için kullanilmaktadir. Karotenoidlerin yumurta rengine göre yumurtanin kalitesini ve yumurta sayisini pozitif yönde etkiledigini ve karotenoid konsantrasyonu ile yumurtadan çikis yüzdesi arasinda pozitif korelasyon oldugunu belirten birçok hipotezin var oldugu bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle derlemede, karotenoid içeren yemlerin damizliklarin yumurta üretimi ve kalitesi üzerine iliskisi incelenerek açikliga kavusturulmaya çalisilmistir
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    Öğe
    Effects of Oleoresin Paprika (Capsicum annum) and Synthetic Carotenoids (Canthaxantin and Astaxanthin) on Pigmentation Levels and Growth in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss W.
    (Medwell Online, 2011) Yesilayer, Nihat; Erdem, Muammer
    The effects of different carotenoid sources on pigmentation of rainbow trout were investigated. The fish (154.35 +/- 24.02 g) were fed with diets containing 50 mg kg(-1) astaxanthin, 70 mg kg(-1) canthaxantin and 765 mg kg(-1) oleoresin paprika and compared with a control group for 60 days. Rainbow trout were captured in fresh water in triplicate groups (25 fish tank(-1)) at water temperature of 14.74 degrees C. There was no significant difference among experiment groups in the average weights, specific growth rates and feed conversion ratios at the end of the experiment Feed supplemented with oleoresin paprika, canthaxantin and astaxanthin caused >6 mg kg(-1) carotenoid concentration in the muscle tissues of the fish. The canthaxantin group (10.07 mg kg(-1)) developed more of an accumulation than rainbow trout fillets in the other groups. L* a* b* values were determined with a Minolta Chroma Meter. While carotenoid concentration in the trout fillet and red intensity (a*) increased proportionally in the fillet, the brightness (L*) decreased. Tristimulus Chrometer a* values ranged between 0.40 and 9.55; b* values from 11.11-22.14 and L* values from 54.40-45.21. Meanwhile, Chroma (C*ab) and Hue (H(ab)(0)) angle values, respectively varied 11.13-2173 and from 87.35-62.43. In the Roche Salmofan (TM) card score, the increase in the feed containing oleoresin paprika, canthaxantin and astaxanthin was proportional to the increase in the fillet. While the increase of pigmentation in the fish fillet depended on the increase of carotenoid concentration in the feed, there was a decrease in the carotenoid retention rate. As observed, there is a direct proportional relationship between the color parameters in the muscle and carotenoid concentrations.
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    Öğe
    The Effects of Different Carotenoid Sources on Skin Pigmentation of Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
    (Israeli Journal Of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 2011) Yesilayer, Nihat; Aral, Orhan; Karsli, Zafer; Oz, Meryem; Karacuha, Ali; Yagci, Feraye
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different carotenoid sources on goldfish (Carassius auratus) skin pigmentation. The value of goldfish depends on the intensity of the skin color. In the red variety of goldfish, an orange-red hue is desirable. Juvenile goldfish were fed one of five diets for five months to determine the effects of carotenoids on skin pigmentation, growth, feed efficiency, and survival: (1) astaxanthin (carophyll pink at 75 mg/kg), (2) canthaxanthin (carophyll red at 75 mg/kg), (3) Gammarus spp. (75 mg/kg), (4) Oleoresin paprika (180 mg/kg), and (5) an unsupplemented control. Growth and feed efficiency did not significantly differ among groups. Initial and final samples of head skin were measured by colorimetric analysis for lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), hue (H-ab(o)), and chroma (C-ab*). The best red color (a* and H-ab(o)) was obtained with the astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and paprika diets.
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    Öğe
    The effects of different proportions of the 17-estradiol and 17-methyltestosterone on growth, sex reversal and skin colouration of the electric blue hap (Sciaenochromis ahli Trewavas, 1935)
    (Wiley, 2016) Karsli, Zafer; Aral, Orhan; Yesilayer, Nihat
    This study was performed to investigate the effects of 17-estradiol (ES) and 17-methyltestosterone (MT) on growth, development, survival, sex ratio and colour change in the electric blue hap (Sciaenochromis ahli Trewavas, 1935). The hormones were not supplemented to the control feed, while six other feeds were prepared by adding 20, 40 and 60mgkg(-1) 17-ES or 20, 40 and 60mgkg(-1) 17-MT to each, resulting in seven different feed treatments. Average live weight of the fish supplemented with these diets was 0.42 +/- 0.04g. At the end of the study, the highest weight gain was observed in fish fed 60mgkg(-1) 17-MT group (2.62 +/- 0.11g) and the difference with the groups fed with 17-ES was found to be significant. All fish fed 17-MT were male, while the rates of feminization in fish fed 17-ES at 20, 40, 60mgkg(-1) were 91.11%, 88.88% and 93.33% respectively. Survival rates were respectively determined as 80%, 95.56%, 84.44%, 93.33%, 77.78%, 84.44% and 84.44% for the control, 20, 40, 60mgkg(-1) 17-ES and 20, 40, 60mgkg(-1) 17-MT treatments. The best colouration was achieved in the 17-MT groups (P<0.05). The L* values varied between 32.98 +/- 4.44 and 61.35 +/- 2.19, a* values between -7.06 +/- 0.22 and -3.42 +/- 0.11, and b* values between -7.74 +/- 0.10 and 11.65 +/- 0.03, while Chroma (C*) and Hue (H degrees(ab)) angle values varied between 7.54 +/- 0.22 and 13.60 +/- 0.01 and between 119.76 +/- 0.05 and 239.73 +/- 4.86. In conclusion, the 17-MT feeding was found to have a greater effect on the growth, feed conversion ratio, masculunization and pigmentation of the electric blue haps than the 17-ES treatment.