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Öğe A comparative study on mechanical and ballistic performance of functionally graded Al6061 composites reinforced with B4C, SiC, and Al2O3(Elsevier, 2023) Karabulut, Sener; Karakoc, Halil; Bilgin, Musa; Canpolat, Hakan; Krolczyk, Grzegorz M.; Sarikaya, MuratIn the present study, functionally graded Al6061 composites reinforced with boron carbide (B4C), silicon carbide (SiC), and alumina (Al2O3) were prepared using the stir and centrifugal casting techniques. Arc-shaped functionally graded metal (FGM) specimens were treated with a hot-rolling process to enhance their mechanical properties and obtain laminated plates. Then, the impacts of ceramic reinforcements on the density, microhardness, tensile strength, and ballistic resistance of FGMs were studied. Moreover, the microstructural properties of the specimens were analyzed to elucidate the particle gradient from the inner to the outer surface. As a result, the microstructure observations revealed that the ceramic particles are dispersed from the inner to the outer periphery of the FGMs with centrifugal acceleration. A more homogeneous particle distribution was obtained in B4C-reinforced FGM compared to those of SiC and Al2O3. The hot-rolled FGM specimen reinforced with B4C offered the lowest density. The microhardness was improved by 32% and 30.4% in the inner to outer regions of the SiC-and Al2O3-reinforced FGMs, respectively, while it was improved by 22.6% in B4C-reinforced FGM. On the other hand, the tensile strength and elongation of the B4C-reinforced FGM specimen were better than those of the SiC-and Al2O3-reinforced FGMs. In addition, the highest ballistic protection was achieved with B4C-reinforced laminated FGM at an impact speed of 664.25 m/s with a penetration depth of 14 mm, while the impact speeds of SiC-and Al2O3-reinforced FGMs were 500.88 and 435.23 m/s, respectively.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Öğe A comparative study on the tribological behavior of mono&proportional hybrid nanofluids for sustainable turning of AISI 420 hardened steel with cermet tools(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Yildirim, Cagri Vakkas; Sirin, Senol; Kivak, Turgay; Sarikaya, MuratThe current study examines the influence of various mono and proportional hybrid nanofluids prepared with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), alumina (Al2O3) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) on the performance of cermet tools in turning of AISI 420 hardened steel. First, mono-nanofluids were prepared using each nanoparticle separately (i.e., Al2O3, MWCNT and MoS2). Afterward, hybrid nanofluids were prepared at three different nanoparticle mixture ratios i.e., particle A:particle B of 1:1 (50 vol% + 50 vol%), particle A:particle B of 1:2 (33.34 vol% + 66.66 vol%), particle A:particle B of 2:1 (66.66 vol% + 33.34 vol%) in a constant volume concentration of 0.6%. Prepared nanofluids (nine different hybrid nanofluids and three different mono nanofluids) were cooperated with the MQL system and their effects on the machinability characteristics such as surface roughness, surface topography, temperature, tool flank wear, and wear mechanisms were investigated. The results were compared with dry and base-fluid MQL assisted cutting results. The surface roughness was decreased by 41.54%, 37.38% and 30.62% through Al2O3:MoS2 (2:1), Al2O3:MoS2 (1:2) and Al2O3:MoS2 (1:1) hybrid nanofluids compared to base fluid, respectively. It was found that different ratios of one more than nanoparticles have a significant effect on the synergistic effect. Based on the all experimental results, it can be concluded that it is necessary to optimize the nanoparticle ratios used in the preparation of hybrid nanofluids.Öğe A holistic research based on RSM and ANN for improving drilling outcomes in Al-Si-Cu-Mg (C355) alloy(Elsevier, 2025) Bayraktar, Senol; Alparslan, Cem; Salihoglu, Nurten; Sarikaya, MuratThe unique properties of Al-Si-based alloys make them suitable for components that demand structural integrity and wear resistance. This study was conducted to investigate the microstructure, mechanical, and drilling properties of a commercial alloy belonging to the Al-Si casting alloy group and containing approximately 4.5-5.5% Si (Al-5Si-1Cu-Mg). Drilling experiments were conducted with an 8 mm uncoated HSS (High-Speed Steel) drill across a range of cutting speeds (V) and feed rates (f) while maintaining a consistent depth of cut (DoC) parameters. Microstructural analysis using optical microscopy and SEM identified key phases within the alloy, including alpha-Al, eutectic Si, beta-Fe (beta-Al5FeSi), and pi-Fe (pi-Al8Mg3FeSi6) inter-metallics. Statistical analyses of the effects of V and f on thrust force (Fz), surface roughness (Ra), and torque (Mz) were performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA results highlighted the significance of both V and f on the measured outputs, with optimal performance observed at a V of 125 m/min and f of 0.05 mm/rev (confidence level: 95%, P < 0.05). Additionally, predictive models based on RSM and ANN were developed for Fz, Ra, and Mz.