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    Accounting for Zero Inflation of Mussel Parasite Counts Using Discrete Regression Models
    (2017) Cankaya, Emel; Alpay, Olcay; Ozer, Ahmet
    In many ecological applications, the absences of species are inevitable due to either detection faults in samples oruninhabitable conditions for their existence, resulting in high number of zero counts or abundance. Usual practice formodelling such data is regression modelling of log(abundance+1) and it is well know that resulting model isinadequate for prediction purposes. New discrete models accounting for zero abundances, namely zero-inflatedregression (ZIP and ZINB), Hurdle-Poisson (HP) and Hurdle-Negative Binomial (HNB) amongst others are widelypreferred to the classical regression models. Due to the fact that mussels are one of the economically most importantaquatic products of Turkey, the purpose of this study is therefore to examine the performances of these four modelsin determination of the significant biotic and abiotic factors on the occurrences of Nematopsis legeri parasiteharming the existence of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis L.). The data collected from the threecoastal regions of Sinop city in Turkey showed more than 50% of parasite counts on the average are zero-valued andmodel comparisons were based on information criterion. The results showed that the probability of the occurrence ofthis parasite is here best formulated by ZINB or HNB models and influential factors of models were found to becorrespondent with ecological differences of the regions.
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    Comparative Diplectanum aequans (Monogenea) infestations in cultured European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea
    (Ege Univ, Fac Fisheries, 2019) Ozer, Ahmet; Okkay, Sevilay; Orturk, Turkay; Baki, Birol; Acar, Gokce; Guven, Arzu; Ozturk, Diiara Kaya
    In the present study, monogenean infestations were investigated on the gills of the European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax grown in culture cages located at Yakakent coast of the Black Sea and Milas coast of the Aegean Sea. Parasitological investigations were conducted simultaneously at both localities during September 2014, February and April 2015. While a total of 100 fish specimens were examined from Yakakent samples whose average length was 19.37 cm, a total of 88 fish specimens were examined from Milas samples whose length was 22.67 cm in average. Only one monogenean species Diplectanum aequans was recovered from investigated fish specimens at both sampling localities. Infestation prevalence (%) and mean intensity values of D. aequans were 89.0% and 9.6 +/- 0.8 in Yakakent samples while those infestation indices were 90.9% and 13.3 +/- 1.2 in Milas samples, respectively. The difference between the infestation prevalence (%) values of D. aequans at both sampling localities was not statistically significant, on the other hand, the difference was statistically significant in the mean intensity values at both locations. Diplectanum aequans showed a homogeneous distribution in all gill arches of fish without any statistically significant difference.This is the first comparative study on the infestation of D. aequans on the gills of European sea bass D. labrax cultured in the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea.
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    Comparative Study on Parasite Fauna of the Whiting Merlangius merlangus in the Northern and Southern Zones of the Black Sea
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2015) Ozer, Ahmet; Kornyychuk, Yulia M.; Ozturk, Turkay; Yurakhno, Violetta
    The comparative parasite fauna of the whiting Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Black Sea was determined using samples collected from the southern zone of the Sea near Sinop, Turkey and from the northern zone in Balaklava Bay, Sevastopol, Russia. The parasitological survey was conducted monthly between May 2011 and April 2014 on 690 fish from Sinop and 423 fish from Sevastopol. A total nine parasite species were identified which eight of were found at both sampling localities. Trichodina gobii Raabe, 1959, Eimeria merlangi Zaika, 1966, Ceratomyxa merlangi Zaika, 1966, Myxidium gadi Georgevitsch, 1916, Gyrodactylus alviga Dmitrieva and Gerasev, 1997, Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) larvae and adults, Scolex pleuronectis Muller, 1788 plerocercoids and Grillotia erinaceus (van Beneden, 1858) plerocerci were recorded from both sampling localities whereas Prodistomum polonii (Molin, 1859) Bray and Gibson, 1990 was found only once in the Sevastopol samples. This study revealed considerable differences in the prevalence and abundance values of T. gobii, Gy. alviga, Gr. erinaceus and H. aduncum between the two regions indicating two distinct groups of whiting thus supporting other studies suggesting a complex structure of whiting stocks in the Black Sea.
