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    Psychotic disorders among immigrants from Turkey in Western Europe: An overview of incidences, prevalence estimates, and admission rates
    (Turkiye Sinir Ve Ruh Sagligi Dernegi, 2012) Binbay, Tolga; Ulas, Halis; Alptekin, Koksal; Elbi, Hayriye
    Objective: To provide an overview of incidence and prevalence estimates, admission rates, and related features of psychotic disorders among immigrants from Turkey in Western Europe. Method: Articles published in all languages between 1990 and 2010 were included. In order to detect relevant studies, a string ([schizo* OR psych] AND [Turk*] AND [migra* OR immigra*]) was used in MEDLINE and PsychINFO. Turkish indexes and abstracts books of national congresses were also screened to locate additional papers. Results: We included 21 studies which yielded 25 rates on psychotic disorders among immigrants from Turkey. Fifteen papers reported rates for the immigrants from Turkey in The Netherlands, four for Germany, one for Denmark and one for Switzerland. The incidence estimates of non-affective and affective psychosis among immigrants from Turkey were between 38.5 and 44.9 per 100,000 while incidence estimates of schizophrenia were between 12.4 and 63.8 per 100,000. The prevalence estimates of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were between 1.1 and 6.2 per 1,000. Rates and relative risks of psychotic disorders in immigrants from Turkey tended to be higher than the natives and lower than other immigrant groups with similar sociocultural background. In addition to other risk factors, social contextual factors including discrimination and neighbourhood characteristics were the key environmental factors that modulate rates of psychotic disorders among immigrants from Turkey. Males were under a higher risk of incidence, prevalence estimates, and admission rates. Conclusion: Variations in rates and relative risks indicate a possible etiological role of social experiences in immigrants. Studies with a focus on comparing the rates and the social factors of psychotic disorders between immigrants from Turkey in Western Europe and their family members residing in Turkey may provide additional insight into the epidemiology of psychotic disorders.
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    The psychosis epidemiology in Turkey: A systematic review on prevalence estimates and admission rates
    (Turkiye Sinir Ve Ruh Sagligi Dernegi, 2011) Binbay, Tolga; Ulas, Halis; Elbi, Hayriye; Alptekin, Koksal
    Objective: To provide prevalence estimate, admission rates and related features of psychotic disorders in Turkey. Method: Studies with data on prevalence and/or rates in outpatient or inpatient admissions after 1990 were included. Strings of ([schizo*OR psych*] AND Turkey) were used in PubMed and PsychINFO to detect relevant studies. Turkish Medical and Psychiatry indexes were screened with Turkish keywords. Abstract books of national congresses, national index of thesis, and references of the included papers were searched for additional data. Results were presented as prevalence per 1000 and median values of admission rates. Results: A total of 56 studies were included, including 8 cross-sectional (4 core and 4 special group), 27 outpatient and 21 inpatient admission estimates or rates. The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in general population (pooled data, n: 6022) was 8.9 per 1000 (Standard error [SE]: 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.6-11.3). Psychosis prevalence is higher in subgroups including university students, prisoners and homeless people. Patients with a diagnosis of psychotic disorder constituted 7.6% and 26.9% of adult outpatient and inpatient psychiatry admissions. However, median rates vary depending on institutional, regional, temporal and residential features. Male gender was at higher risk in all kinds of estimates and rates for all age groups. Conclusion: Prevalence of schizophrenia in Turkey is higher than the formerly reported estimates in different countries. Higher prevalence may be a consequence of sample properties, environmental risk exposures, and study design. However more research is needed to further elaborate the relatively higher prevalence. Nevertheless, a major part of the psychiatry services are devoted to psychotic outpatients and inpatients.