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    Composition, abundance and biomass of mesozooplankton in the southwestern Black Sea along the coast of neada, Turkey
    (Springer, 2019) Ustun, Funda; Bat, Levent; Sahin, Fatih
    The qualitative and quantitative structure of mesozooplankton assemblages in the southwestern Black Sea region along the coast of neada, Krklareli Province were assessed and described. The study was conducted on 22 November 2012, 17 May 2013, 13 July 2013 and 4 October 2013. Samples were collected from nine stations using a plankton net via vertical boat hauls. In total, 30mesozooplankton taxa were identified. The mean mesozooplankton abundance values ranged from 3890.84 +/- 2250.04 to 13643.40 +/- 1660.55 individuals (ind.) m(-3), whereas the biomass values ranged from 26.91 +/- 5.4 to 95.76 +/- 29.31mgm(-3). The most abundant taxa were Oithona davisae (2871.20 +/- 436.24 ind. m(-3) in November 2012 and 1310.83 +/- 157.222 ind. m(-3) in October 2013), Copepoda nauplii (4007.08 +/- 3513.07 ind. m(-3) in May 2013) and Bivalvia larvae (11118.41 +/- 4798.74 ind. m(-3) in July 2013). The taxa with the highest biomass were Parasagitta setosa (7.43 +/- 2.32mgm(-3) in November 2012 and 33.52 +/- 9.45mgm(-3) in October 2013), Polychaeta larvae (20.87 +/- 9.63mgm(-3) in May 2013) and Bivalvia larvae (55.59 +/- 23.99mgm(-3) in July 2013). Abundance and biomass of the species/groups of mesozooplankton are presented as mean +/- standard error of the mean (SEM). There were no significant differences among the seasons and stations for either total abundance or biomass; however, there was a significant monthly variation in the mesozooplankton assemblages. Changes in the abundance and biomass of mesozooplankton were dependent on the physical environment.
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    EFFECTS OF SOME HEAVY METALS ON THE SIZES OF THE MEDITERRANEAN MUSSEL Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Bat, Levent; Ustun, Funda; Baki, Oylum Gokkurt; Sahin, Fatih
    In the present study, several experiments were designed to evaluate the acute (96-h) and chronic (28-d) toxicity of copper, lead and zinc in seawater on the survival of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The toxicity of these metals to mussels was evaluated by static and semistatic bioassays, calculating the LC50 values (lethality concentrations for 50%) for different sizes of mussels. Survival decreased with increasing concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn but the survival in seawater with dissolved Cu, Pb and Zn was higher in the presence of sediment than without sediment.
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    First Report of the Occurrence of Oithona Davisae Ferrari FD&Orsi, 1984 (Copepoda: Oithonidae) in the Southern Black Sea, Turkey
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2016) Ustun, Funda; Kurt, Tuba Terbiyik
    We report the first occurrence of Oithona davisae Ferrari F.D.&Orsi, 1984 in the Sinop coast, Turkey. Data on the abundance and biomass of this species, and the proportion of adult and copepodite stages in the total copepods were investigated. The zooplankton samples were collected monthly by vertical hauls with plankton net of 112 mu m mesh size from January to December 2009. However, O. davisae was observed for the first time in September, and continued to be observed for the remainder of the sampling period. The highest abundance and biomass of this species were recorded in November 2009 (1485.35 ind.m(-3) and 2.9 mg.m(-3), respectively), which was 39.89% in the abundance and 14.35% of the biomass of the total copepods in November. In conclusion, the non-indigenous copepod species, O. davisae, has adapted to the ecological conditions of the Sinop coast.
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    Ichthyoplankton Assemblages from the Coasts of Hamsilos Nature Park, Sinop, Southern Black Sea: Biodiversity, Abundance, and Relationships with Environmental Variables
    (Mdpi, 2024) Uygun, Orcin; Ustun, Funda
    This study was conducted using monthly data collected between July 2015 and June 2016 in the marine area of Hamsilos Nature Park, located in Sinop, Southern Black Sea. The primary objectives were to determine the diversity of ichthyoplankton assemblages, examine seasonal variations, assess spatial differences between the inner and outer parts of Hamsilos Bay, and highlight the ecological relationships of the predominant species with environmental factors. The comprehensive collection during the study resulted in a mean abundance of 2217 eggs.10 m2 and 2743 larvae.10 m2, with 28 species belonging to 21 families identified. Specifically, Engraulis encrasicolus is the most abundant in spring and summer, Gaidropsarus mediterraneus is the most abundant in autumn, and Sprattus sprattus is the most abundant in winter. A temporal analysis revealed the highest abundances in August, September, and July, with the lowest in April, May, and February. Significant seasonal differences in abundance and diversity were detected. No spatial differences were found between the inner and outer areas of Hamsilos Bay. Small pelagic species dominated the ichthyoplankton community, while demersal species, though diverse, were less abundant. According to the results of the DistLM analysis, the structure of the ichthyoplankton community is influenced by temperature and salinity. During the study, the water temperature ranged from 8.35 degrees C in February to 25.50 degrees C in August, and the salinity varied from 17.67 psu in September to 19.04 psu in May.