Öğe A review on aluminum alloys produced by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM): Applications, benefits, challenges and future trends(Elsevier, 2024) Sarikaya, Murat; Onler, Dilara Basil; Dagli, Salih; Hartomacioglu, Selim; Gunay, Mustafa; Krolczyk, Grzegorz M.Metal additive manufacturing is advancing with increasing momentum and attracting great attention. The Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process, one of the metal additive manufacturing methods, involves melting a filler wire with an electric arc and depositing metal droplets layer by layer along the planned path. Aluminum alloys produced by the WAAM process have been in high demand in the industry, especially in the last decade. The WAAM process stands out as a suitable method for many industries due to its low investment cost, high deposition rates and the advantages of creating relatively complex parts. Key application areas of aluminum alloys produced using WAAM include aerospace, automotive, marine, and energy sectors, where lightweight structures, corrosion resistance, and high strength are critical. Much research has been done and innovative applications, including hybrid systems, have been developed to prevent defects such as residual stresses, cracks, porosity and delamination. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the use of the WAAM process in aluminum alloys over the past decade. In the article, firstly, aluminum alloys, the WAAM technique and its types are introduced. In the following section, the methods used to improve mechanical properties and optimize the microstructure are examined in detail. In the next section, the difficulties encountered when using aluminum alloys in WAAM applications are discussed in detail. In the discussion section, current developments are evaluated, and in the last section, suggestions for future studies and inferences obtained from this study are presented. As a result, WAAM-CMT and hybrid systems were found to be effective in reducing defects such as porosity, distortion and residual stress. In addition, post-processing heat treatments and surface treatment methods are also crucial for improving mechanical properties. Finally, more research is needed in the areas of 7xxx series alloys, repair applications and environmental sustainability.Öğe A state-of-the-art review on sensors and signal processing systems in mechanical machining processes(Springer London Ltd, 2021) Kuntoglu, Mustafa; Salur, Emin; Gupta, Munish Kumar; Sarikaya, Murat; Pimenov, Danil YuSensors are the main equipment of the data-based enterprises for diagnosis of the health of system. Offering time- or frequency-dependent systemic information provides prognosis with the help of early-warning system using intelligent signal processing systems. Therefore, a chain of data-based information improves the efficiency especially focusing on the determination of remaining useful life of a machine or tool. A broad utilization of sensors in machining processes and artificial intelligence-supported data analysis and signal processing systems are prominent technological tools in the way of Industry 4.0. Therefore, this paper outlines the state of the art of the mentioned systems encountered in the open literature. As a result, existing studies using sensor systems including signal processing facilities in machining processes provide important contribution for error minimization and productivity maximization. However, there is a need for improved adaptive control systems for faster convergence and physical intervention in case of possible problems and failures. On the other hand, sensor fusion is an innovative new technology that makes decisions using multi-sensor information to determine tool status and predict system stability. It is currently not a fully accepted and practiced method. In a nutshell, despite their numerous advantages in terms of efficiency, time saving, and cost, the current situation of sensors used in the industry is not a sufficient level due to the investment cost and its increase with additional signal acquisition hardware and software equipment. Therefore, more studies that can contribute to the literature are needed.Öğe A state-of-the-art review on tool wear and surface integrity characteristics in machining of superalloys(Elsevier, 2021) Sarikaya, Murat; Gupta, Munish Kumar; Tomaz, Italo; Pimenov, Danil Yu; Kuntoglu, Mustafa; Khanna, Navneet; Yildirim, Cagri VakkasToday, superalloys (also known as hard-to-cut materials) such as nickel, titanium and cobalt based cover a wide range of areas in engineering applications. At the same time, challenging material properties namely high strength and low thermal conductivity cause low quality in terms of cutting tool life and surface integrity of the machined part. It is important to improve the machinability of this type of materials by applying various methods in the perspective of sustainability. Therefore, current study presents surface integrity, tool wear characteristics and initiatives to improve them during the machining of superalloys. In this manner, it is outlined the surface integrity characteristics containing surface defects, surface roughness, microstructure alterations and mechanical properties. Also, tool wear mechanisms for example abrasive, adhesive, oxidation, diffusion and plastic deformation are investigated in the light of literature review. Finally, possible improvement options for tool wear and surface integrity depend on machining parameters, tool modifications, cooling methods and trade-off strategies are highlighted. The paper can be a guide for the researchers and manufacturers in the area of sustainable machining of hard-to-cut materials as explaining the latest trends and requirements. (C) 2021 CIRP.