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    Digenean Metacercariae Parasitic in Fishes in Sarikum Lagoon Lake, Sinop, Turkish Black Sea Coast: Species Diversity, Seasonal Occurrence and Histopathological Effects
    (Inst Zoology, Bas, 2019) Ozturk, Turkay; Ozer, Ahmet
    The study aimed to identify the digenean metacercariae parasitic in fishes in the Sarikum Lagoon Lake located at the Black Sea coast of Turkey. A total of 906 fish specimens belonging to 6 fish species (Aphanius danfordii, Neogobius melanostamus, Proterorhinus marmoratus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Platichthys flesus and Chelon auratus) were examined monthly during a period of one year. Four digenean species recorded as encysted metacercariae were identified; these were three species belonging to Heterophyidae, i.e. Ascocotyle coleostoma, Pygidiopsis genata and Cryptocotyle concava, and one species of the family Diplostomatidae, i.e. Posthodiplostomum sp. Ascocotyle coleostoma was found to be the dominant species and detected in all examined fish species. Posthodiplostomum sp. was detected only in A. danfordii. Cryptocotyle concava was detected in N. melanostamus and P. marmoratus. Infection prevalence and intensity were calculated and discussed for each digenean species recorded as metacercariae in relation to season. The eye, heart and gill tissues of infected fish with parasites were examined histologically. The histological evaluation indicated that the histological lesions were more severe in gills.
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    First report of Ceratomyxa scorpaeni (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) from Scorpaena porcus in the Black Sea
    (Magnolia Press, 2021) Okkay, Sevilay; Gurkanli, C. Tolga; Ciftci, Yilmaz; Yurakhno, Violetta; Ozer, Ahmet
    Members of the class Myxosporea Butschli, 1881 have a cosmopolitan distribution in a wide variety of fish species worldwide. In the present study, the black scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus collected from the Sinop coasts of the Black Sea was investigated for myxosporean parasites using both conventional and molecular methods in the period between September 2015 and August 2019. Using morphological and morphometric data, the myxosporean parasite Ceratomyxa scorpaeni Garbouj, Rangel, Castro, Hmissi, Santos, Bahri, 2016 was identified in the gall bladder of host fish. Molecular analysis of the 18S rDNA gene confirmed the identity of this parasite as C. scorpaeni. This is the first report of its occurrence in the Black Sea.
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    First report of Eimeria sardinae (Apicomplexa: Coccidia) from the Turkish coast of the Black Sea
    (2014) Ozer, Ahmet; Öztürk, Türkay; Yurakhno, Violetta; Kornyychuk, Yulia M.
    Karadeniz'in Sinop kıyılarından Mayıs 2011 - Mayıs 2013 tarihleri arasında yakalanan mezgit balığının, Merlangius merlangus L., 1758, parazitleri araştırıldı ve incelenen 530 adet balıktan Mart 2012 tarihinde yakalanan 1 adedinin barsak içeriğinde çok sayıda Eimeria sardinae (Thélohan, 1890) Reichenow, 1921 ookistinin varlığı belirlendi. Bu parazit türü ne Karadeniz'in Türkiye kıyılarında ne de mezgit balığında daha önce bildirilmedi. Dolayısıyla bu tür Türkiye parazit faunası için yeni bir kayıttır, fakat mezgit balığı bu tür için gerçek bir konak olmayabilir. Mezgit balığının bağırsak içeriğinde bulunan E. sardinae ookistleri bu parazitin konağı olduğu bilinen ve mezgit balığının doğal besinini oluşturan Sprattus sprattus ya da Engraulis encrasicolus gibi avlar ile alınmış olabilir
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    Grillotia erinaceus (van Beneden, 1858) (Cestoda:Trypanorhyncha) from whiting in the Black Sea, with observations on seasonality and host-parasite interrelationship
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2014) Ozer, Ahmet; Ozturk, Turkay; Kornyushin, Vadim V.; Kornyychuk, Yulia; Yurakhno, Violetta
    The genus Grillotia Guiart, 1927 is cosmopolitan in its distribution and the type-species, G. erinaceus (van Beneden, 1858), has been relatively well studied. However, this study provides infection indices of Grillotia erinaceus from southern and northern Black Sea whiting Merlangius merlangus for the first time. The specimens of Grillotia erinaceus were obtained from subserosa of the anterior oesophagus, stomach, pyloric caeca, liver, ovaries and mesenterium of whiting caught by commercial fishing vessels off Sinop, Turkey and off Balaklava, Ukraine. Fish were examined during the period from May 2011 to April 2012. Prevalence and mean intensity values in 268 fish collected off Sinop in the Black Sea were 18.66% and 1.82 +/- 0.16 parasites per infected fish, respectively. In Ukrainian 166 whiting samples collected off Balaklava in the Black Sea, however, G. erinaceus plerocercus infection prevalence was 10.24% and mean intensity 1.71 +/- 0.75 parasites per infected fish. Infection parameters were also determined at both sampling sites in relation with host length, sex and season.