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    Microplastic Contamination of the Seawater in the Hamsilos Bay of the Southern Black Sea
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Oztekin, Aysah; Ustun, Funda; Bat, Levent; Tabak, Ahmet
    The marine ecosystem is severely threatened by microplastics. The entire marine environment of the Black Sea is contaminated with both macro- and microplastics but the contamination of the water column with this pollutant has received less attention. This study aims to obtain data on the microplastic abundance, and vertical and temporal distribution of the microplastics in the water column of Hamsilos Bay which is a natural protected area, and an important area for fishery and tourism on the Sinop coast in the Black Sea. This study was carried out for 12 months in 7 stations. Microplastic abundance varied among 5.58 +/- 6.12-8.12 +/- 9.17 pieces/m3 in and 1.74 +/- 0.80-21.07 +/- 3.84 pieces/m3 in stations. The dominant microplastics were fibre by shape (73.92%), 1-2 mm (28.35%) by size class, and blue (37.98%) by colour. The synthetic polymers in the examined microplastic samples of this study were PET (47%), PE (34%), HDPE (10%), PVC (7%) and PS (2%). The results of this study show that the coastal area is widely contaminated with microplastics. Microplastic pollution is an increasingly significant environmental issue that poses a threat to the Black Sea which is particularly vulnerable to microplastic pollution. The region is an important ecological hotspot in the Black Sea and this study can provide valuable insights into the extent of microplastic pollution and will contribute to the literature on the evaluation of microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems. These types of investigations; efforts to address the environmental challenges facing the Black Sea, including the development of programs to reduce pollution, increase sustainability, and support the protection of the region's natural resources, are crucial to its continuity.
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    Report on some monstrilloids (Crustacea: Copepoda) from Turkey with description of two new species
    (Cahiers De Biologie Marine, 2018) Suarez-Morales, Eduardo; Ustun, Funda
    Monstrilloid copepods collected during zooplankton surveys carried out in Turkish coastal waters of the southern Black Sea were examined. A total of 3 species were found, of which two are undescribed, one of Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888 and one of Monstrillopsis Sars, 1921. The new species are described, illustrated and compared herein with their congeners. The new Cymbasoma belongs to a small group of species with the fifth leg exopodal lobe bearing two long outer setae and a minute inner seta; it can be distinguished by the shape of the genital somite and the asymmetry of the fifth leg endopodal lobes. The new Monstrillopsis is unique in having an unfused distal spine on the distal segment of the male antennule and paired processes at the base of the genital lappets. We also recorded the presumably widespread Monstrilla grandis Giesbrecht, 1893. The male specimen examined has some remarkable characters, particularly in the swimming legs 1-4, including a reduced, modified inner seta on the second segment of both first leg endopodal rami. Also, the inner seta of the first endopodal segment of legs 1-3 is absent and is present only on leg 4. Males of this species are less common than females; its intraspecific morphological variability compared with previous illustrated reports. The addition of the new species here described brings the number of nominal species of Monstrilloida in the Mediterranean-Black Sea region to 28.
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    Seasonal cycle of zooplankton abundance and biomass in Hamsilos Bay, Sinop, Southern Black Sea, Turkey
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Ustun, Funda
    In this investigation, zooplankton was studied between July 2015 and June 2016 in Hamsilos Bay to examine spatial and temporal variations in abundance, biomass and taxonomic composition. The recorded mean zooplankton abundance and biomass were 3770.35 ind. m(-3) and 25.06 mg m(-3) in the inner station, 3928.11 ind. m(-3) and 28.19 mg m(-3) in the middle station and 3948.22 ind. m(-3) and 28.74 mg m(-3) in the outer station, respectively. The high abundance and biomass values observed in September 2015 were attributed to Oithona davisae (4575 ind. m(-3) at the inner station) and Penilia avirostris (33.4 mg m(-3) at the outer station), respectively. Copepoda was the most abundant during the entire period of the survey. In terms of abundance and biomass, Copepoda was followed by meroplankton and Cladocera. Most species within the zooplankton community exhibited evident seasonality throughout the year in Hamsilos Bay. This was particularly apparent for O. davisae, Centropages ponticus, Cladocera and meroplankton, which were abundant in summer-autumn, and for Pseudocalanus elongatus, which was more abundant during winter and spring. It has been determined that O. davisae, which is a non-indigenous cyclopoid copepod species of the Black Sea, has successfully inhabited southern Black Sea and has established a permanent population in this area.