Öğe A study on the influence of thermally assisted novel hybrid methods on the drilling behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Karabulut, Sener; Bilgin, Musa; Karakoc, Halil; Khanna, Navneet; Sarikaya, MuratThe paper focuses on the drilling behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy under dry, MQL, hot (also expressed as heat-assisted machining), and hybrid (hot+MQL) environments. The surface roughness and morphologies, power consumption, drilling force, microhardness, and microstructural behavior using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis were studied. As a result, the lowest roughness value was obtained in the MQL, followed by dry, hot and hybrid drilling environments. Based on SEM investigation on machined surfaces, the defects i.e., smearing, chip debris and side flow were found to be the main causes of poor surface quality, especially under hot and hybrid -assisted drilling environments. According to the Euler color distribution, the hot working affected the machined surface up to the bulk material with a length of 98 mu m. The hot drilling process led to the recrystallization of the grain structure, and the distribution, sizes, and characteristics of the phases were affected by the temperatures. A partially recrystallized grain structure was observed in the IPF maps of the hybrid drilling environment at a distance of 10 mu m from the machined surface. The crystal orientation of machined Ti6Al4V under hybrid-assisted environment was very similar to dry machined crystal orientation indicating stability in the microstructure.Öğe An attempt towards green machining of Ni-based Hastelloy C4 alloy: Effect of vegetable oils and their combination with TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles on outputs(Elsevier, 2023) Yildirim, Cagri Vakkas; Sirin, Senol; Kivak, Turgay; Ercan, Hamdi; Sarikaya, MuratThe importance of nickel-based superalloys has increased day by day due to their use in special applications. However, the difficulties in the machinability of these alloys bring some concerns about parts quality and efficiency. Although researchers have tried ways (such as the use of high-performance cutting fluids) to overcome these challenges, their sustainability is still controversial. Therefore, this experimental research aims to contribute to the sustainable machining of nickel-based superalloys. In this regard, the present study investigates the effectiveness of vegetable-based fluids (sunflower, olive, hazelnut, and corn oils) and nanofluids (SiO2 + sunflower oil, SiO2 + olive oil, SiO2 + hazelnut oil, SiO2 + corn oil, TiO2 + sunflower oil, TiO2 + olive oil, TiO2 + hazelnut oil, and TiO2 + corn oil) during the machining of Ni-based Hastelloy C4 alloy. The study was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, all cutting fluids' pH and thermal conductivity values were measured. In the second stage, machinability tests were conducted under the prepared cutting fluids. Later, friction-wear tests of the cutting fluids that offered the best performance in the previous stage were done. As a result, the pH change was significantly increased with the addition of nanoparticles (TiO2 and SiO2) to corn oil. TiO2 nanoparticles allowed further improvement of thermal conductivity. Compared to dry machining, improvements of 58.57%, 34.88%, 53.18%, and 36.1% in surface roughness, cutting temperature, tool wear, and power consumption were achieved with corn oil+TiO2 nanofluid, respectively. It was determined that adhesion, BUE, BUL, and chipping were dominant damage types. Also, an adhesive is the dominant wear mechanism.Öğe An experimental investigation on machining-induced surface/subsurface characteristics of nickel based Inc-718 alloy: A novel hybrid approach in milling process(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Bilgin, Musa; Karabulut, Sener; Karakoc, Halil; Kayir, Yunus; Sarikaya, MuratNickel-based superalloy Inc-718 has become an indispensable alloy in critical sectors, especially in the aerospace industry, thanks to its unique characteristics. However, some properties of the alloy (especially low thermal conductivity and hot hardness) cause difficulties in its machinability. For this reason, comprehensive studies to improve the machinability of Inc-718 alloy by considering the microstructural properties are guiding. In this context, the present study uses various methods to increase the machinability efficiency of Inc-718, while also investigating their