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    Assessing health risks from metal contamination in Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) along the Black Sea
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2024) Bat, Levent; Yardim, Oztekin; Oztekin, Aysah; Arici, Elif
    This study presents a comprehensive assessment of heavy metal concentrations in anchovy samples collected from the coasts of Samsun and Sinop, Black Sea, with a focus on evaluating potential health risks for three distinct age groups. The mean metals were 0.0039, 0.0131, 0.0189, 0.1271, 3.53, and 2.471 mg/ kg wet wt. for Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe, respectively. The Estimated Daily Index for infants, children, and adults indicated that the potential exposure to heavy metals through anchovy consumption remained well below established safety thresholds, thus confirming the safety of anchovy consumption for all age groups. Furthermore, the health risk analysis, using the Hazard Quotients, showed that the noncarcinogenic health risks associated with heavy metal exposure in the anchovy samples were negligible, with total hazard quotients consistently below 1. This suggests no potential chronic health risks for consumers. Consumption of anchovy does not pose a carcinogenic risk regarding the Carcinogenic Risk Index calculated between 8.39 x10 -8 and 2.33 x10 - 7 for Pb.
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    Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Black Sea coast: Implications for food safety and human health
    (Elsevier, 2023) Bat, Levent; Yardim, Oztekin; Oztekin, Aysah; Arici, Elif
    The present study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) samples collected from the Black Sea coast in 2022. The research involved analysing male and female turbot samples for their potential to accumulate these metals and assessing the associated health risks for different age groups (infants, children, adults). Metal analyses were conducted using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS), and risk assessment was performed using the Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Risk Index (RI) methods. Results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals in both male and female turbots were consistently below the established safety limits set by national and international regulatory authorities. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and THQ values for all metals were found to be well below the corresponding reference doses, indicating no significant noncarcinogenic health risks associated with turbot consumption. Furthermore, the RI values for metals with available Cancer Slope Factors (CSF) were extremely low, suggesting negligible carci-nogenic risk from consuming turbot.
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    Diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates and water quality of Karasu Stream (Black Sea)
    (Ege Univ, Fac Fisheries, 2021) Cil, Eylem Aydemir; Ozbek, Murat; Yardim, Oztekin; Yildiz, Seray; Tasdemir, Ayse; Rasouli, Hamidreza; Gurbuzer, Pinar
    The study was conducted in Karasu Stream (Sinop Province, Black Sea Region of Turkey). The purpose of this study is, to determine the benthic macroinvertebrate composition of the stream, together with some of its environmental characteristics (water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen) to evaluate the trophic level of the stream. Samplings of benthic macroinvertebrates and environmental variables were performed monthly at ten stations between February 2013 and January 2014. As a result, 18260 specimens were investigated and 175 taxa were determined. Chironomidae and Oligochaeta were the higher groups in terms of species richness with 48 and 38 taxa, respectively. The BMWP and ASPT indices indicate that all the stations belong to slightly polluted (Class II) or unpolluted (Class I) water quality levels.
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    Macrobenthic Mollusca and Crustacea fauna of Lake Sarikum (Sinop)
    (Ege Univ, 2008) Yardim, Oztekin; Sendogan, Elif; Bat, Levent; Sezgin, Murat; Culha, Mehmet
    In this study which was carried out between November 2004 and October 2005, samplings were performed to determine the macrobenthic invertebrate fauna of Lake Sarikum in Sinop. The samples were collected from four designated points monthly. The samplings in June, August and September were not carried out because of adverse weather conditions. As a result of the study, totally 26 benthic taxa belonging to Gastropoda (6 taxon), Bivalvia (7 taxon) and Crustacea (13 taxon) were determined. The temperature, salinity, pH and reduction of oxidation values of the research area were measured, and sediment samples were collected in order to fix the structure of the bottoms of the designated points. It was generally observed that most of the taxon identified in the macrobenthic fauna of Lake Sarikum was euryform organisms. As a result of the measurements of organic matters and reduction of oxidation, it was determined that the first designated point is low and the fourth one is high in organic matter quantity.
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    METAL LEVELS IN LARGE SEA TROUT FROM SINOP FISH MARKET
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Bat, Levent; Oztekin, Aysah; Yardim, Oztekin
    This study was performed for the assessment of seven metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Zn and Fe) in sea trout farmed at the Yakakent coast of the Black Sea and sold in Sinop market. Sea trout is a widespread farmed species in rich water resources of Turkey. When the fishing season is closed, sea trout becomes one of the most consumed fish species in Sinop. For the present study, a total of 5 large trout individuals were randomly collected each month during the period between January and June in 2015 from the fish market in Sinop city. Mostly Hg, Cd and As were below the detection limits except in some individuals obtained in May and June. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences among sampling months. This variation is significantly different for the metals (P<0.05). Means of these metals in edible muscles of large sea trout are lower than the maximum permissible limit set by the Turkish Food Codex and EU Regulation limits for fish. The results obtained in this study show that the heavy metal levels in the edible tissues of sea trout were lower than the recommended standards. In conclusion, consumption of sea trout as food bought from the Sinop markets may not be a possible health risk for the local people at the time of the study.
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    Metal levels in Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) and their health risk assessment for consumers
    (Wiley, 2024) Bat, Levent; Yardim, Oztekin; Oztekin, Aysah
    The current study was conducted to determine the residues of Zn, Fe, Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb, and As in the edible tissues of Sander lucioperca. Total of 20 fish individuals collected from Lake Balik, Samsun were analysed by using ICPMS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer). All metal values in the muscle of S. lucioperca were quite low. Fe is the highest concentration (4.07 mg/kg), whereas Cd had the lowest Cd (0.007 mg/kg). Therefore, it can be said that the bioaccumulation of metals in pike-perch did not go over the acceptable limits established for these metals by national and international organisations. The hazard quotients (HQs) for individual elements and the hazard index (HI) were all <1 in S. lucioperca, showing no danger by these chemicals when consumed by infants, children, and adults. The RIs for Pb were between 1.45 x 10(-7) and 4.30 x 10(-7), indicating their insignificant carcinogenic risks, whereas for As these values were between 2.78 x 10(-5) and 1.06 x 10(-4), indicating their tolerable or acceptable carcinogenic risks.