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    Seasonal Distribution of Gelatinous Macrozooplankton in the Hamsilos Bay, Southern Black Sea, Turkey
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2019) Ustun, Funda; Birinci Ozdemir, Zekiye
    The present study describes the abundance and biomass distribution of gelatinous macrozooplankton in relation to physical parameters in Hamsilos Bay. Gelatinous macmzooplankton samples were collected monthly from four stations between July 2015 and June 2016 using a plankton net with a 112 mu m mesh size and a 50 cm diameter mouth opening by vertical hauls. Four gelatinous macrozooplankton species were identified: Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus, 1758); Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865: Beroe ovata Bruguiere, 1789; and, Pleurobrachia pileus (O.F. Muller. 1776). The maximum mean abundance of gelatinous macrozooplankton was recorded in August 2015 (24.58 ind. m(-2)), whereas the maximum mean biomass was recorded in April 2016 (147.79 g m(-2)) from four sampling stations. The abundance and biomass of gelatinous macrozooplankton increased in the summer and spring. M. leidyi and P. pileus were primarily responsible for the increase in total gelatinous macrozooplankton abundance in the summer, whereas A. aurita and B. ovata were primarily responsible for the increase in total abundance in the spring and autumn. The abundance and biomass of M. leidyi were positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen.
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    Seasonal variation and taxonomic composition of mesozooplankton in the southern Black Sea (off Sinop) between 2005 and 2009
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2018) Ustun, Funda; Bat, Levent; Mutlu, Erhan
    The monthly and long-term fluctuations of mesozooplankton abundance, biomass, and taxonomic composition in the Sinop inner harbor (southern Black Sea) between 2005 and 2009 are presented in the present study. In total, 31 mesozooplankton taxa were identified during the study. The recorded average mesozooplankton abundance and biomass were 34,323 +/- 7580 ind. m(-2) and 1208 +/- 460 mg m(-2) in 2005, 95,063 +/- 31,434 ind m(-2) and 1787 +/- 604 mg m(-2) in 2006, 97,626 +/- 12,141 ind m(-2 )and 1034 +/- 20 mg m(-2) in 2007, 91,918 +/- 10,476 ind m(-2) and 775 +/- 121 mg m(-2) in 2008, and 146,918 +/- 19,671 ind m(-2) and 1955 +/- 437 mg m(-2) in 2009, respectively. The highest abundance values of mesozooplankton were encountered in March 2006 (299,110 ind m(-2)) with the contribution of Copepoda nauplii (167,000 ind m(-2)) particularly. Meanwhile, the mesozooplankton biomass was highest in October 2005 (5852 mg m(-2)), due to Parasagitta setosa (3695 mg m(-2)). The heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans was a major component of plankton samples in the Sinop region, presenting its highest values in April 2005. Mesozooplankton abundance values showed significant differences (except 2007-2009 and 2008-2009) during the 5-year sampling period. Since the middle of 2006, an increase in abundance, biomass, and biodiversity of mesozooplankton has been detected. Many mesozooplanktonic species/groups showed seasonality in the study (especially Cladocera species). This seasonality was determined to be based on temperature changes.
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    The Establishment of the Non-indigenous Cyclopoid Copepod Oithona davisae in Hamsilos Bay-Sinop, Southern Black Sea, Turkey
    (Istanbul Univ Press, Fac Aquatic Sciences, 2024) Ustun, Funda; Kurt, Tuba Terbiyik; Hasancavusoglu, Zeynep
    Hamsilos Bay, which is located within the first-degree natural protection area, is one of the most important regions on the southern Black Sea coast. Moreover, many fish species utilize this area for breeding and rearing activities. Small copepod Oithona davisae has been encountered in the Black Sea for two decades and spread rapidly the overall Black Sea, and become an important component in the pelagic ecosystem of the Black Sea. In this respect, the present study aims to characterize the distribution and abundance of Oithona davisae in Hamsilos Bay about environmental variables. Zooplankton samples were collected monthly from seven stations from July 2015 to June 2016 by using a plankton net with a mesh size of 112 mu m and a diameter mouth opening of 50 cm. O. davisae was observed during the whole sampling period and was the dominant species from July 2015 to December 2015. The highest mean abundance of this species was recorded in September 2015 (3533.33 ind. m-3). However, the lowest mean abundance was observed between January 2016 (170.68 ind. m-3) and May 2016 (0.24 ind. m-3). Copepodites 5-4 were predominant in the O. davisae population in all months and all stations. Adult copepods and their copepodites 5-4 were more abundant between July 2015 and December 2015, whereas the abundance of copepodites 3-1 was maximum between September 2015 and December 2015. The abundance of O. davisae was highly correlated with chlorophyll-alpha and physiochemical variables (temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity). In conclusion, this species, which is known to be distributed only in the autumn conditions in close areas, extended its temporal distribution and prevailed in the copepod communities during warmer periods. This could be attributed to the acclimatization success of this species in Hamsilos Bay ecosystems.