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    Infection of Kudoa anatolica (Cnidaria: Myxozoa): Impact on the Nutritional Composition of Atherina hepsetus (Atherinidae) Flesh
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Ozer, Ahmet; Kaya, Yalcin; Okkay, Sevilay; Kocatepe, Demet
    Mediterranean sand smelt Atherina hepsetus, whose flesh was infected by Kudoa anatolica, was investigated for its impacts on the nutritional composition of host fish. Based on the infection densities of K. anatolica, fish were grouped to have uninfected control (A), slightly (B), moderately (C), and highly infected (D). While there were no significant changes in the crude protein (CP), crude lipid (CL), and energy contents (p > .05), significant changes were determined in the total amino acid content between groups (p < .05). The present study proved changes in the proximate, fatty acid, and amino acid composition in flesh and the negative impacts of a Kudoa species.
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    Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations on Grillotia erinaceus (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha)
    (Istanbul Univ Press, Fac Aquatic Sciences, 2020) Ozer, Ahmet; Ozturk, Turkay; Okkay, Sevilay; Yurakhno, Violetta; Kornyychuk, Julia
    In the present study, the plerocercoids of Grillotia erinaceus were obtained from the wall of the anterior oesophagus, stomach, pyloric caeca and liver of teleost Black Sea whiting Merlangius merlangus and adults were collected from the intestine of elasmobranch thornback rays Raja clav- ata caught by commercial fishing vessels off Sinop, Turkey. Standard parasitological investigation methods were applied and morphological diagnostic features of the whole parasite, bothria, scolex, tentacular armatures and tentacles were studied in detail using a light and Scanning Elec- tron Microscope (SEM). The plerocercoids of this parasite had a total length of 5.96 mm on average and this was 21.6 mm on average in adults. The measurement data of all morphological diagnostics are provided and photomicrographs of each part of the parasite are presented. This study also provides the detailed morphological features of both plerocercoids and adults of G. erinaceus in M. merlangus and R. clavata for the first time in the Turkish coasts of the Black Sea.
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    Metazoan parasite fauna of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1811 (Perciformes: Gobiidae) collected from the Black Sea coast at Sinop, Turkey
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007) Ozer, Ahmet
    Round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) were collected from a small stream connected to the Black Sea coast of Sinop, Turkey and examined for metazoan parasites. A total of 122 gobies was investigated throughout a 1-year period. Long-term investigations can be useful for finding rare parasites and for determining the diversity and seasonality of parasites. Parasite species recovered were a Digenea gen. sp., Pygidiopsis genata, Ascocotyle sp., Gyrodactylus proterorhini, Dichelyne minutus, Hysterothylacium aduncum, Spiroxys sp., Neoechinohynchus rutilii, and Ergasilus sieboldi. Overall infection prevalence (%) and mean intensity values were 97.5% and 78.2 +/- 23.1 parasites per infected fish, respectively. Infection prevalence and mean intensity values for each parasite species in relation to season, fish size, and sex were also determined and discussed.
