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Health assessment of grey mullet Mugil cephalus based on interrelationship between parasite co-infections and relative condition factor
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Ozer, A.; Cankaya, E.; Kirca, D. Yilmaz
This study aimed to assess the health status of grey mullet Mugil cephalus by means of relative condition factor under the coexisting parasite groups within seasons. Fish were captured monthly in the Lower Kzlrmak Delta in Samsun, Turkey, from December 2011 to November 2012. A total of five taxonomic groups containing 13 parasite species were constituted: Trichodina (Trichodina puytoraci, T.lepsii), Monogenea (Ligophorus cephali, L.mediterraneus, Gyrodactylus sp., Microcotyle mugilis), Digenea (Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa, Diplostomum spathaceum, Tylodelphys clavata, Posthodiplostomum sp., Haplosplanchnus pachysomus), Acanthocephala (Neoechinorhynchus agilis) and Copepoda (Ergasilus lizae). Only one mullet was not parasitized and 13.8%, 36.3%, 29.2%, 16.2% and 4.5% were infected by one, two, three, four and five parasite groups respectively. Health assessment of mullets was performed by means of relative condition factor based on weight-length relationship estimated by robust regression methods. General linear modelling was employed to investigate any effect of season and infection load on this condition measure. Potential impacts of multiple parasitism on the community, which have been largely overlooked in the literature, were first visually revealed by relating the levels of co-infections (in terms of prevalence and intensity) to the seasons. Then, a correlation analysis was carried out between condition estimates and the log-ratios of relative abundances of parasite groups. The results showed that mullets suffering from Monogenea-Digenea-Acanthocephala (M-D-A) and also along with Copepoda (M-D-A-C) co-infection had weights less than expected (K-n<1) under winter conditions. However, Trichodina involved co-infections appeared to prefer large sized hosts (K-n>1) particularly in autumn.
Levels of infection and seasonal occurrence of Gyrodactylus alviga (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) on the whiting Merlangius merlangus off the Turkish and Russian coasts of the Black Sea
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2016) Ozer, A.; Kornyychuk, Y.; Ozturk, T.; Yurakhno, V.
Gyrodactylus alviga is a generalist species reported in many Black Sea fish species, but whiting is known to be its main host. It is the only monogenean parasite that has been reported so far on the skin, fins and gills of whiting Merlangius merlangus in the Black Sea. A total of 690 fish from Turkey and 423 fish from Russia were examined to detect parasites. Infection indices of prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance values were calculated for length classes and sex of fish, as well as for the seasons. There is a gradual increase in infection indices in relation with increasing host length classes and there are higher infection indices on female fish. Furthermore, despite lower prevalence indices in spring and winter, higher parasite intensity values were determined in these seasons. It is concluded that larger fish provided more space and food for G. alviga, and female fish were more parasitized as they were more active in searching for food, which enables the parasite to switch between hosts. In addition, winter and spring were more appropriate for reproduction of G. alviga.
Molecular and morphological description of Myxidium parvum (Cnidaria) from Salaria pavo (Blenniidae) in the Black Sea
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2022) Gurkanli, C. T.; Okkay, S.; Ciftci, Y.; Ozer, A.
Members of the predominantly coelozioc genus Myxidum Butschli, 1882 with more than 232 species have been reported from a wide variety of marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. In this study, 25 specimens of peacock blenny, Salaria pavo, were collected from Sinop on the Turkish Black Sea coast. The gills, fins, skin, urinary bladder, gal bladder, kidney, liver, gonads and smooth muscle tissue of the collected samples were investigated for myxosporean parasites. Myxidium parvum Yurakhno, 1991 was the only myxosporean found in the gall bladder of host fishes. Based on spore morphology, M. parvum had mostly overlapping measurement data of original description in spore length and width, polar capsule length but differed slightly in width; however, they were within the ranges previously reported from other blenniid host fish species in the Black Sea. Moreover, in this study, molecular analysis of the 18S rDNA gene of M. parvum isolates from S. pavo was done for the first time and our M. parvum genotypes appeared as sister to Myxidium incurvatum within the Lineage II of the marine Myxidium clade.
Molecular characterization and morphological aspects of Myxobolus parvus (Myxozoa) from Liza saliens (Mugilidae) off the Turkish Black Sea coasts
(Springer, 2016) Ozer, A.; Gurkanli, C. T.; Ozkan, H.; Acar, G.; Ciftci, Y.; Yurakhno, V.