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    The qualitative and quantitative distribution in phytoplankton and zooplankton of southern Black Sea of cape Sinop, Turkey in 1999-2000
    (Ieee, 2007) Bat, Levent; Sahin, Fatih; Ustun, Funda; Kideys, Ahmet E.; Satilmis, Hasan H.
    In the present study, seasonality and composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton were comparatively studied at two stations (one inshore and one offshore) off Sinop, in southern Black Sea during January-May 1999 and March -October 2000. A total 76 genera including 149 species and varieties were identified, of which 46% were dinoflagellates and 34% were diatoms in phytoplankton. Abundance of the genera Emiliana (in January-May 1999), Pseudosolenia and Ceratium (in March-October 2000) were higher than that of the other genera in almost every sampling period. Increased dinoflagellate to diatom ratio reflects more fertile conditions in the southern Black Sea. Abundance and biomass of the total fodder zooplankton the highest values were recorded in February 1999; March 2000. Cladocera and Appendicularia abundance and biomass values were higher in 1999 than 2000. Noctiluca scintillans was the most abundant of zooplankton group with a share of 43% (maximum: 416,925 ind.m(-2) in May) in 1999. The second abundant group was Copepoda with 42% (172,981 ind.m(-2) in February).Copepods with 78% of abundance and 73% of biomass (maximum: 372,330 ind.m(-2) and 15,253 mg.m(-2) in March) were the dominant group in 2000. They were followed by the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans with 4.8% (maximum: 24,500 ind.m(-2) in June).
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    Vulnerability of copepod eggs in salinity and temperature gradients of the Marmara and Black Seas
    (Inter-Research, 2010) Svetlichny, Leonid; Hubareva, Elena; Belmonte, Genuario; Isinibilir, Melek; Ustun, Funda; Yilmaz, I. Noyan; Toklu-Alicli, Benin
    Mass density, sinking speed and hatching success of eggs in Calanus euxinus, Acartia clausi and A. tonsa have been examined in response to salinity and temperature of the Marmara and Black Seas. Eggs of C. euxinus from the Marmara and Black Sea populations (mean mass density of 1.036 to 1.040 g cm(-3)) laid in brackish (18 to 22 psu) upper layers of the Marmara Sea could sink to high-saline (similar to 38.5 psu) deep layers during embryonic development. Gradual salinity increase from 22 to 38.5 psu in laboratory experiments reduced egg hatching success in C. euxinus from the Marmara Sea from 97 +/- 4 to 47 +/- 11% (means +/- SD) while all eggs of the Black Sea C. euxinus did not hatch. Mean mass density of eggs in A. tonsa and A. clausi amounted to 1.062 and 1.044 g cm(-3), respectively. Eggs of A. tonsa with higher mass density and longer development time than those of A. clausi could descend to high salinity strata in the Marmara Sea, or to a cold intermediate layer in the Black Sea. On the contrary, sinking depth of eggs of A. clausi should not exceed 30 m both in the Black and Marmara Seas, as this increases predator pressure. Hatching success in A. tonsa eggs laid at 18 psu decreased from 77.7 +/- 18.5% at 20 degrees C to 46.7 +/- 21.5% at 7 degrees C, and reduced to 10.2 +/- 4.7% at 7 degrees C and 39 psu. Egg hatching success in A. clausi from the Black Sea did not depend upon temperature, whilst it decreased dramatically from 80 to 90% to 3.3 to 10% after salinity increase from 18 to 38 psu.
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    ZOOPLANKTON OF THE SOUTHERN BLACK SEA
    (Turkish Marine Research Foundation-Tudav, 2017) Isinibilir, Melek; Yilmaz, I. Noyan; Ustun, Funda
    [No abstract available]