effect on microstructural properties. Firstly, the effect of the pre-heating process (hot), pureMQL (PMQL), nanofluid-MQL (NMQL), and hybrid methods (hot+PMQL and hot-NMQL) on the surface roughness, cutting forces, tool wear, vibration, and temperature was investigated while milling Inc-718 surfaces. Then the utilization of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) facilitated a comprehensive examination of microstructural behavior, with a specific focus on Euler-colored maps and phase distribution maps, providing valuable insights into the material's behavior under distinct milling conditions. As a result, hot+PMQL, hot+SiCNMQL, and hot+Al2O3-NMQL provided an important contribution to the improvement of machinability characteristics. Also, it was seen that in EBSD analysis, a limited area is affected by heat in the hot machining environment. The crystal orientations of the pre-heated and hybrid machined Inc-718 alloy are highly similar to that of the dry-machined alloy. This similarity indicates that the removal of the heated layer from the workpiece during the milling process contributes to the preservation of the microstructure.Öğe Analysis of cutting parameters and cooling/lubrication methods for sustainable machining in turning of Haynes 25 superalloy(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Sarikaya, Murat; Yilmaz, Volkan; Gullu, AbdulkadirWhile the use of cutting oils in machining operations facilitate material removal, the use of these oils are questioned based on the risks they pose for operator health and the environment. As an alternative to the excessive use of cutting oils, the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) method aims to reduce the use of cutting fluids as a step in achieving clean, environmentally friendly, and sustainable manufacturing. In this study, the machinability of cobalt-based Haynes 25 superalloy, which is a difficult-to-machine alloy used in strategic applications, was investigated under three separate-cutting methods (dry, conventional cooling and lubrication, and minimum quantity lubrication). The experiments were conducted on a CNC turning machine using uncoated carbide cutting tools using four separate cutting speeds (15 m/min, 30 m/min, 45 m/min, and 60 m/min), three separate feed, rates (0.08 mm/rev, 0.12 mm/rev and 0.16 mm/rev), and a fixed depth of cut value (1 mm). To determine the relationships among machining parameters and outputs, tool wear (VN) and surface roughness (R-a) values were measured. Additionally, the wear mechanisms acting on the cutting inserts were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Following the conclusion of experiments, the Taguchi's signal to noise ratio (S/N) analysis was used to establish the optimal set of cutting parameters. In conclusion, when the MQL method was employed in conjunction with high pressure, the amount of oil used was reduced while the machinability of the material was improved. Tests conducted under all three methods of cutting revealed poor surface roughness at low cutting speeds, and high tool wear at high cutting speeds. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Analytical Modeling Methods in Machining: A State of the Art on Application, Recent Challenges, and Future Trends(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Korkmaz, Mehmet Erdi; Gupta, Munish Kumar; Sarikaya, Murat; Gunay, Mustafa; Boy, Mehmet; Yasar, Nafiz; Demirsoz, RecepInformation technology applications are crucial to the proper utilization of manufacturing equipment in the new industrial age, i.e., Industry 4.0. There are certain fundamental conditions that users must meet to adapt the manufacturing processes to Industry 4.0. For this, as in the past, there is a major need for modeling and simulation tools in this industrial age. In the creation of industry-driven predictive models for machining processes, substantial progress has recently been made. This paper includes a comprehensive review of predictive performance models for machining (particularly analytical models), as well as a list of existing models' strengths and drawbacks. It contains a review of available modeling tools, as well as their usability and/or limits in the monitoring of industrial machining operations. The goal of process models is to forecast principal variables such as stress, strain, force, and temperature. These factors, however, should be connected to performance outcomes, i.e., product quality and manufacturing efficiency, to be valuable to the industry (dimensional accuracy, surface quality, surface integrity, tool life, energy consumption, etc.). Industry adoption of cutting models depends on a model's ability to make this connection and predict the performance of process outputs. Therefore, this review article organizes and summarizes a variety of critical research themes connected to well-established analytical models for machining processes.