Members of the phylum Myxozoa are among the most cosmopolitan parasites of fish, and the genus Myxobolus is the largest within the class Myxosporea in freshwater and marine environment from all over the world. Myxobolus parvus has been reported from mainly mugilid fishes from different localities including the Black Sea. Leaping mullet Liza saliens collected by fishermen off Sinop coasts of the Black Sea in the period between September 2014 and December 2015 was investigated for myxosporean parasites using conventional methods. M. parvus Schulman, 1962 was the only Myxobolus species identified and it was found in the gills, gall bladder, kidney tubules, and inside several cysts located on the lower jaw of examined fish in the present study. Morphometric data and all details of parasitic infection were determined and presented in tables and illustrated in figures. Molecular characterization was also conducted to reveal its position within Myxosporea. Two M. parvus samples from gills and kidney showed the same haplotype and appeared in the same sub-lineage with marine Myxobolus species. The closest haplotypes to M. parvus were Triactinomyxon sp. and Endocapsa sp. which are the actinosporeans forms of unknown myxozoan species. These data are the first in molecular characterization of M. parvus, its occurrence in lower jaw of leaping mullet along with its infection prevalence values off the Turkish Black Sea coasts.
Morphological and molecular descriptions ofSphaeromyxa sevastopoli(Cnidaria) from host fishes from Sinop on the Black Sea coast
(Springer, 2020) Okkay, S.; Gurkanli, C. T.; Ciftci, Y.; Yurakhno, V.; Ozer, A.
Members of the genusSphaeromyxaThelohan, 1892 have been reported from a wide variety of fish species worldwide. In the present study, specimens of rusty blenny,Parablennius sanguinolentus, collected from Sinop on the Turkish Black Sea coast were investigated for myxosporean parasites by using both conventional and molecular methods.Sphaeromyxa sevastopoliNaidenova1970was the only myxosporean parasite found in the gall bladder of host fishes. The morphology peculiarities of obtainedS. sevastopolispores are in good agreement with those of original description and the morphometric data overlapped in spore length and width but differed in polar capsule length and width; however, they were within the ranges previously reported from 18 host fish species. Moreover, in the present study, molecular analysis of the 18S rDNA gene ofS. sevastopoliisolate in ourP. sanguinolentusas well as isolates from shore rocklingGaidropsarus mediterraneusand knout gobyMesogobius batrachocephaluswhich were previously morphologically identified and reported by Okkay and ozer (Acta Zool Bulg 72(1):123-130,2020) was done for the first time and our threeS. sevastopoligenotypes were allocated to the balbianii group which is characterized by straight or slightly curved and fusiform or ovoid spores with ovoid polar capsules.
Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Ortholinea mullusi sp nov (Myxozoa) in Mullus barbatus from the Black Sea
(Inter-Research, 2018) Gurkanli, C. T.; Okkay, S.; Ciftci, Y.; Yurakhno, V.; Ozer, A.
Myxosporeans of the genus Ortholinea have a worldwide distribution and infect organs and tissues of exclusively marine fishes. Here we describe the morphological and molecular characteristics of Ortholinea mullusi sp. nov. parasitizing the urinary bladder and kidney tubules of red mullet Mullus barbatus collected from the coastal zone of Sinop in the Black Sea, Turkey. Polysporic plasmodia with immature spores were either elongate, 37.0 +/- 4.5 SD (30-50) mu m long and 45.0 +/- 3.8 (40-55) mu m wide, or were round, up to 100.0 mu m in diameter. Mature, free spores were spherical in the frontal view and measured 9.3 +/- 0.2 (9.0-9.7) mu m in length, 8.7 +/- 0.3 (8.2-9.3) mu m in width and 7.7 +/- 0.1 (7.5-7.9) mu m in thickness. We observed 2 polar capsules of equal size, which measured 3.1 +/- 0.1 (3.0-3.2) mu m long by 2.5 +/- 0.1 (2.4-2.6) mu m wide, and the tips of the polar capsules were open towards the sutural line. The prevalence of infection by O. mullusi sp. nov. was 24.5%. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) clearly suggested O. mullusi to be a new species, clustered within a lineage comprising O. labracis and O auratae. Pairwise nucleotide similarities and DNA distance values between O. mullusi sp. nov. and sister Ortholinea species also supported this suggestion.
Morphology, histology and phylogeny of Henneguya sinova sp nov (Myxobolidae: Myxozoa) infecting gills of Parablennius tentacularis in the Black Sea, Turkey
(Inter-Research, 2016) Ozer, A.; Ozkan, H.; Gurkanli, C. T.; Yurakhno, V.; Ciftci, Y.