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    Molecular and morphological description of Ceratomyxa scophthalmi sp. nov. (Myxozoa) infecting Scophthalmus maeoticus and first report of Myxidium finnmarchicum in the Black Sea
    (Inter-Research, 2022) Ozer, Ahmet; Gurkanl, Cem Tolga; Okkay, Sevilay; Ciftci, Yilmaz; Yurakhno, Violetta
    In the present study, 2 species of myxozoan parasites, the novel Ceratomyxa scophthalmi sp. nov. and Myxidium finnmarchicum, were documented from the gallbladder of Scophthalmus maeoticus inhabiting the Turkish Black Sea coast at Sinop. C. scophthalmi sp. nov. had mostly spherical, clavate, and fine-grained polymorphic plasmodia that ranged in diameter from 16.0 to 29.0 mu m. Spores were arcuate with a convex anterior margin and concave posterior. Valves of spores were highly elongated and unequal in thickness with one valve 1.1-1.3 times thicker than the other. Valves narrowed gradually toward slightly truncated ends. The mean (range) dimensions of spores were 9.4 (8.5-10.0) mu m in length and 49.6 (44.5-55.0) mu m in thickness, with polar capsules that were 3.1 (2.7-3.5) mu m in length and 3.2 (2.7-3.5) mu m in width. Polar filaments were coiled with 4-5 turns. Large numbers of immature forms of C. scophthalmi sp. nov., which were often 'crumpled', and mature forms were found together in the gallbladder bile. Along with morphological differences, phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA, including pairwise nucleotide similarities with other related Ceratomyxa species, suggests C. scophthalmi as a novel species. Moreover, this report provides the first morphological and molecular descriptions of M. finnmarchicum outside of its original geographical location and type host species.
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    Monogenean Fish Parasites, Their Host Preferences and Seasonal Distributions in the Lower Kizihrmak Delta (Turkey)
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2014) Ozturk, Turkay; Ozer, Ahmet
    This comprehensive research study was conducted to determine the monogenean fauna of 16 fish species belonging to Cyprinidae, Mugilidae, Gobiidae, Percidae, Cyprinodontidae, Gasterosteidae, Cobitidae, Atherinidae, Poecilidae and Sygnidae in Lower Kizilirmak Delta located by the coasts of the Black Sea in the northern part of Turkey. A total of 1049 fish specimens were collected during the period between December 2010 and November 2011. Gyrodactylus proterorhini, G. cyprini, G. arcuatus, Dactylogyrus extensus, D. chalcalburni, D. difformis, Ancyrocephalus paradoxus, Ligophorus mediterraneus, L. cephali, Solostamenides mugilis and Paradiplozoan homoion were identified to the specific level while one Gyrodactylus and one Salsuginus species were identified only to the generic level. Some monogeneans were found to be specific to some host families, especially Ligophorus for Mugilidae and Dactylogyrus for Cyprinidae. Prevalence (%) and intensity indices were determined and discussed for each monogenean species and/or genus on respective hosts. All the monogenean species were recorded for the first time in the Lower Kizilirmak Delta. Gyrodactylus cyprini and Ancyrocephalus paradoxus represented new parasite records for Turkey.
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    New Host and Geographical Records of Ortholinea orientalis (Schulman and Schulman-Albova, 1953) (Myxozoa, Myxosporea), a Parasite of Marine Fishes
    (Inst Zoology, Bas, 2015) Ozer, Ahmet; Ozkan, Hakan; Yurakhno, Violetta
    Ortholinea orientalis (Schulman and Schulman-Albova, 1953) is reported from the urinary bladder of the fish hosts Alosa tanaica (Clupeidae) and Mullus barbatus ponticus (Mullidae) from the Black Sea. Infection prevalence is 33.3% and 2.5% in M barbatus ponticus and A. tanaica, respectively. A morphometric description of the spores is provided. This paper provides the first records of O. orientalis in Alosa tanaica and M barbatus ponticus, and the first detection of this parasite in the Black Sea. This is also the first record of O. orientalis from Turkey.