Öğe Application of Environmentally-friendly Cooling/Lubrication Strategies for Turning Magnesium/SiC MMCs(Springer, 2021) Khanna, Navneet; Shah, Prassan; Suri, Narendra Mohan; Agrawal, Chetan; Khatkar, Sandeep K.; Pusavec, Franci; Sarikaya, MuratThe material having high strength to weight ratio is constantly in high demand for automotive industries to increase fuel efficiency. With this view, AZ91/5SiC (an Mg-based Particulate Metal Matrix Composites (PMMCs)) is fabricated using an in-house developed stir casting setup and characterized through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. However, the machinability of PMMCs is found to be lower due to the existence of harder ceramic constituents and appropriate cutting fluid strategies are required to follow to combat this situation. But limited studies are available identifying the impact of recently developed sustainable cooling and lubrication techniques on machining performance when PMMCs is turned. To fill this bridge, customized setups of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), cryogenic and CryoMQL machining with LN(2)have been developed to provide eco-friendly cutting fluid approaches to turn AZ91/5SiC. The cutting force, energy consumption, surface roughness (R-a) and chip breakability index (C-in) have been analyzed for MQL, cryogenic and CryoMQL techniques with variation in process parameters. By considering the average value of all turning tests, 64.65% and 40.39%; and 11.49% and 7.13% higher value of cutting force and energy consumption is found correspondingly for cryogenic and CryoMQL machining respectively as compared to MQL technique respectively. Overall, 25.59% and 18.35% lower values ofR(a)have been observed for CryoMQL technique as compared with MQL and cryogenic machining respectively. The powder type chips with comparable higher values ofC(in)have been found in all three cooling and lubrication techniques.Öğe Assessing the cooling/lubricating agencies for sustainable alternatives during machining of Nimonic 80: Economic and environmental impacts(Cell Press, 2024) Makhesana, Mayur A.; Vesuwala, Harsh; Patel, Kaushik M.; Vafadar, Ana; Sarikaya, Murat; Khanna, NavneetDeveloping sustainable manufacturing methods that balance environmental and economic aspects is challenging. A comprehensive analysis of the economics of machining and carbon emissions is essential to encourage adopting sustainable practices. This work presents the machinability and comparative sustainability analysis of Nimonic 80 superalloy when it is machined utilizing a novel, environmentally friendly vegetable oil-based hybrid nanofluidminimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) technique. The main objective is to comprehend the efficacy of the proposed approach on tool life, surface roughness, power consumption, total machining costs, and carbon emissions. Compared to other machining conditions, the use of hybrid nanofluid-MQL under 100 m/min cutting speed prevented rapid flank wear and considerably increased tool life by about 17-59 %. The change in cutting speed from 100 to 150 m/min has resulted in reduced tool life about 13-42 % under the selected environments. In addition, when compared to dry, flood, and MQL machining, the use of hybrid nanofluid-MQL and LCO2 reduced surface roughness by around 16-45 % at 150 m/min. Sustainability analysis revealed that machining at 150 m/min resulted in decreased costs ranging from 6.1 % to 36.4 % for selected cutting environments. Applying hybrid nanofluid-MQL lowered carbon emissions by 16.83 %, whereas LCO2 reduced carbon emissions by 14.6 % at 100 m/min. At 150 m/min, hybrid nanofluid-MQL and LCO2 lowered carbon emission by 22.3 % and 21.5 % at 150 m/min compared to dry machining. Compared to alternative cutting environments, hybrid nanofluid-MQL and LCO2 applications have longer tool lives, lower machining costs, and carbon emissions. As a result, they are economical and environmentally friendly.Öğe Characterization, generative design, and fabrication of a carbon fiber-reinforced industrial robot gripper via additive manufacturing(Elsevier, 2024) Hartomacioglu, Selim; Kaya, Ersin; Eker, Beril; Dagli, Salih; Sarikaya, MuratRobot grippers are crucial components across various industrial applications, requiring special design and production for obtaining the optimal performance. Conventional plastic injection moulding techniques fall short in achieving the specificity needed for these grippers. To address this challenge, current paper focuses on developing a robot gripper using carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide with a next-generation composite filament and employing the innovative Generative Design technique. In the work, we began by characterizing and optimizing the composite material specifications. Then, the tensile strength and fracture mechanics of standard samples based on printing parameters, applying Taguchi experimental design for optimization were evaluated. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for factor analysis to fine-tune the process. Using the Generative Design technique, we determined optimal geometries, which were then fabricated through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). As a result, the optimization efforts led to significant improvements i.e., tensile strength increased from 103.2 to 116 MPa, and the elasticity modulus from 8386 to 8990 MPa. In practical industrial applications, we achieved a reduction in material weight from 14 to 4 g, lowered production costs from $5.16 to $1.50, and cut production time from 58 to 28 min. This study presents a validated method for developing industrial products with reduced material usage and costs, promoting sustainable production practices.