Myxosporeans of the genus Henneguya have a global distribution and infect organs and tissues of both marine and freshwater fishes. Here we describe the morphological, histological and molecular characteristics of Henneguya sinova sp. nov. parasitizing the gill arches of tentacled blenny Parablennius tentacularis (Perciformes: Blenniidae) collected from the coast of Sinop on the Black Sea in Turkey. Several oval whitish plasmodia of different sizes in the gill arches of fish were found. The mature spores were rounded oval in frontal view, with a mean (range) total length 57.5 (51.5-68.0) mu m; the spore body was 11.7 (11.3-12.0) mu m in length by 7.6 (7.3-8.3) mu m in width and 6.7 (6.6-6.8) mu m in thickness. The caudal appendages, measuring 46.0 (40.0-55.0) mu m in length, were very thin at the tapered end. The prevalence of infection by H. sinova sp. nov. was 35.5%. Phylo genetic analysis of nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) clearly suggested H. sinova as a new species which is clustered within the marine Henneguya lineage. Pairwise nucleotide similarities and DNA distance values of SSU rDNA between H. sinova sp. nov. and other related Henneguya species also supported this suggestion.
Myxosporean parasites of Ceratomyxa merlangi and Myxidium gadi in whiting Merlangius merlangus: a comparative epizootiological analysis based on samples from two localities off southern and northern coasts of the Black Sea
(Springer, 2017) Ozer, A.; Yurakhno, V.; Ozturk, T.; Kornyychuk, Y. M.
Totally 690 and 423 whiting Merlangius merlangus samples were collected from two localities off Southern (Sinop) and Northern coasts (Balaklava Bay) of the Black Sea, respectively, and examined for myxosporeans in the period from May 2011 to March 2014. Ceratomyxa merlangi and Myxidium gadi were the only myxosporean parasites identified in the content of gall bladder and their infection indices of prevalence (%) and intensity were calculated for length classes and sex of fish as well as for the seasons at both sampling localities. Overall infection prevalence of C. merlangi was 22.6% in Sinop and 27.9% in Balaklava samples while those values of M. gadi were 18.4% and 28.6% in Sinop and Balaklava samples, respectively. Both parasite species were also found to be co-existed in whiting samples. This is the first comprehensive epizootiological study yielded comparable data on C. merlangi and M. gadi infections in whiting in the southern and northern coasts of the Black Sea.
Parasite fauna of garfish Belone belone collected from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea, Turkey
(Eur Assoc Fish Pathologists, 2013) Ozer, A.; Yurakhno, V.
Parasite fauna of garfish Belone belone was determined in 16 fish specimens collected from Turkish coasts of the Black Sea in January and February 2013. A total of 6 parasite species was identified:Ceratomyxa beloneae, Sigmomyxa sphaerica, Axine.belones, Hysterothylacium aduncum, Diphyllobothrium sp. procercoids and Trichodina sp. Their morphometric measurements, infection prevalences, intensities and their sites of infection were presented. C. beloneae and S. sphaerica are new parasite records for Turkey and A. belones, H. aduncum, Trichodina sp. and Diphyllobothrium sp. are reported in B. belone in Turkish coasts of the Black Sea for the first time.
Parasite fauna of Golden Grey Mullet Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) collected from Lower KA±zA±lA±rmak Delta in Samsun, Turkey
(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2013) Ozer, A.; Kirca, D. Y.
The mugilids are among the most cosmopolitan teleost fishes and they are widely distributed in fresh, brackish and coastal marine waters of the tropical and temperate regions of the world. Liza aurata is one of eight mugilid species survive in Turkish waters. Parasite fauna of the golden grey mullet Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) collected from Lower KA +/- zA +/- lA +/- rmak Delta in Samsun, Turkey were investigated in the present study. Standard parasitological investigation methods were applied and standard indices of infection were calculated. A total of 10 parasite species were identified and they are; Trichodina puytoraci, Trichodina lepsii, Ligophorus mediterraneus, Ligophorus cephali, Microcotyle mugilis, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa, Haplosplanchnus pachysomus, Tylodelphys clavata, Neoechinorhyncus agilis and Ergasilus lizae. Overall infection prevalence was 100 % and both the mean intensity and abundance values were 190.09 +/- 43.15 parasites per infected/examined fish. Ligophorus-group parasites were the most abundant (97.83 %) and Tylodelphys clavata was the least (4.35 %) among all parasite species identified. Water temperature (C), dissolved oxygen (mg/lt), salinity (ppt) and nitrate (mg/lt) values were also presented. According to results obtained in the present study, Ligophorus cephali, Ligophorus mediterraneus, Thylodelphys clavata and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa are new parasite records for L. aurata and Ligophorus mediterraneus, Ligophorus cephali and Ergasilus lizae are the new parasite records for Turkish parasite fauna of fish in Turkey.
