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    Halopteris scoparia Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance and Their Combination Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Tumor Growth: A Study on Cytotoxicity, Cell Cycle, DNA Fragmentation, Membrane Permeabilization, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis Regulation and IVIS Imaging
    (Springer, 2025) Guner, Adem; Yildirim, Yeliz; Erdokur, Ozgenur; Mehmetoglu, Ayca; Yavasoglu, N. Ulku Karabay
    Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic drug but its ability is restricted by acquired resistance and its toxic effects in normal cells. Brown algae Halopteris scoparia is consumed as a salad and is known to have cytotoxic effects in human cancer cells. The present research was planned to evaluate the chemo-sensitizing potential of H. scoparia aqueous extract with cisplatin in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. We also investigated the cytotoxic, oxidative and genotoxic effects of H. scoparia aqueous extract on lymphocyte-cultured human blood and revealed its fatty acid profiles by GC-FID. Our results showed, via the IVIS imaging system, that a combination of H. scoparia and cisplatin significantly inhibited (98 %) tumor development in mice inoculated with A549-luc2 cells and that these effects were related to increased oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation and lactate dehydrogenase leakage levels, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, decreased cellular antioxidant status as well as upregulations in proapoptotic genes and downregulations in antiapoptotic genes. H. scoparia extract had no cytotoxic, oxidative or genotoxic effects on lymphocytes. The results suggest that the combination regimen could inhibit tumor formation by overcoming the resistance to cisplatin, and H. scoparia can protect normal cells by decreasing the requirement of cisplatin during the chemotherapy.
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    Oxidative stress-induced apoptotic changes after acute exposure to antifouling agent zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) in Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark (Mediterranean mussels) tissues
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Katalay, Selma; Guner, Adem; Dagdeviren, Melih; Yigitturk, Gurkan; Yavasoglu, Altug; Gunal, A. Caglan; Yavasoglu, N. Ulku Karabay
    Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is one of the components used in antifouling paints and can be an alternative to classical toxic chemicals such as organotin. However, there is still remarkable concern about the environmental safeness of ZnPT due to rapid transchelation and degradation into several metabolites that have their own toxicity. The effect after acute exposure of ZnPT is investigated on Mediterranean mussels exposed to 20 and 40 mu g/L concentrations for 48 and 96 h and antioxidant responses [superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH)], genotoxicity [micronuclei (MN) frequency], apoptotic and histological changes were determined. Severe histological changes in hepatopancreas and gill tissues of mussels were observed in ZnPT exposed groups due to dose-dependent increase. ZnPT also caused a dose-dependent increase of TUNEL-positive cell count in the mussel tissues, especially in the hepatopancreas. Increasing in SOD activities and decreasing in GSH levels in both ZnPT concentrations compared to the control were observed. MN and binuclei numbers in all exposure groups were significantly increased. The results of the present study demonstrate that acute exposure to ZnPT could cause an adverse effect on mussel tissues at especially higher concentrations.
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    Polymeric nanoparticles tryptophan-graft-p(HEMA): a study on synthesis, characterization, and toxicity
    (Springer, 2023) Guler, Cem; Gulcemal, Suleyman; Guner, Adem; Akgol, Sinan; Yavasoglu, N. Ulku Karabay
    Poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate [p(HEMA)] is one of the most widely used polymers in different biomedical applications because it is a biocompatible and a biodegradable material. Tryptophan (Trp) is a biocompatible, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory amino acid. Trp modification contributes to the more effective use of nanoparticles in cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to synthesize polymeric nanoparticles tryptophan-graft-poly(HEMA) [Trp-g-p(HEMA)] and assess characterization and toxicity/biocompatibility potential of it in terms of using a drug carrier. The nanoparticles were synthesized with surfactant-free emulsion polymerization and grafting technique and the grafting efficiency was found as 78.65 +/- 2.48%. The characterization of the nanoparticles was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy, zeta analysis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and swelling test. The nanopolymers had the spectra from 750 to 4000 cm(-1) and characteristic peaks of stretching bands, 164.1 +/- 29.2 nm average size, - 10.2 +/- 8.7 mV surface charge, smooth surface, and nearly spherical shape. The swelling ratios of them were estimated as 79.52 +/- 0.86% in d.w. and 93.33 +/- 2.32% in PBS at 25 degrees C, 35.71 +/- 0.62% in d.w., and 42.86 +/- 0.64% in PBS at 37 degrees C. The nanoparticles did not induce cytotoxicity, oxidative stress generation, and genotoxicity on human healthy lymphocyte cells. Trp-g-p(HEMA) had hemocompatible properties. We found no irritant effect in the HET-CAM test. The acute oral LD50 value of the nanopolymers was > 2000 mg/kg body weight on BALB/c mice. We announce that the polymeric nanoparticles Trp-g-p(HEMA) is a biocompatible material and has potential to use as a drug carrier for oral, intravenous, and ocular administrations.