Öğe Comparative environmental impact assessment of additive-subtractive manufacturing processes for Inconel 625: A life cycle analysis(Elsevier, 2023) Maheshwari, Pratham; Khanna, Navneet; Hegab, Hussien; Singh, Gurminder; Sarikaya, MuratThis paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to compare the environmental impacts of additive-subtractive manufacturing processes for Inconel 625. The LCA follows a cradle-to-gate methodology and employs the Eco-chain Mobius Software, in accordance with ISO 14044 standards. The chosen LCA model enables industries to develop sustainable production techniques by evaluating 18 environmental variables' potential effects on human health, ecosystems, and resource availability. The LCA adopts the midpoint(H) approach from ReCiPe 2016 to comprehensively assess the environmental impacts. In the first case study, a plate is created using the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) method, followed by post-processing through drilling in both wet and dry environments. The dry condition results in a remarkable 24.23% reduction in environmental impact when the LCA is applied to the entire process, making it the most sustainable choice. In the second case study, a hollow cylinder is manufactured using the WAAM technique, and post-processing is conducted using turning processes under cryogenic, dry, and electrostatic minimum quantity lubrication (EMQL) conditions. The dry environment yields a 16.4% lower impact on the environment, establishing it as the most sustainable choice. Overall, the results from both case studies demonstrate that utilizing WAAM technology in a dry environment leads to the most sustainable manufacturing procedure for Inconel 625. This comparative analysis provides valuable insights to support the development of environmentally friendly production techniques in the manufacturing industry.Öğe Comparison of Tool Wear, Surface Morphology, Specific Cutting Energy and Cutting Temperature in Machining of Titanium Alloys Under Hybrid and Green Cooling Strategies(Korean Soc Precision Eng, 2023) Gupta, Munish Kumar; Nieslony, P.; Korkmaz, Mehmet Erdi; Kuntoglu, Mustafa; Krolczyk, G. M.; Guenay, Mustafa; Sarikaya, MuratCutting energy must be reduced in order to make machining processes more eco-friendly. More energy was expended for the same amount of material removed, hence a higher specific cutting energy (SCE) implies inefficient material removal. Usually, the type of coolants or lubricants affects the SCE, or the amount of energy needed to cut a given volume of material. Therefore, the present work deals with a study of SCE in the turning of Ti-3Al-2.5V alloy under green cooling strategies. In spite of this, the research effort is also focused on the mechanism of tool wear, surface roughness, and cutting temperature under hybrid cooling, i.e., minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cryogenic. The tool wear rate, were explored with tool mapping analysis, and the results were compared with dry, MQL, and liquid nitrogen (LN2) conditions. The tool wear rate analysis claims that the dry condition causes more built up edge (BUE) formation. In addition, the hybrid cooling conditions are helpful in reducing the SCE while machining titanium alloys.Öğe Comprehensive analysis of cutting temperature, tool wear, surface integrity and tribological properties in sustainable milling of Ti6Al4V alloy: LN2, nanofluid and hybrid machining(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Sirin, Emine; Yildirim, Cagri Vakkas; Sirin, Senol; Kivak, Turgay; Sarikaya, MuratDespite being expensive and difficult to process, the Ti6Al4V alloy is a vital component for crucial industries. To improve its machinability and accomplish sustainable production, environmentally friendly cooling and lubricating agencies are used. Studies on the machinability of the alloy are still necessary because of its unique features and significance in vital industries like aerospace, defense, and medicine. Therefore, this investigation focuses on tool wear, temperature, and surface integrity for sustainable milling Ti6Al4V under various machining environments, i.e., dry, pure-MQL, LN2, 2 , hBN, CuO-doped nanofluids, and hybrid methods. The produced nanofluids' thermophysical and rheological characteristics were examined in the study's initial phase. Because of the results from the first stage, machining performance indicators were assessed in the subsequent milling experiments. As a result, CuO-doped nanofluids gave improved results in terms of viscosity and pH. The best results obtained in the LN2 2 + CuO hybrid cooling lubrication environment in important machinability outcomes such as tool wear and surface integrity were attributed to the rheological properties of CuO-doped nanofluid and its harmonious cooperation with LN2-cryogenic 2-cryogenic cooling.