Parasite fauna of the grey mullet Mugil cephalus L. 1758, and its relationship with some ecological factors in Lower Kizilirmak Delta located by the Black Sea, Turkey
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Ozer, A.; Kirca, D. Yilmaz
Parasites of the grey mullet Mugil cephalus collected from Lower Kizilirmak Delta in Turkey were investigated. Trichodina puytoraci, Trichodina lepsii, Ligophorus mediterraneus, Ligophorus cephali, Gyrodactylus sp., Microcotyle mugilis, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa, Haplosplanchnus pachysomus, Diplostomum spathaceum, Tylodelphys clavata, Posthodiplostomum sp., Neoechinorhyncus agilis and Ergasilus lizae were identified. Overall infection prevalence (%), mean intensity and mean abundance values were 99.61%, 458.10 +/- 75.72 and 456.30 +/- 75.44, respectively. Infection indices of parasite species in relation to season, lakes/lagoons and some physicochemical parameters of water such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nitrate are determined and discussed. Posthodiplostomum sp. is a new parasite record for mugilids and Diplostomum spathaceum is the first record in M. cephalus, in the present study. Moreover, Ligophorus mediterraneus, Ligophorus cephali and Ergasilus lizae are new records for Turkish parasite fauna of fish and Mugil cephalus is a new host record for Neoechinorhyncus agilis in Turkey.
Seasonality and host-parasite interrelationship of Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda) in whiting Merlangius merlangus off the southern and northern coasts of the Black Sea
(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2016) Ozer, A.; Kornyychuk, Y. M.; Yurakhno, V.; Ozturk, T.
In the present study, we investigated the comparative infection levels, ecology and host-parasite interrelationship of a nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) in whiting, Merlangius merlangus (L., 1758) in southern (Sinop) and northern (Balaklava Bay) coasts of the Black Sea for the first time. Fish were collected throughout a period from May 2011 to March 2014 from local fishermen. A total of 690 fish specimens near Sinop and 423 fish near Balaklava Bay were examined for parasites. Hysterothylacium aduncum was the only nematode species identified in the digestive tract of the Black Sea whiting Merlangius merlangus. Prevalence of infection, mean intensity and mean abundance values were determined according to season, length classes and sex of fish at both localities. These infection indices were always higher in Sinop samples than those of Balaklava Bay samples.
Two novel myxosporean parasites in Black Sea fishes: Kudoa niluferi sp nov and Kudoa anatolica sp nov (Cnidaria: Myxosporea)
(Inter-Research, 2018) Ozer, A.; Okkay, S.; Gurkanli, C. T.; Ciftci, Y.; Yurakhno, V
Members of the genus Kudoa are typically histozoic and only a few are coelozoic parasites, mainly in marine fishes. In the present study, 2 novel Kudoa species were recovered and described as Kudoa nilufen sp. nov. in the musculature of Neogobius melanostomus and Kudoa anatohca sp. nov. in the musculature, urinary bladder and kidney of Athenna hepsetus collected from the coast of Smop on the Black Sea. Means +/- SI.) (ranges) of mature spores of K. nilufen sp. nov. were 5.9 +/- 0.1 (5.7-6.1) mu m in length, 9.2 +/- 0.2 (8.8-9.5) mu m in width and 7.5 +/- 0.3 (7.0-8.1) mu m in thickness, while those of K. anatohca sp. nov. were 4.1 +/- 0.3 (3.5-4.1) mu m in length, 7.1 +/- 0.2 (6.7-7.2) mu m in width and 5.7 +/- 0.2 (5.3-6.0) mu m in thickness. In both parasite species, length and width of the 4 polai capsules were not equal and formed 3 distinct size classes, largest (1), intermediate (2) and smallest (1) in size. The prevalence and intensity of infection by K. nilufen sp. nov. were 12.8% and 20-29 parasites (per field-of-view, at 200x magnification), respectively, in the musculature of N. melanostomus. These values for K. anatohca sp. nov. were 32.1 % and 10-19 parasites in the musculature as well as 2.9% and 20-29 parasites jointly in the kidney and urinary bladder of A. hepsetus. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subumt rDNA also suggested K. nilufen and K. anatohca as 2 novel species. These species appealed m the same lineage with K. nova and formed a Black Sea lineage.

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