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Öğe Comparative evaluation of natural water conditioners for their potential use in freshwater aquaculture(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Sahin, DilekIn this study, the use of natural adsorbents, such as zeolite (clinoptilolite), leonardite, and duckweed (Lemna minor, L. 1753) was investigated for the regulation of optimum water qualities in freshwater aquaculture. The study was carried out in 3 experiments in triplicate. In the first experiment, aquarium fish feed (35% protein) was used as the ammonia source at 3 different rates (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g feed per 500 mL of tap water). In the second experiment, clinoptilolite (C) and leonardite (L) mixture (C:L = 1:2) were added to balance excessive ammonia. In the third experiment, duckweed (1.5 g/500 mL) was added to aquaria (10 cm in diameter) in a way to cover the surface area, and the ammonium adsorption of duckweed at low NH4+-N concentrations was determined with 9 measurements. In this study, NH3 values reached their peaks (0.19 mg/L) at the end of 1st experiment, in which ammonia values originating from the unconsumed feed were determined. In the 2nd experiment, NH3 values began to decline (0.06 mg/L) with the addition of natural adsorbents (zeolite + leonardite) and were decreased to 0.003 mg/L with the addition of duckweed in experiment III, where natural adsorbents started to reach saturation. When the data obtained at the end of this study were evaluated, it was determined that all 3 natural materials had a positive effect on water parameters in aquaculture systems. As a result, it was determined that in high concentrations of zeolite + leonardite mixture and in low concentration of duckweed there had been a good removal efficiency.Öğe Effect of Bentonite's Different Rates to Ammonium Removal in Aquatic Conditions(Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 2018) Sahin, Dilek; Sertasi, Eda; Öz, Meryem; Öz, Ünal; Karsli, Zafer; Aral, OrhanAmmonia has a high toxic effect for all living forms. When exposed to in low quantities, it can be tolareted by the living forms. Compared with clay minerals, bentonite has a high usability due to its high adsorption capacity and low cost. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of two different amount of bentonite on the ammonium adsorption in freshwater at 17±1°C. In this research two trial groups with 3 repetitions were created for two different bentonite rate. Experimental groups were prepared by adding 2 liter of water and NH4Cl to each bottle to give an NH4+ amount of 10 mg/l. After that, two amounts of bentonite (7 g/l, 14 g/l) were added to the bottles. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and TAN (Total Ammonium Nitrogen) values were determined during the trial period. At the end of trial NH3 values were calculated as 0.461±0.01 mg/l and 0.463±0.01 mg/l in different amount of bentonite groups (7 g/l, 14 g/l), respectively. There were difference in TAN values between the experimental groups (p<0.05). As a result in this study, it has been determined that the amount of 14 g/l bentonite is the ideal amount for ammonium removal in aquaculture.Öğe EFFECT OF FROZEN WHITE WORM (Enchytraeus sp.) ON GROWTH OF PLATY (Xiphophorus maculatus Günther, 1866)(Istanbul Üniversitesi, 2017) Sahin, Dilek; Öz, Meryem; Karsli, Zafer; Aral, Orhan; Bahtiyar, MehmetIn this study, for the first time, effects of live food on platy (Xiphophorusmaculatus Günther, 1866), wereinvestigated by using frozen white worm (Enchytraeus sp.). Aquarium fish used in this study were fry with an averageweight of 0.177-0.180 ±0.005 g in different groups. In the experiment, 135 fry Xiphophorusmaculatus were used. Fish weights were determined, and they laterwere put as 15 individual in aquariums in order to breed with three differentexperimental feed treatments (frozen white worm,frozen white worm combined with traditional aquarium fish feed and traditionalaquarium fish feed). Water temperature was determined as 23.7 ±0.05°C in during of experiment. The fish were fed withthree diet to satiation twice daily (09:00, 15:00) in during two months. In the end of the experiment average final weight was determined 0.257 ±0.01 g, 0.258 ±0.01 g and 0.211 ±0.01 g, fedon with frozen white worm, frozen white worm combined with aquarium fish feedand aquarium fish feed groups, respectively and therewere significant differences between T2 (frozen white worm+combined withaquarium traditional fish feed) and T3 (aquarium traditional fish feed) groupsof average final weight (p?0.05).