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    REFLECTIONS OF SKILLED AND UNSKILLED LABOR ON THE TOURISM SECTOR: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS IN DEVELOPING AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
    (Univ Caxias Sul, Programa Pos-Graduacao & Turismo, 2026) Ozturk, Ilker; Altunoz, Utku; Tankus, Emre
    This research investigates the nuanced impact of skilled and unskilled labor on the tourism sector in developing and middle-income countries through a comprehensive panel data analysis. Recognizing the significance of the tourism industry as a driver of economic growth, the study aims to discern how the composition of labor, particularly skilled and unskilled, contributes to the sector's dynamics. The research methodology is based on panel data analysis. This involves collecting and analyzing data from a number of countries over a period of time. This approach provides a powerful tool for comparing and analyzing different aspects of the tourism sector in different countries. The analysis highlights key variables such as employment levels, productivity, and economic performance. The analysis focuses on key variables such as employment levels, productivity, and economic performance within the tourism sector. By employing advanced econometric techniques, the study aims to disentangle the distinct contributions of skilled and unskilled labor to the sector's overall success. We anticipate that the findings of this research will provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academics. Understanding the differential impacts of skilled and unskilled labor on the tourism sector can inform targeted interventions and strategic initiatives aimed at optimizing workforce composition, enhancing productivity, and fostering sustainable economic development in the selected countries. This information can enable specific countries to develop more effective policies in the tourism industry and create a more solid foundation for the sector.
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    Öğe
    TOURISM REVENUES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL COUNTRIES
    (Univ Rijeka, Faculty Tourism & Hospitality Management, Opatija, 2025) Tankus, Emre; Ozturk, Ilker; Altunoz, Utku; Koc, Selahattin; Sokmen, Alptekin
    Purpose-This study examines the impact of tourism revenues on economic growth in Mediterranean coastal countries from 2000 to 2022 using panel data methodology. By encompassing various economic cycles and significant global events, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of both short-term and long-term effects of tourism receipts on GDP. Methodology-In the study, 10 countries in the Mediterranean (France, Italy, Spain, T & uuml;rkiye, Greece, Tunisia, Egypt, Morocco, Malta and Algeria) were selected by simple random sampling method. Annual data covering the period 2000-2022 were used in the analyses and the panel ARDL method was used to reveal the purpose of the study. Findings-The panel ARDL method reveals that tourism revenues significantly boost economic growth, emphasizing the tourism sector's critical role in fostering development. These findings offer crucial insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and investors in the Mediterranean region's economic dynamics. Originality-The study contributes to the literature by utilizing recent data and multiple variables to capture the nuanced relationship between tourism and growth.