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Öğe BIRDS OF THE BLACK SEA(Turkish Marine Research Foundation-Tudav, 2017) Gursoy Ergen, Arzu; Sonmez, Evrim[No abstract available]Öğe Effect of Nostalgist BL® on Biology of Acanthoscelides obtectus' (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2022) Sonmez, EvrimAcanthoscelides obtectus, which is a pest of stored products, completes its larval development in legumes. It is among economically important species in our country since it reduces the germination value and nutritional value of seeds. As a result of understanding the effects of entomopathogenic fungi on pests in recent years, researchers have also focused on fungi in fighting pests. These fungi, which are sold as bioinsecticides in the market, are generally preferred by producers who want to engage in organic or environmentally sensitive agriculture. Although there are a large number of sources in literature on the mortality rates of Beauveria bassiana's A. obtectus, studies on the effects on the biology of the pest, the number of eggs it lays and the number of adults emerging from beans after the application are limited. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of Beauveria bassiana (Nostalgist BL (R)) on the mortality rates of A. obtectus adults, the number of eggs they lay and the number and percentages of adults emerging from bean seeds were evaluated with dipping and spraying method. It was found that as the concentration of B. bassiana, which was applied at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% increased, the mortality rates on the adults of the pest increased and the number of eggs they laid and the number of adults emerging from bean seeds decreased. It can be said that different doses of B. bassiana are quite effective on the mortality rates ofA. obtectus adults, the number of eggs they lay, and especially the number of adults emerged from beans.Öğe Effects of cold exposure on Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupal period, proportion of adult emergence, weight and deformation percentage(Entomologica Fennica, 2019) Sonmez, Evrim; Koc, YesimLow temperatures affect many life history traits of insects. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of duration of cold exposure on the length of Tenebrio molitor's pupal period, proportion of adult emergence, adult weight and proportion of deformed adults. The trials were conducted in a laboratory in constant conditions with wheat flour and whole-wheat flour meal were used as food. Cold-exposed groups were achieved by exposing pupae taken on the first day after pupation for 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days at +4 degrees C. The results showed that as the period of cold increased, pupal period extended and proportion of deformed adults increased whereas there were no or less straightforward effects on adult weights and proportion of emerged adults, respectively.Öğe Effects of cold storage on the developmental biology of Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) at different larval stages(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2021) Sonmez, EvrimBeing able to store insects at low temperature is important in the mass breeding of insects for commercial purposes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cold storage on pupal and adult weight, adult emergence time and proportion and adult deformation proportion of different weight Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae. This study was conducted between 2018-2019 in the Biology Laboratory of Science Teaching Department, Sinop University. Trials were performed at 27 +/- 2 and 4 degrees C, 65 +/- 5% RH and continuous darkness. After the larvae began to form, they were weighed and divided into three groups according to their weight. They were exposed to 4 degrees C for 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 d in separate Petri dishes. With increased cold storage time, the proportion of deformation increased and the proportion of adult emergence decreased. Adult weight, pupal weight and longevity depended on both larval weight and cold exposure time. In conclusion, it is recommended that mass producers or researchers pay attention to the size of the larvae and the cold exposure times to obtain the best quality product and high production efficiency.Öğe Impact of maternal age on performance of the progeny in Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2021) Koc, Yesim; Sonmez, EvrimMaternal age is the age of an insect at the time of depositing an egg and is an important factor impacting on the properties of the progeny. This study determined the influence of maternal age on the preadult total development time, larval development time, pupal development time, pupal weight and adult longevity of Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). This study was conducted in 2018 in the Biology Laboratory of Science Teaching, Sinop University. The insects were grouped into four groups (1, 5, 10 and 15 d-old) and they were kept under laboratory conditions (28 +/- 2 degrees C and 65 +/- 5% RH and continuous darkness). Larval development time, total preadult development time and longevity decreased with maternal age whereas pupal development time increased. Although the development time of the progeny of younger females lasted longer, total longevity increased. Although, the progeny of younger females had increased longevity, progeny of older females was advantaged in terms of development time.