Öğe EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES ON THE GROWTH OF KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) FRY(Istanbul Üniversitesi, 2017) Öz, Meryem; Aral, Orhan; Sahin, Dilek; Erik, HaticeThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding frequencies on the growth of koi carp. Juvenile (weight: 0.015 ±0.001 g) koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) were fed two, three, and five times per day with a ration comprising “granule fish feed” equivalent to 18% of their body weight during the entire experimental period of 60 days.At the end of the experiment, the mean weight and the mean weight gain were 0.474 ±0.060, 0.494 ±0.090, 0.579 ±0.050 g; 0.459 ±0.055, 0.479±0.089, 0.564 ±0.046 g for the fish fed two, three, and five times per day, respectively. Feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and survival rate were found to be 2.43 ±0.070, 2.89 ±0.340, 2.55 ±0.070, 5.73 ±0.190, 5.77 ±0.300, 6.04 ±0.090, 0.89 ±0.02, 0.75 ±0.09; 0.81 ±0.02; 70 ±11.5, 70 ±5.77, and 66.66 ±3.33; respectively. No significant differences were observed among the fish groups fed with different frequencies in terms of weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and survival rate (p>0.05).Öğe Evaluation of Natural Minerals (Zeolite and Bentonite) for Nitrogen Compounds Adsorption in Different Water Temperatures Suitable for Aquaculture(Scipress Ltd, 2018) Sahin, Dilek; Oz, Meryem; Sertasi, Eda; Oz, Unal; Karsli, Zafer; Aral, OrhanIn this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of zeolite and bentonite on the ammonium adsorption at different temperatures. In this research three trial groups with 3 repetitions were created for three different water temperatures (18 +/- 0.1 degrees C, 24 +/- 0.0 degrees C, 27 +/- 0.0 degrees C). Experimental groups were prepared by adding NH4+ amount of 10.5 mg/l in 2 liters of water. After that, zeolite, zeolite+bentonite and bentonite were added into the bottles as 10 gram per liter. Water temperature, pH and TAN (Total Ammonium Nitrogen) values were determined during the trial period. At the end of trial TAN values at 27 degrees C were recorded as 10.103 +/- 0.11 mg/l, 9.227 +/- 0.13 mg/l and 7.933 +/- 0.17 mg/l in zeolite, zeolite+bentonite and bentonite groups, respectively. At the end of trial TAN values at 24 degrees C were recorded as 10.027 +/- 0.17 mg/l, 9.282 +/- 0.15 mg/l and 8.336 +/- 0.15 mg/l in zeolite, zeolite+bentonite and bentonite groups, respectively. At the end of trial TAN values at 18 degrees C were recorded as 9.012 +/- 0.28 mg/l, 7.702 +/- 0.14 mg/l and 6.594 +/- 0.14 mg/l in zeolite, zeolite+bentonite and bentonite groups, respectively. Maximum ammonium removal capacity, q(e), was found to be 0.50 mg/g in the bentonite (18 degrees C). The TAN values determined at 18 degrees C were statistically more significant (p<0.05) than the TAN values obtained at 24 degrees C and 27 degrees C.Öğe Growth and Pigmentation of Goldfish (Carassius auratus L, 1758) Fed on a Diet Supplemented with Purslane (Portulaca sp.) Extract(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2022) Sahin, Dilek; Oz, Meryem; Aral, Orhan; Bahtiyar, Mehmet; Tasci, SeldaThis study aimed to investigate the effects of the purslane extract on growth and pigmentation of goldfish (Carassius auratus L, 1758). The study was carried out with 4 experimental groups of which composed of control (0%, T0) and different amount of purslane plant extracts (3%, T3; 6%, T6; 9%, T9) and each group had 3 replicates. The fish with an average live weight of 2.55 +/- 0.08 g were selected randomly from a fish stock of 250 fish and were 13 fish were placed in each aquarium (15 L). The growth, survival and coloring parameters were determined at the end of 60th day of the study. The best growth parameters were recorded in the T9 group. The best weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversation ratio values occurred at 0.815 g, 0.462 % and 0.86, respectively were observed in the group fed with 9% of purslane extract. The survival rate parameters indicated no death in any experimental group of goldfish fry. The purslane extract had a positive effect on coloring, and the highest pigmentation for goldfish was obtained in T6 and T9 (Hue (Habo) angle values (86.73 +/- 0.32 and 77.64 +/- 0.47, respectively). The results revealed that purslane extract had a positive effect on the growth and coloring parameters of goldfish. The results recorded in this study can be used database in aquaculture for future studies carried out in aquaculture.