Öğe Comprehensive analysis of tool wear, tool life, surface roughness, costing and carbon emissions in turning Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy: Cryogenic versus wet machining(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Agrawal, Chetan; Wadhwa, Jwalant; Pitroda, Anjali; Pruncu, Catalin Iulian; Sarikaya, Murat; Khanna, NavneetCryogenic machining has emerged as a sustainable technique that reflects in terms of reduced environmental effects, superior part quality, and lesser resource consumption. However, further exploration of machinability and sustainability improvements using this technique will help the manufacturing industry to adopt it as an alternative to conventional techniques. In this government-supported work, the machinability of Ti-6Al-4V is assessed at five different cutting speeds (70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 m/min) under wet and cryogenic environments. This article presents a detailed analysis of tool wear (flank and crater wear), power consumption, and surface roughness to seek improvements in machinability of Ti-6Al-4V using cryogenic turning in comparison to wet turning. To investigate the sustainability aspects of cryogenic and wet turning, results are also analyzed in terms of total machining cost and carbon emissions that remain relatively less explored in literature. The results show higher crater wear under a wet environment relative to the cryogenic environment at most of the cutting speeds. However, tool life is improved (by up to 125%) using cryogenic turning in comparison to wet turning exclusively at higher cutting speeds (100 and 110 m/min). Reduced power consumption (by up to 23.4%) and surface roughness (by up to 22.1%) are obtained using cryogenic turning than wet turning at all cutting speeds. It is noted that machining cost is reduced (by up to 27%) using cryogenic turning in comparison to wet turning, especially at higher cutting speeds. Cryogenic turning is proved to be better in terms of environmental aspects as it enables a reduction in overall carbon emissions (by up to 22%) at higher cutting speeds.Öğe Cooling techniques to improve the machinability and sustainability of light-weight alloys: A state-of-the-art review(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Sarikaya, Murat; Gupta, Munish Kumar; Tomaz, Italo; Danish, Mohd; Mia, Mozammel; Rubaiee, Saeed; Jamil, MohdA well-acknowledged role of cutting fluids in any cutting operation has made them inevitable to utilize regarding the provision of adequate cooling and lubrication. Mineral-based cutting fluids are common practice in the industry; however, they are not suitable for our ecology and health. Therefore, there is a need to implement sustainable cooling/lubrication system that helps the environment and improves the machinability of light weight alloys. This review is presenting the machining and sustainability characteristics of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), nanofluids-MQL, Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube MQL (RHVT + MQL), cryogenic-MQL as alternative to flood cooling applications in the cutting of light-weight materials. It can be stated that MQL advancements can offer clear guidelines to implement hybrid cooling techniques to improve heat transfer, lubrication, and sustainable implementations.Öğe Cutting forces and temperature measurements in cryogenic assisted turning of AA2024-T351 alloy: An experimentally validated simulation approach(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Gupta, Munish Kumar; Korkmaz, Mehmet Erdi; Sarikaya, Murat; Krolczyk, Grzegorz M.; Gunay, Mustafa; Wojciechowski, SzymonAluminium alloys are widely used in modern engineering applications such as automobile, aerospace etc because of its characteristics. The machining of aluminium alloys are also considered as difficult because of its sticky and soft nature, low thermal conductivity, strain hardening effect etc. The cooling conditions employed at cutting zone improved the machining performance but the resources, material consumption, skilled labor etc. are also required for performing the machining experiments. Therefore, the simulation of process parameters with the help of Finite Element Modelling (FEM) during machining is highly researched topic these days. In this work, a new practice from measurement science i.e., FEM simulation was performed with AdvantEdge software and the prediction models were developed for evaluating the cutting forces and cutting temperature while machining AA2024-T351 alloy under dry, liquid nitrogen (LN2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) conditions. Initially, the 3D turning model was developed and the results were compared with experimental findings. The results obtained from simulation model are very close with experimental results with minimum standard value of 0.67 (5.7%) for cutting forces and 4.58 (6.16%) for cutting temperature. Thus, it is worthy to mention that the 3D FE model is efficient and effective to predict and measurement results with minimum error.