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    New Locality and Host Record of Some Myxozoan Parasite Species (Cnidaria) off Turkish Coast of the Black Sea
    (Inst Zoology, Bas, 2020) Okkay, Sevilay; Ozer, Ahmet
    Nine marine fish species were studied for the presence of myxozoan parasites: Pontic shad Alosa immaculata, Mediterranean sand smelt Atherina hepsetus, knout goby Mesogobius batrachocephalus, round goby Neogobius melanostomus, black goby Gobius niger, shore rockling Gaidropsarus mediterraneus, thornback ray Raja clavata, grey wrasse Symphodus cinereus and European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus. Fish were collected from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea. Gills, fins, skin, urinary bladder, kidney, gall bladder, liver, intestine, smooth muscles and gonads of each fish species were examined for myxosporean parasites. Ten myxosporean species, most of them identified at the species level, were found. They were Ortholinea orientalis from Pontic shad and European anchovy, Fabespora nana and Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli from knout goby, Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli and Zschokkella iskovi from shore rockling, Chloromyxum partistriatus from thornback ray, Myxobolus sp. 1 and Ortholinea divergens from grey wrasse, Ortholinea sp. from black goby. Ceratomyxa sp. from Mediterranean sand smelt and Myxobolus sp. 2 from round goby. Infection prevalence and intensity values as well as morphometric data for each parasite species are provided. While Ortholinea orientalis was found in new hosts for the Black Sea, Sphaeromyxa sevastopoli, Ortholinea divergens and Fabespora nana were found in new host for Turkish coast of the Black Sea. Furthermore. Zschokkella iskovi and Chloromyrum partistriatus are new records for the Turkish Black Sea parasite fauna.
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    New molecular evidence on the members of the genus Ortholinea (Cnidaria, Myxozoa) and the description of Ortholinea hamsiensis n. sp. infecting the urinary bladder of European anchovy Engraulis engrasicolus in the Black Sea
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2024) Okkay, Sevilay; Gurkanli, Cem Tolga; Ciftci, Yilmaz; Ozer, Ahmet
    Members of the genus Ortholinea are among the worldwide distributed myxozoan parasites that mainly infect marine fish. In this study, a new myxosporean species, Ortholinea hamsiensis n. sp., was isolated from the urinary bladder of European anchovy Engraulis engrasicolus collected from the Sinop coasts of the Black Sea. The prevalence and density values of infection were 1.4% and 1-5 individuals in the field of view (1 + ), respectively. Mature myxospores are subspherical with slight tapering down to the less pronounced tip in the frontal view and subspherical in the sutural view. Myxospores measured 9.1 +/- 0.25 (8.8-9.9) mu m in length, 9.2 +/- 0.11 (8.9-9.4) mu m in thickness, and 8.4 +/- 0.33 (8.2-9.1) mu m in width. Two polar capsules equal in size measured 3.1 +/- 0.11 (3.0-3.3) mu m in length and 2.7 +/- 0.11 (2.6-2.9) mu m in width. The polar tubule had 3-4 coils. Along with morphological peculiarities, the results of the 18S rDNA also revealed it to be a new species for science compared to the other species of the genus. In this study, another myxosporean species O. gobiusi was also detected in round goby Neogobius melanostomus with a prevalence of infection value of 4.8% and a density of 1-5 individuals in the field of view (1 + ). The present study also provided the first data of 18S rDNA of O. gobiusi from N. melanostomus and type species of the genus O. divergens from Gobius niger and the phylogenetic relationships of these species with other Ortholinea species have been revealed.
