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    Effect of Bentonite's Different Rates to Ammonium Removal in Aquatic Conditions
    (Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 2018) Sahin, Dilek; Sertasi, Eda; Öz, Meryem; Öz, Ünal; Karsli, Zafer; Aral, Orhan
    Ammonia has a high toxic effect for all living forms. When exposed to in low quantities, it can be tolareted by the living forms. Compared with clay minerals, bentonite has a high usability due to its high adsorption capacity and low cost. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of two different amount of bentonite on the ammonium adsorption in freshwater at 17±1°C. In this research two trial groups with 3 repetitions were created for two different bentonite rate. Experimental groups were prepared by adding 2 liter of water and NH4Cl to each bottle to give an NH4+ amount of 10 mg/l. After that, two amounts of bentonite (7 g/l, 14 g/l) were added to the bottles. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and TAN (Total Ammonium Nitrogen) values were determined during the trial period. At the end of trial NH3 values were calculated as 0.461±0.01 mg/l and 0.463±0.01 mg/l in different amount of bentonite groups (7 g/l, 14 g/l), respectively. There were difference in TAN values between the experimental groups (p<0.05). As a result in this study, it has been determined that the amount of 14 g/l bentonite is the ideal amount for ammonium removal in aquaculture.
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    Öğe
    Effectiveness of conditioned natural adsorbents for ammonia removal from aquaculture
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Sertasi, Eda; Oz, Meryem; Sahin, Dilek; Oz, Unal
    This study aims to evaluate the potential use of clinoptilolite-type zeolite, leonardite, and diatomite, which have abundant reserves in T & uuml;rkiye and can be mined more easily and economically compared to other mines, as water parameters regulators. The trial was conducted in seven groups in triplicate. The groups were assigned as the control (C), natural zeolite (NZ), natural leonardite (NL), natural diatomite (ND), conditioned zeolite (CZ), conditioned leonardite (CL), and conditioned diatomite (CD). The trial was initiated by adding 2 g of natural and conditioned zeolite, leonardite, and diatomite to their respective groups, excluding the control inside 500 ml tap water. Water parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and NH4+) were measured daily for 14 days. In this study, as of the 4th day of the experiment, a decrease was observed in ammonia values originating from the feed in the groups treated with adsorbent compared to the control group. When all adsorbent groups were evaluated together, the ammonia values in the groups containing natural leonardite and conditioned leonardite remained at the recommended values for aquaculture throughout the experiment period (14 days). As a result of the study, it was concluded that leonardite (1.66 +/- 0.001) and zeolite (0.71 +/- 0.03) (4 g/l) could be used effectively in ammonia removal for aquaculture practices. The current study is one of the first studies to investigate the effect of natural adsorbents on ammonia removal and pH. Furthermore, it is the first study to demonstrate a reduction in fish feed-derived ammonia values compared to the unconditioned (natural) forms of conditioned diatomite and leonardite, based on a literature review.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Evaluation of Natural Minerals (Zeolite and Bentonite) for Nitrogen Compounds Adsorption in Different Water Temperatures Suitable for Aquaculture
    (Scipress Ltd, 2018) Sahin, Dilek; Oz, Meryem; Sertasi, Eda; Oz, Unal; Karsli, Zafer; Aral, Orhan
    In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of zeolite and bentonite on the ammonium adsorption at different temperatures. In this research three trial groups with 3 repetitions were created for three different water temperatures (18 +/- 0.1 degrees C, 24 +/- 0.0 degrees C, 27 +/- 0.0 degrees C). Experimental groups were prepared by adding NH4+ amount of 10.5 mg/l in 2 liters of water. After that, zeolite, zeolite+bentonite and bentonite were added into the bottles as 10 gram per liter. Water temperature, pH and TAN (Total Ammonium Nitrogen) values were determined during the trial period. At the end of trial TAN values at 27 degrees C were recorded as 10.103 +/- 0.11 mg/l, 9.227 +/- 0.13 mg/l and 7.933 +/- 0.17 mg/l in zeolite, zeolite+bentonite and bentonite groups, respectively. At the end of trial TAN values at 24 degrees C were recorded as 10.027 +/- 0.17 mg/l, 9.282 +/- 0.15 mg/l and 8.336 +/- 0.15 mg/l in zeolite, zeolite+bentonite and bentonite groups, respectively. At the end of trial TAN values at 18 degrees C were recorded as 9.012 +/- 0.28 mg/l, 7.702 +/- 0.14 mg/l and 6.594 +/- 0.14 mg/l in zeolite, zeolite+bentonite and bentonite groups, respectively. Maximum ammonium removal capacity, q(e), was found to be 0.50 mg/g in the bentonite (18 degrees C). The TAN values determined at 18 degrees C were statistically more significant (p<0.05) than the TAN values obtained at 24 degrees C and 27 degrees C.