Öğe The Assessment of Natural Biomineral Leonardite on Growth and Pigmentation of Goldfish, Carassius auratus(Mdpi, 2025) Sahin, Dilek; Oz, Meryem; Oz, UnalIn this study, the impact of leonardite as a feed additive in goldfish diets was examined, focusing on its potential to positively influence feed and water parameters, which are critical for achieving sustainable ornamental fish farming. In this study, goldfish were fed diets containing four different levels of leonardite (0%, 2%, 6%, 10%). The experiment was conducted in 12 tanks with 3 replicates per treatment and lasted for 3 months. The fish, which were provided from the Research, Production and Training Institute, with an average live weight of 0.947 +/- 0.03 g and an average length of 1.12 +/- 0.02 cm, were used. After 90 days, it was observed that the specific growth rates increased in correlation with the amount of leonardite in the diet, with a statistically significant difference identified (p < 0.05). In this study, which investigated the coloration of fish with leonardite added to the feed for the first time, it was determined that the color of the fish approached from yellow to orange as the amount of leonardite added to the feed increased (p < 0.05). Given the positive effects observed on pigmentation and growth in this study, it is recommended that further detailed investigations be conducted on leonardite, a natural, harmless, and cost-effective additive, using different fish species.Öğe The Effect of Dietary Supplementation of 17α -Methyltestosterone and 17β-Estradiol Hormones on Growth, Sex Conversion and Reproduction in Electric Yellow Cichlid (Labidochromis caeruleus)(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2022) Karsli, Zafer; Sahin, Dilek; oz, Meryem; oz, Unal; Aral, OrhanIn this study, effects of dietary supplementation of two different hormones on growth, sex conversion and reproduction of electric yellow cichlid, Labidochromis caeruleus were investigated. Moreover, possible negative (sterilization, mortality, reproduction performance etc.) and positive (growth, sex conversation etc.) impacts of hormone administration were also assessed. This study had two experiments. In the first experiment, six experimental feeds were prepared by adding two different hormones (17 alpha-Methyltestosterone (Mt), 17 beta-Estradiol (Es) at three different doses (20, 40, 60 mg kg-1) and control feed was without hormone. All six experiment groups receiving experimental diets and control were conducted in 3 replicates in 21 aquariums for 3 months in the first experiment. L. caeruleus were fed orally with these hormone-supplemented feeds and growth parameters, sex conversion and survival rate were examined. In the second experiment, fish from the first experiment were fed with commercial cichlid feed containing no hormones and numbers of fry produced was recorded. At the end of 90-day feeding period in the first experiment, the best growth was obtained in 60 mg kg-1 Mt treated group (1.97 +/- 0.17 g). Sex conversion to all male population (100% male) was observed in 17 alpha-Mt treated groups, while, conversion to 82.22, 86.67 and 86.67% females was observed in 17 beta-Es treated (20, 40 and 60 mg kg-1) groups, respectively. In the second experiment, after feeding the fish with a commercial feed for 3 months, fish fry was released from fish mouth and numbers of fry were counted. The present findings revealed that 17 alpha-Mt hormone was more effective in growth and sex conversion, while the survival rate and number of fry produced were negatively affected by the increased dose of both hormones.Öğe Use of purslane (Portulaca sp.) extract as a potential feed additive on growth parameter and skin pigmentation for blue streak hap, Labidochromis caeruleus (Fryer, 1956)(Wiley, 2022) Sahin, Dilek; Oz, Meryem; Aral, Orhan; Bahtiyar, Mehmet; Tasci, SeldaPurslane (Portulaca sp.) is a widely available succulent which could be used as an additive in fish feed owing to its nutritious nature and rich pigment content. In the present study, the effects of inclusion of purslane extract in fish feed was investigated on growth and pigmentation of blue streak hap (Labidochromis caeruleus Fryer, 1956). Fish were fed on diets containing 0 (control/T0), 3 (T3), 6 (T6) and 9 g kg(-1) (T9) of purslane extract for 60 days. Positive results in terms of weight gain (0.51 g), specific growth rate (1.23%.day(-1)) and survival rate (83.33%) were observed in the group fed with 9 g kg(-1) of purslane extract for 60 days. Furthermore, it was determined that the purslane extract had positive effects on pigmentation of blue streak hap, a prominent ornamental fish. The best coloration was achieved in blue streak hap of group T6, whose Hue (H-ab degrees) angle values varied between 83.61 +/- 1.15 and 78.10 +/- 1.35. This study is the first to include purslane extract into blue streak hap diets for its effect on growth and pigmentation. Findings from this study clearly demonstrate that using purslane extracts in diet has a positive effect on growth (T9), survival rate (T6, T9) and pigmentation (T6) of blue streak hap.