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    PARASITE DIVERSITY OF THE BLACK SEA FISHES IN TURKISH COASTAL AREAS
    (Turkish Marine Research Foundation-Tudav, 2017) Ozer, Ahmet; Ozturk, Turkay
    [No abstract available]
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    Parasitic isopods on some marine fishes caught from the coasts of Sinop in the Black Sea, Turkey
    (Ege Univ, Fac Fisheries, 2021) Okkay, Sevilay; Ozer, Ahmet
    Marine fish species such as grey wrasse Symphodus cinereus, common sole Solea solea, knout goby Mesogobius batrachocephalus and rusty blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus were studied for their parasitic isopods on the Sinop coast of the Black Sea. Two cymothoid species (Nerocila bivittata and Nerocila orbignyi) were identified. Nerocila bivittata was found on the body surface and fins of grey wrasse, common sole, knout goby, and N. orbignyi on the dorsal fin of rusty blenny. The prevalence and mean intensity values of each parasite species on fishes were calculated. Fish species mentioned above were all new hosts for N. bivittata and N. orbignyi in the Turkish coast of the Black sea.
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    Seasonality and host- parasite interrelationship of Mytilus galloprovincialis parasites in Turkish Black Sea coasts
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2015) Ozer, Ahmet; Guneydag, Sevilay
    This is the first comprehensive research study on the parasites of Mytilus galloprovincialis collected from the Sinop coasts of the Black Sea and their relationships with several environmental and biotic factors. A total of 1740 mussels were collected monthly at three sampling localities representing different ecosystems in the period between August 2012 and July 2013 and examined for parasites. Identified parasites were Nematopsis legeri, Peniculistoma mytili, Urastoma cyprinae, Parvatrema duboisi and Polydora ciliata. Infection prevalence (%), mean intensity and mean abundance values of each parasite species were calculated according to season, sampling localities and length classes of mussel. Nematopsis legeri was the most prevalent species (32.5%), followed by Pe. mytili (6.70%), U. cyprinae (6.30%), Pa. duboisi (4.50%) and Po. ciliata (2.20%). Nematopsis legeri and Parvatrema duboisi had their highest infection prevalence and intensity values in sampling locality III where secondary hosts present to complete their life cycle and larger sized mussels had higher parasite loads. Statistically significant differences were determined in the prevalence of infection and intensity values among seasons, length classes of mussel and sampling localities of each parasite species. The present study provided valuable information on mussel parasites and their relationships with host length, seasons and ecology.
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    TRICHODINA GOBII (CILIOPHORA: TRICHODINIDAE) ON WHITING MERLANGIUS MERLANGUS WITH A CHECKLIST FROM TURKISH AND RUSSIAN COASTS OF THE BLACK SEA
    (Hungarian Natural History Museum, 2015) Ozer, Ahmet; Ozturk, Turkay; Kornyychuk, Yulia M.; Yurakhno, Violetta
    Trichodina gobii was identified during a parasitological survey conducted on the parasite fauna of whiting, Merlangius merlangus at both Sinop (Turkey) and Sevastopol (Russia) coasts of the Black Sea in the period between May 2011 and March 2014. Its morphological characteristics and taxonomic affinities with other previous reports on this species were revealed. The ecological occurrences in relation with seasonality, host length and sex of whiting were also determined. Parasitological indices were calculated from 690 and 423 whiting specimens collected in Sinop and Sevastopol, respectively. Overall infestation prevalence (%) and mean intensity and mean abundance values were 45.6%, 70.1 +/- 10.4 and 32.0 +/- 4.9, respectively, in Sinop, while they were 6.9%, 29.2 +/- 10.1 and 2.0 +/- 0.8 in Sevastopol. The taxonomic affinities to other trichodinid species and ecological data are discussed in detail.
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    Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) infestations of an endemic Toothcarp Aphanius danfordii Boulenger, 1890 (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) in Sinop, Turkey
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007) Ozer, Ahmet
    Toothcarp (Aphanius danfordii) were collected from a small stream connected to the Black Sea on the coast of Sinop, Turkey and examined for trichodinids. A total of 156 toothcarp was investigated. Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970 was the only trichodina species recovered. Overall infestation prevalence (%), mean intensity and abundance values were 97.4%, 182.7 +/- 22.4 parasites per infested fish, and 178.0 +/- 22.0 parasites per examined fish, respectively. Infestation prevalence, mean intensity and abundance values in relation to sampling months, fish size, and sex were also determined and discussed.