Öğe The Effect of Four Plant Extracts on Life Expectancy, the Number of Eggs Laid and the Reproductive Physiology of Acanthoscelides obtectus and Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2021) Sonmez, EvrimThis study evaluated the mortality rates of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), laurel (Laurus nobilis) and walnut (Juglans regia) extracts on Acanthoscelides obtectus and Callosobruchus maculatus adults and also longevity, the number of eggs laid and the number of adults hatching from these eggs. The plant extracts with the highest mortality on the first day in the contact effect trials were J. regia (86.66%) in A. obtectus, J. regia (33.33%) and T. vulgaris (18.33%) in C. maculatus. In the repellent effect trials, T. vulgaris (80.00%) in A. obtectus and L. nobilis (96.66%) in C. maculatus were detected in the group aerated for 1 hour. In contact effect trials, the shortest longevity was L. nobilis (12.87 days) in A. obtectus, while J. regia (6.00 days) was found in C. maculatus. The number of eggs laid and the number of adults emerged were determined at least in J. regia in both insect species. On the other hand, in the repellent effect trials the shortest longevity in A. obtectus was determined in T. vulgaris, the number of eggs laid and the number of adults emerged from the eggs were the lowest in T. vulgaris and L. nobilis in 1 hour aerated group. In C. maculatus, the shortest longevity was found in L. nobilis, the lowest number of eggs laid in T. vulgaris and L. nobilis, and the number of adults emerged from eggs in T. vulgaris, E. globulus and L. nobilis. According to the results, in addition to the toxic effects of these plants, it was found that all plant extracts had an inhibitory effect on egg laying and the number of adults hatching from these eggs was much lower than the control group. It can be argued that in addition to their insecticidal effects on insects, the plant extracts used also affect ovulation physiology and reduce adult emergence.Öğe The Effect of Seasons on Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Total Oxidant Capacity (TOC) and OSI (Oxidative Stress Index) Levels in Free-Living Blackbirds (Turdus merula) in Nature(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2023) Sonmez, Evrim; Gursoy-Ergen, Arzu; Ozsemir, A. Cemal; Cenesiz, Sena; Cenesiz, Metin; Salt-Gokceoglu, AyrisThe oxidative stress level of organisms is one of the best indicators of whether they are healthy or not. The increase in oxidative stress level in the cell can affect the longevity of the organism as well as cause some immune diseases. In this study, wing, tail, tarsus lengths, weights, muscle and fat scores, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Total Oxidant Capacity (TOC) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) levels of Blackbirds living in Sinop, Sarikum Nature Protection Area were examined during all four seasons. A total of 55 Blackbirds were caught in autumn, winter, spring and summer. The highest weight was detected in females and males in autumn, and the lowest in summer. Although there was no statistical difference between the wing and tail lengths, they were slightly higher in the Spring. Total antioxidant levels were highest in both sexes in spring. TAC levels were statistically different only in males, and OSI levels in both sex. The season with the highest OSI levels for both sexes is autumn. This situation was closely related to seasonal conditions and whether they were in the breeding period or not. This study shows that total antioxdant levels and oxidative stress index can easily change in Blackbirds.Öğe THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SEASONAL CHANGES ON EURASIAN BLACKBIRDS (TURDUS MERULA) PLASMA T3 (TRIIODOTHYRONINE) AND T4 (THYROXINE) HORMONES(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Sonmez, Evrim; Gursoy-Ergen, Arzu; Ozsemir, Arif Cemal; Cenesiz, Sena; Cenesizs, MetinThis study was conducted in order to determine the effects of seasonal and daily temperatures on the levels of plasma thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) of Eurasian Blackbird (Turdus merula) among the different seasons. During the field studies carried out in Sarikum Sinop between 2017-2018, 48 T. merula were caught with mist nets, ringed and blood samples were taken for hormone analysis. It was found that thyroid hormone levels were affected by seasonal temperatures as a result of hormone analysis. According to our results plasma T3 and T4 hormone concentrations were changed in both morning and afternoon groups in autumn, winter, spring and summer seasons, and this situation was closely related to the reproductive period or moulting of T. merula while that seasonal varying temperatures affect the amount of these hormones. The dramatic temperature differences both seasonally and during the day were important factors in changing hormone levels.
