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    First bloom report of Polykrikos hartmanni (Dinophyceae) in the coastal waters of İzmir Bay, Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean)
    (Univ Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 2025) Sabanci, Fatma Colak; Sahin, Fatih; Garate-Lizarraga, Ismael; Erba, Edanur; Tan, Ibrahim
    Background. Harmful algal blooms have increased in frequency, intensity and distribution in the last decades around the world. This increase has also been observed for the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. In November 2023, several reddish patches were observed in & Idot;zmir Bay (Aegean Sea); the dinoflagellate Polykrikos hartmannii was the causative agent. Goal. The purpose of this study was to report for the first time a bloom of this species in & Idot;zmir Bay. Methods. During the bloom, surface samples of seawater were collected using 1 liter plastic bottles at eleven sampling stations and fixed with Lugol for cell counting, which were performed under an OLYMPUS BX-50 microscope, using 1 ml Sedgewick-Rafter chambers. Samples were collected for live analysis and correct identification of the responsible species. Results. The moderate bloom occurred in November 2023 was caused by Polykrikos hartmannii. During the bloom two-celled chains were the predominant species, with single cells occurring less frequently. The highest cell abundance (4.8 x 104 cells L-1) was observed at station 29 in the inner bay. Cell sizes were 29.7 - 34.6 pm long, and 39.6 - 44.5 pm wide. Conclusions. Living samples allowed correct identification of P. hartmannii. Cells tend to become round or disrupted when preserved with Lugol's solution. This may be why this species has not been previously reported. The maximum abundance of P. hartmannii was recorded in & Idot;zmir Bay at a water temperature of 14.84 degrees C and a salinity of 38.02 %o, coinciding with highest values of nutrients. The bloom occurred in the shallowest area with limited water circulation and significant riverine inflow.
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    Identification of Type-Specific Phytoplankton Reference Conditions in Türkiye's Coastal Water Bodies
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Baytut, Ozgur; Cetin, Tolga; Sabanci, Fatma Colak; Gumus, Fatih
    Type-specific reference conditions for phytoplankton, along with models linked to relevant environmental factors, have been identified for T & uuml;rkiye's coastal water bodies. Phytoplankton and water samples were seasonally collected (spring, summer, and fall) from 78 stations across 16 different water body types in the Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and Marmara Seas with in the REFCOND project of T & uuml;rkiye between 2016 and 2020. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was employed to identify the most significant environmental parameter associated with phytoplankton biomass, with total phosphorus (TP) emerging as the key parameter. The CCA indicated that the first axis accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance (72.26%), and ANOVA confirmed that only this axis was statistically significant. Phytoplankton biomass was deemed crucial for assessing the ecological status of coastal waters. Numerous statistically significant regressions linked phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a, an indicator of phytoplankton biomass) to TP. For the first time, reference conditions and class boundaries for both phytoplankton biomass and Chl-a were established across all 16 water body types in T & uuml;rkiye's coastal waters.